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Proximal Oesophagus (proximal + oesophagus)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	66%

Selected Abstracts

Gross Morphology of the Intra-Oral rhamphotheca, Oropharynx and Proximal Oesophagus of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 3 2010
M. R. Crole
With 5 figures Summary Information on the gross morphology of the upper digestive tract of ratites is sparse. This is an important region considering that it is the first area for food selection and intake which is vital to the nutrition and growth of the animal and therefore its commercial viability. Twenty-three heads from sub-adult (12,14 months) emus were used to provide a definitive description of the oropharynx and proximal oesophagus. Besides supplying baseline morphological data of veterinary importance, this study also underlines the functional importance of this region. The mandibular and maxillary nails, and serrations on the rostral mandibular tomia, provide the emu with a formidable combination of gripping, tearing and pecking power. The folded oropharyngeal floor allows distention of the dorso-ventrally flattened cavity during eating and drinking. The laryngeal mound performs both respiratory and digestive functions, whereas the distensible proximal oesophagus supports the particular feeding method employed by ratites. [source]

Proximal oesophagus: the added value in understanding GORD symptoms

NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 8 2009
M. Cicala
Abstract, Over the past decade, the approach to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms has changed, and growing evidence now supports the concept that visceral hyper-sensitivity to intra-oesophageal stimuli plays a major role. Among the recent advances, one of the more consistent findings is that the contact of the refluxate, either acidic or weakly acidic, with the proximal oesophageal mucosa, is a main determinant of GORD symptoms, particularly in the large majority of patients affected by non-erosive reflux disease. The data reported in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility by Bredenoord et al., showing only a small proportion of proximal reflux in patients with Barrett's oesophagus, who are less sensitive to gastro-oesophageal reflux, further support the consistency of this finding in the pathogenesis of symptoms. In the light of these results, we shall look forward, in the management of patients, to approaches aimed at restoring the antireflux barrier, hopefully decreasing the amount of reflux and, in turn, its proximal extent. [source]

Primary malignant melanoma in the oesophagus of a foal

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 8 2010
S. S. Caston
Summary A 2-month-old filly was evaluated for severe colic. Ultrasound, abdominocentesis and physical examination findings prompted an abdominal exploratory surgery. Perforation of the stomach was discovered during the surgery. The filly was humanely subjected to euthanasia under anaesthesia and post mortem examination was performed. In addition to gastric and duodenal ulceration, a thickened, black area of the proximal oesophagus was discovered. Histopathology of the lesion revealed primary malignant melanoma. Although rare, primary melanoma can occur in noncutaneous locations. [source]

Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism in a human model of visceral hypersensitivity

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2007
R. P. WILLERT
Summary Background Substance P acting via the neurokinin-1 receptor is involved in the development of hyperalgesia, although studies using neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RA) in human somatic pain have been disappointing. Aim To evaluate whether Substance P is involved in the development of human visceral pain/hyperalgesia using a selective NK-1RA. Methods Using a validated human model of acid-induced oesophageal allodynia, pain thresholds to electrical stimulation (mA) were measured in the proximal oesophagus and the foot (somatic control), pre- and for 4 h postdistal oesophageal acid in 14 healthy subjects, using a double-blind, randomized, two-period, crossover study. Measurements were taken on the third day of dosing with either an oral NK-1RA or matching placebo, with 2 weeks washout between periods. Results Baseline pain threshold did not differ between treatments (proximal oesophagus 37 ± 7.4 mA NK-1RA vs. 38 ± 10.1 placebo P = 0.81, foot 40 ± 15 mA NK-1RA vs. 38 ± 14 placebo P = 0.68). NK-1RA did not attenuate the reduction in pain threshold in the proximal oesophagus postacid infusion (AUC,394 ± 279 NK-1RA vs. ,262 ± 397 placebo P = 0.54). Conclusions The lack of effect of NK-1RA on oesophageal pain threshold in our model does not support a role for Substance P in the development of acid-induced oesophageal allodynia. [source]

Effect of hiatal hernia on proximal oesophageal acid clearance in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 6 2006
S. EMERENZIANI
Summary Background Proximal acid reflux is common in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and is a determinant of symptoms. Patients with hiatal hernia complain of more symptoms than those without and are less responsive to proton-pump inhibitors. Aim To evaluate the role of hiatal hernia on spatiotemporal characteristics of acid reflux. Methods Thirty seven consecutive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients underwent endoscopy, videofluoroscopy, manometry and multichannel 24-h pH test. Data were compared with those of 15 asymptomatic controls. Multivariate linear regression was used for statistical analysis. Results At videofluoroscopy, hiatal hernia was found in 16 of 37 patients. The mean size of hiatal hernia was 3.4 cm. Patients showed significantly prolonged acid clearance time, both at proximal and distal oesophagus, compared with controls. Hiatal hernia patients showed a significantly delayed acid clearance, along the oesophageal body, compared with non-hiatal hernia patients. The prolonged acid exposure was maintained during upright and supine position. The presence of hiatal hernia significantly predicted acid clearance delay in the distal and proximal oesophagus [at 10 cm below upper oesophageal sphincter: , + 2.5 min (95% confidence interval: 0.4,4.5); P < 0.02]. Conclusions The presence of hiatal hernia is a strong predictor of more prolonged proximal oesophageal acid exposure and clearance. Hiatal hernia is likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms, and should be taken into greater consideration in the treatment strategies of the disease. [source]

Gross Morphology of the Intra-Oral rhamphotheca, Oropharynx and Proximal Oesophagus of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

Assessment of respiratory symptoms with dual pH monitoring in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 7 2004
W. K. H. Kauer
Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a commonly underestimated aetiological factor in patients with respiratory symptoms. In this study, acid reflux in healthy volunteers and patients with GORD with and without respiratory symptoms was investigated by dual pH monitoring. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers and 43 patients with GORD underwent oesophageal manometry and dual pH monitoring with one probe in the proximal and one in the distal oesophagus. Nineteen of the 43 patients complained of respiratory symptoms. Results: There were no differences in proximal probe measurements between volunteers and patients without respiratory symptoms. Patients with GORD and respiratory symptoms had a higher prevalence of abnormally high exposure to gastric juice and more reflux episodes in the proximal oesophagus compared with patients with GORD and no respiratory symptoms. Some 17 of 19 patients with GORD and respiratory symptoms showed deteriorated oesophageal body motility. Conclusion: Dual pH monitoring is feasible and well tolerated, and provides an objective means of evaluating patients with GORD and respiratory symptoms. Prolonged exposure of the proximal oesophagus to gastric juice and disorders of oesophageal body motility seem to be responsible for the development of respiratory symptoms. Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Eosinophil infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa in patients with pollen allergy during the season

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 11 2005
K. Onbasi
Summary Background The oesophagus is normally devoid of eosinophils. There are some disorders accompanying with eosinophil infiltration. Food allergy has been reported as a common reason, especially in children but some other studies have also indicated that aeroallergens might have a role in oesophageal eosinophil accumulation. Objective In this study we investigated whether there is any eosinophil recruitment in the oesophagus of pollen-allergic patients who had respiratory symptoms during the season. Methods Thirty-eight symptomatic patients (allergic rhinitis (AR) with or without asthma) who had sensitization to grass pollen were included in the study during the pollen season. Controls were composed of 25 healthy non-atopics and 24 patients diagnosed as having gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Reflux was excluded in allergic and non-atopic groups, whereas the presence of allergy was eliminated in control groups. Gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed in all participants, and biopsy specimens were taken from both the proximal and the distal oesophagus to evaluate eosinophil accumulation. At the same time, blood eosinophil numbers were counted. Results Oesophageal eosinophil accumulation was found in 10 allergic patients (26%) and in five patients (21%) with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease but none of the healthy controls had eosinophils (0%) (P<0.05). Blood eosinophils were higher in these 10 patients than the rest of the 28 patients without infiltration. In this group, blood eosinophils were also correlated with the number of accumulated eosinophils in the oesophagus (P<0.001). There was more intense eosinophil infiltration at the distal part of the oesophagus in the reflux group when compared with the allergic group (mean 7.6±5.6 vs. 3.2±3.7). Nevertheless, eosinophils were found to be concentrated (mean 5.5±7.3) in the proximal oesophagus of allergic patients, although it was 1.7±1.5 in reflux patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Our results showed that eosinophil infiltration might be observed in oesophageal tissue of patients with respiratory tract allergy during the symptomatic period. This finding may possibly reflect the systemic and common mucosal aspects of allergic inflammation. [source]