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Processing Costs (processing + cost)
Selected AbstractsTechnical Cost Modeling for the Mechanical Milling at Cryogenic Temperature (Cryomilling),ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2004J. Ye Cryomilling is one of the few technologies available to fabricate a large quantity of nanostructured materials. No matter how exciting and promising a technology is, its ultimate realization is invariably dependent on economic success. Technical cost modeling was employed in this paper to analyze the processing cost of cryomilling. The results demonstrated that cryomilling has the potential to be commercially economical to fabricate nanostructured materials. [source] Grids of agents for computer and telecommunication network managementCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 5 2004M. D. Assunção Abstract The centralized system approach for computer and telecommunication network management has been presenting scalability problems along with the growth in the amount and diversity of managed equipment. Moreover, the increase in complexity of the services being offered through the networks also contributes to adding extra workload to the management station. The amount of data that must be handled and processed by only one administration point could lead to a situation where there is not enough processing and storage power to carry out an efficient job. In this work we present an alternative approach by creating a highly distributed computing environment through the use of Grids of autonomous agents to analyze large amounts of data, which reduce the processing costs by optimizing the load distribution and resource utilization. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A Comprehensive Analysis of Permission MarketingJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2001Sandeep Krishnamurthy Godin (1999) has proposed a new idea-permission marketing. Here, consumers provide marketers with the permission to send them certain types of promotional messages. This is seen as reducing clutter and search costs for the consumer while improving targeting precision for marketers. This paper makes three contributions: First, a critical analysis of the concept and its relationship to existing ideas in the marketing literature is discussed. Second, a taxonomy of four models used to implement permission marketing today, direct relationship maintenance, permission partnership, ad market and permission pool, is presented. Permission intensity is seen as a key differentiator among models. Finally, a comprehensive conceptual cost-benefit framework is presented that captures the consumer experience in permission marketing programs. Consumer interest is seen as the key dependent variable that influences the degree of participation. Consumer interest is positively affected by message relevance and monetary benefit and negatively affected by information entry/modification costs, message processing costs and privacy costs. Based on this framework, several empirically testable propositions are identified. [source] Impacts of alternative marketing agreement cattle procurement on packer costs, gross margins, and profits: evidence from plant-level profit and loss dataAGRIBUSINESS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Stephen R. Koontz This work measures the impact of captive supplies, or cattle procured through alternative marketing agreements (AMAs), on meatpacker costs, gross margins, and profits. Confidential profit and loss data were examined from all the individual packing plants within the four largest packing firms for a 30-month period. Alternative marketing agreement use resulted in improved beef supply chain efficiency, product demand, and plant profitability. The slaughter and processing costs were lower for plants with higher volumes of AMA cattle relative to cash market cattle. Plants that slaughter cattle from AMA sources operated at higher volumes, had less variable volumes, and had lower average total costs per head because of the substantive economies of size. Plants that slaughter cattle from AMA sources also had higher gross margins and average profits per head. The general conclusion is clear: If policies are implemented that limit AMA use then packing industry efficiency would be negatively impacted. [EconLit Citation: Q130]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Consumer Awareness and Willingness to Pay for High-Pressure Processing of Ready-to-Eat FoodJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 2 2009Doris T. Hicks ABSTRACT:, Commercial, nonthermal processing of food, such as high hydrostatic-pressure processing (HPP), has increased. The safety and quality of foods produced by HPP has not been well communicated to the public. An online, nationwide consumer survey was implemented to assess awareness of alternative food processing technologies, consumer food safety attitudes and knowledge, and willingness to pay (WTP) for HPP products. The consumer survey was administered by ZoomerangÔ, an online survey clearinghouse. The survey was completed by 1204 adults. Frequencies and crosstabs were calculated on Zoomerang and SPSS used for one-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses. The survey assessed knowledge of HPP, attitudes about new food processing techniques, WTP for HPP foods and demographics. Overall, many demographic characteristics reflected U.S. census population. While traditional methods, that is, canning, freezing, and microwaving were all well recognized by over 80% of respondents, only 8% recognized HPP. Trends indicated an increase in age, education, and income reflected greater food safety knowledge. Regardless of demographics, no survey respondent exhibited knowledge mastery (80%). Given an explanation of HPP and its benefits, 39% of respondents indicated they would be WTP an additional cost, with higher income and education having the most impact. Majority of respondents indicated a WTP of $0.25 to $0.50 regardless of the value of the food product. More respondents were WTP slightly more for a more expensive product. New technologies often encounter a stumbling block in consumer acceptance and processing costs. A consumer's WTP, once they were informed, could encourage industry to look favorably on this technology. [source] Coproduction of ethanol and power from switchgrassBIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 2 2009Mark Laser Abstract Three process designs for producing ethanol and electricity from switchgrass are evaluated: a base-case technology scenario involving dilute acid pre-treatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and two mature technology scenarios incorporating ammonia fiber expansion pre-treatment and consolidated bioprocessing , one with conventional Rankine power coproduction, and one coproducing power via a gas turbine combined cycle. Material and energy balances , resulting from detailed Aspen Plus models , are reported and used to estimate processing costs and perform discounted cash flow analysis to assess plant profitability. The mature technology ,designs significantly improve both process efficiency and cost relative to base-case cellulosic ethanol technology, with the resulting fossil fuel displacement being decidedly positive and production costs competitive with gasoline, even at relatively low prices. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Projected mature technology scenarios for conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol with coproduction thermochemical fuels, power, and/or animal feed proteinBIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 2 2009Mark Laser Abstract Seven process designs for producing ethanol and several coproducts from switchgrass are evaluated: four involving combinations of ethanol, thermochemical fuels (including Fischer-Tropsch liquids, hydrogen, and methane) and/or power, and three coproducing animal feed protein. Material and energy balances , resulting from detailed Aspen Plus models , are reported and used to estimate processing costs and perform discounted cash flow analysis to assess plant profitability. In these mature technology designs, fossil fuel displacement is decidedly positive and production costs competitive with gasoline. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] | ||||||||||