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Process Options (process + option)

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Chemistry100%

Selected Abstracts

Absorber intercooling in CO2 absorption by piperazine-promoted potassium carbonate

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010
Jorge M. Plaza
Abstract Intercooling was evaluated as a process option in CO2 absorption by piperazine (PZ) promoted potassium carbonate. The system performance with 4.5 m K+/4.5 m PZ was simulated by a model in Aspen Plus® RateSepÔ. The absorber was evaluated for use with a double matrix stripper by optimizing the position of the semilean feed and intercooling stages to maximize CO2 removal. Additionally, a simple absorber system was modeled to observe the effect of intercooling on systems with variable CO2 lean loading. Intercooling increases CO2 removal by as much as 10% with the double matrix configuration. With a simple absorber, the effectiveness of intercooling depends on solvent rate. Near a critical liquid/gas ratio (L/G) there is a large improvement with intercooling. This is related to the position of the temperature bulge. An approximation is proposed to estimate the critical L/G where intercooling may maximize removal. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010 [source]

An exergy calculator tool for process simulation

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2007
Juan M. Montelongo-Luna
Abstract The constant tightening of environmental regulations and the ongoing need to reduce operating costs have posed a challenge for the design of any chemical process. Process engineers use process simulators to help them perform calculations that will, ultimately, result in design parameters or operating conditions for a plant or process. Exergy is a potential indicator that can aid in the design of energy efficient chemical processes and plants. The exergy concept has been increasingly used as a tool to locate the critical energy use in many industrial processes, both chemical and non-chemical. However, currently most process simulators in the market do not offer the capability of calculating the exergy of a process. An open-source exergy calculator has been created by embedding the calculation procedure in an open-source chemical process simulator. This improves process simulation by including a potential tool for design teams to quickly evaluate several process options in detail in order to understand their energy utilisation. A simple exergy analysis for a gas processing facility is used to demonstrate the capabilities of the tool. The analysis shows where the largest quantities of exergy are being consumed within the plant, thus pointing to areas where improvement in energy usage can be made. The use of exergy as a potential design and retrofit tool is also discussed. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Aluminium production options with a focus on the use of a hydrogen anode: a review

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2007
Sankar Namboothiri
Abstract The Hall,Héroult process for the production of aluminium uses a consumable carbon anode. Owing to the environmental effects of the consumable carbon anodes, the primary aluminium industry is under increasing pressure to improve on the Hall,Héroult process to make it more environmentally friendly. Inert anodes would provide a major technical revolution, as they may yield significant cost, energy and environmental benefits. However, no fully acceptable inert anode material has been developed to date. Other alternative technologies had been investigated and tested, but with little success so far. The use of a hydrogen anode for the production of aluminium is an interesting concept, as it will have the same reversible voltage as a carbon anode in a conventional Hall,Héroult cell, and it will considerably reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reviews the various process options for aluminium electrowinning with a focus on the application of hydrogen anode in aluminium electrowinning. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Electrochemical Processing of Carbon Dioxide

CHEMSUSCHEM CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABILITY, ENERGY & MATERIALS, Issue 5 2008
Colin Oloman Prof.
Abstract With respect to the negative role of carbon dioxide on our climate, it is clear that the time is ripe for the development of processes that convert CO2 into useful products. The electroreduction of CO2 is a prime candidate here, as the reaction at near-ambient conditions can yield organics such as formic acid, methanol, and methane. Recent laboratory work on the 100,A scale has shown that reduction of CO2 to formate (HCO2,) may be carried out in a trickle-bed continuous electrochemical reactor under industrially viable conditions. Presuming the problems of cathode stability and formate crossover can be overcome, this type of reactor is proposed as the basis for a commercial operation. The viability of corresponding processes for electrosynthesis of formate salts and/or formic acid from CO2 is examined here through conceptual flowsheets for two process options, each converting CO2 at the rate of 100,tonnes per day. [source]