Process Knowledge (process + knowledge)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


The integration of work process knowledge into human resources development

HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 4 2005
Martin Fischer
In this contribution the relationship between work process knowledge and human resources development is discussed. The concept of work process knowledge is described as it evolved as an outcome of a research network involving research institutions from 10 European countries (N. C. Boreham, R. Samurçay, & M. Fischer, 2002). Historical origins of the concept are mentioned and different dimensions of work process knowledge are depicted as a topic of ongoing research. How work process knowledge is considered within current research activities focusing on measures of organizational learning is also defined. In this respect, research results from the European research project OrgLearn ("Ways of Organisational Learning in the Chemical Industry and Their Impact on Vocational Education and Training," funded under the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Union and coordinated by the author) are reported. Finally, the implications of the concept of work process knowledge are discussed, which have become apparent in recent developments within vocational education and training in Germany. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 369,384, 2005. [source]


Great Galway Goslings: Organizational Context of Managerial Accounting,

ACCOUNTING PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2009
Wagdy Abdallah
ABSTRACT This case seeks to enhance student understanding of the relationship between accounting information and the order fulfllment and production activities of a manufacturing frm, Great Galway Goslings. Great Galway Goslings manufactures goose sculptures and has been suffering losses in recent years. Students draw on the skills they learned in financial accounting to analyze the company's order fulfllment activities, identify economic transactions, and prepare journal entries. The case provides a link to managerial accounting topics as students use segment financial statements to create contribution margin income statements, perform break-even analyses, and recommend whether Great Galway Goslings should keep its retail business segment. Students will become familiar with the key features of business process management (BPM) and the extensive, real-world activities that a manufacturing entity engages in to fll an order. Students will analyze the company's existing order fulfllment process and apply their knowledge of BPM to recommend process improvements for Great Galway. This case contributes to the accounting case literature by serving as a bridge from financial accounting to managerial accounting, intertwining many topics from managerial accounting into one cohesive case, and providing real-world business process knowledge. Student feedback indicates that, overall, the case met its stated learning objectives. Great Galway Goslings is appropriate for an undergraduate introductory managerial accounting course but can be adapted to the equivalent graduate-level course or an accounting information systems course. [source]


Towards a distinctive body of knowledge for Information Systems experts: coding ISD process knowledge in two IS journals

INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 4 2004
Juhani Iivari
Abstract., This paper introduces the idea of coding a practically relevant body of knowledge (BoK) in Information Systems (IS) that could have major benefits for the field. In its main part, the paper focuses on the question if and how an underlying body of action-oriented knowledge for IS experts could be distilled from the IS research literature. For this purpose the paper identifies five knowledge areas as the most important parts for an IS expert's BoK. Two of these are claimed as distinct areas of competence for IS experts: IS application knowledge and IS development (ISD) process knowledge. The paper focuses particularly on ISD process knowledge because it allows the organizing of practically relevant IS knowledge in an action-oriented way. The paper presents some evidence for the claim that a considerable body of practically relevant IS process knowledge might, indeed, exist, but also notes that it is highly dispersed in the IS literature. It then argues that the IS research community should take stock of this knowledge and organize it in an action-oriented way. Based on results from prior work it proposes a four-level hierarchical coding scheme for this purpose. In order to test the idea of coding action-oriented knowledge for IS experts, the paper reports the results of a coded literature analysis of ISD research articles published from 1996 to 2000 in two leading IS journals , Information Systems Journal and MIS Quarterly. The results suggest that ISD approaches form a useful framework for organizing practically relevant IS knowledge. [source]


Constrained process monitoring: Moving-horizon approach

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002
Christopher V. Rao
Moving-horizon estimation (MHE) is an optimization-based strategy for process monitoring and state estimation. One may view MHE as an extension for Kalman filtering for constrained and nonlinear processes. MHE, therefore, subsumes both Kalman and extended Kalman filtering. In addition, MHE allows one to include constraints in the estimation problem. One can significantly improve the quality of state estimates for certain problems by incorporating prior knowledge in the form of inequality constraints. Inequality constraints provide a flexible tool for complementing process knowledge. One also may use inequality constraints as a strategy for model simplification. The ability to include constraints and nonlinear dynamics is what distinguishes MHE from other estimation strategies. Both the practical and theoretical issues related to MHE are discussed. Using a series of example monitoring problems, the practical advantages of MHE are illustrated by demonstrating how the addition of constraints can improve and simplify the process monitoring problem. [source]


Quality-by-Design (QbD): An integrated process analytical technology (PAT) approach for real-time monitoring and mapping the state of a pharmaceutical coprecipitation process,

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2010
Huiquan Wu
Abstract In this work, an integrated PAT approach was developed for monitoring a pharmaceutical (naproxen) and a polymer (eudragit) coprecipitation process: real-time in-line near-infrared (NIR) absorbance monitoring, real-time on-line turbidity monitoring, and in situ crystal size monitoring. The data and information obtained through these three monitoring techniques confirmed the observation of the onsets of three distinct stages: incubation, nucleation, and crystal growth. The process trajectory constructed based on results of applying principal component analysis (PCA) to either process NIR spectra data or process turbidity profile, clearly demonstrated that various distinguishable process events, including incubation, nucleation, and crystal growth, could be accurately tracked and differentiated. These findings were further supported by process knowledge and information, such as process design, process sequence, thermodynamic and mass-transfer analysis. Therefore, this work provides a case study that illustrated a rational approach to develop a science-based and knowledge-based process monitoring strategy, which is essential for establishing both a suitable process control strategy and an operational process space for a pharmaceutical unit operation. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99: 1516,1534, 2010 [source]


Characteristics of professional development that effect change in secondary science teachers' classroom practices

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 6 2005
Bobby Jeanpierre
We studied the outcome of a professional development opportunity that consisted of 2-week-long resident institutes for teams consisting of a secondary science teacher and two students. The science content of the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded professional development institute was monarch butterfly ecology. The first institute took place in Minnesota during the summer, and the second in Texas during the fall. Staff scientists provided intense instruction in inquiry, with numerous opportunities for participants to conduct short inquiry-based research projects. Careful attention was paid to introducing each step of the full inquiry process, from asking questions to presenting research findings. All participants conducted independent team full inquiry projects between the two institutes. Project findings show that the number of teachers providing opportunities for their students to conduct full inquiry increased significantly after their participation. A mixed-methodology analysis that included qualitative and quantitative data from numerous sources, and case studies of 20 teachers, revealed that the characteristics of the program that helped teachers successfully translate inquiry to their classrooms were: deep science content and process knowledge with numerous opportunities for practice; the requirement that teachers demonstrate competence in a tangible and assessable way; and providers with high expectations for learning and the capability to facilitate multifaceted inquiry experiences. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


Metrics collection for process knowledge,a practitioners' guide

KNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 2 2006
Ray Dawson
This paper describes a number of experiences of gathering metrics to supply the knowledge needed for decision making and process management in an industrial environment. The experiences are summarised as guidelines in the form of a list of ,Do's and ,Do not's for collecting and using metrics for this purpose. While the paper is clearly anecdotal in nature, these guidelines should, nevertheless, allow other managers to draw on the experience of the authors to put a successful metrics programme in place to provide knowledge for decision making and process improvement. The paper concludes, however, that there are limitations that exist for metrics programmes implemented, even if the guidelines are followed. The metrics cannot always offer evidence that any particular action or technique has given a better project management methodology. However, when used with other investigations they can give a better knowledge and understanding of processes that should enable more effective management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Inter-firm sharing of process knowledge: exploring knowledge markets

KNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2002
David G. Bell
Markets and communities are two modalities of knowledge exchange between firms; and this study concludes with a model that addresses the tension between the two modalities. The model resulted from an exploratory study conducted under the umbrella of a national consortium, using the methodology of participatory action research. The study involved three large multinational firms, where one firm supplied knowledge of three different processes used in product development to two other non-competitive firms outside their supply chain. The knowledge was shared within the framework of an intervention that included the following: (1) individual work with process-related course materials via the web or compact disc, followed by (2) interactive group sessions supported by videoconference facilities and led by a process expert from the supplying firm. Empirical data were gathered by interviewing participants before and after the intervention, and by observing interactive group sessions. Findings from the empirical data describe rationales for inter-firm sharing of process knowledge, which illustrate a market modality of exchange; and describe practices for effective knowledge sharing, which illustrate aspects of a community modality of exchange. The model induced from these findings compares the situational setting, constellation of meanings and associated knowledge sharing practices for both modalities of exchange: market and community. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Application of Multivariate Data Analysis for Identification and Successful Resolution of a Root Cause for a Bioprocessing Application

BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 3 2008
Alime Ozlem Kirdar
Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA) can be used for supporting key activities required for successful bioprocessing. These activities include process characterization, process scale-up, process monitoring, fault diagnosis and root cause analysis. This paper examines an application of MVDA towards root cause analysis for identifying scale-up differences and parameter interactions that adversely impact cell culture process performance. Multivariate data analysis and modeling were performed using data from small-scale (2 L), pilot-scale (2,000 L) and commercial-scale (15,000 L) batches. The input parameters examined included bioreactor pCO2, glucose, lactate, ammonium, raw materials and seed inocula. The output parameters included product attributes, product titer, viable cell density, cell viability and osmolality. Time course performance variables (daily, initial, peak and end point) were also evaluated. Application of MVDA as a diagnostic tool was successful in identifying the root cause and designing experimental conditions to demonstrate and correct it. Process parameters and their interactions that adversely impact cell culture performance and product attributes were successfully identified. MVDA was successfully used as an effective tool for collating process knowledge and increasing process understanding. [source]