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Prospects
Kinds of Prospects Terms modified by Prospects Selected AbstractsThe systematic assessment of depressed elderly primary care patientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 6 2001Patrick J. Raue Abstract Studies of the primary care treatment of depressed elderly patients are constrained by limited time and space and by subject burden. Research assessments must balance these constraints with the need for obtaining clinically meaningful information. Due to the wide-ranging impact of depression, assessments should also focus on suicidality, hopelessness, substance abuse, anxiety, cognitive functioning, medical comorbidity, functional disability, social support, personality, service use and satisfaction with services. This paper describes considerations concerning the assessment selection process for primary care studies, using the PROSPECT (Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial) study as an example. Strategies are discussed for ensuring that data are complete, valid and reliable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Bridging therapy in patients on long-term oral anticoagulants who require surgery: the Prospective Peri-operative Enoxaparin Cohort Trial (PROSPECT)JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 11 2007A. S. DUNN Summary., Background:, The peri-operative management of patients on oral anticoagulants (OACs) is a common clinical problem. Our aim was to determine the incidence of major bleeding during peri-operative administration of treatment-dose enoxaparin and the impact of the extensiveness of the procedure on the risk of bleeding. Methods:, We performed a prospective cohort study of 260 patients at 24 North American sites on OACs for atrial fibrillation or a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) requiring invasive or surgical procedures whose treating physician felt that bridging therapy was required. Warfarin was withheld, and once-daily s.c. enoxaparin (1.5 mg kg,1) was given peri-operatively. Patients were followed for 28 days after OAC was therapeutic. Results:, Major bleeding was observed in nine of 260 patients (3.5%, 95% CI: 1.6,6.5). The bleeding risk varied markedly by extensiveness of procedure: the incidence of major bleeding for invasive procedures, minor surgery and major surgery was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.02,3.7), 0% (95% CI: 0,5.0), and 20.0% (95% CI: 9.1,35.7), respectively. There were five thromboembolic events in total (1.9%, 95% CI: 0.6,4.4). There were four arterial events (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.6,5.7) in 176 patients with atrial fibrillation, and one venous event (1.0%, 95% CI: 0.03,5.7) in 96 patients with prior DVT. Conclusions:, Bridging therapy with once-daily therapeutic-dose enoxaparin administered primarily in an outpatient setting has a low incidence of major bleeding for patients undergoing invasive procedures and minor surgery. Further studies are needed to optimize the bridging strategy for patients undergoing major surgery. [source] PROSPECT lost: when a pilot project does not look to learnPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2008Michael Mattingly Abstract If a development project is destined to reach only a selection of its intended beneficiaries or to give them only momentary or uncertain benefits, there is a strong rationale for making it instead a project of trials from which lessons can be taken for obtaining the impact that it may not otherwise have. Because the fundamental problems and opportunities of development are very complex by their nature, interventions that seek to test practice knowledge and to learn above all else may have the greatest potential for benefit in the long term. A project that wishes to create experience from which others can learn will engage in research, so it must be conceived, led and conducted as such. This means it must be designed with knowledge of research. It must be led with an appreciation and understanding of research method. Specific research activities must be conducted that produce knowledge and promote its up-take, so that learning is a principle project outcome. The large urban anti-poverty project, PROSPECT, conducted in Lusaka, Zambia, illustrates this argument. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ALTERNATIVE VOTE: THE PROSPECTS FOR LIBERTYECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2010John Meadowcroft No abstract is available for this article. [source] PROSPECTS FOR SKEPTICAL FOUNDATIONALISMMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2007SCOTT F. AIKIN Abstract: Properly understood, foundationalism as a meta-epistemic theory is consistent with skepticism. This article outlines five possible points of overlap between the two views, and shows that arguments against foundationalism posited on its inability to refute skepticism are improperly framed. [source] INDUSTRY PROSPECTS AND ACQUIRER RETURNS IN DIVERSIFYING TAKEOVERSTHE JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Husayn Shahrur Abstract We use a sample of 816 diversifying takeovers from 1978 to 2003 to examine whether takeover announcements release negative information about the future prospects of the acquirer's main industry. We find that rivals that are most similar to the acquirer (homogeneous rivals) experience significant negative cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) around takeover announcements. Takeovers that result in negative wealth effects to acquirers are associated with negative abnormal revisions in analysts' forecasts of homogeneous rivals' earnings per share. We also find a decline in the posttakeover operating performance of rival firms. The decline is especially pronounced for homogeneous rivals and for takeovers with negative wealth effects to acquirers. Our findings imply that CAR-based estimates of acquirer wealth gains from takeovers that do not account for industrywide information releases are significantly biased downward. [source] EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONTEXTUALISM: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTSTHE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 219 2005Michael Brady Epistemological contextualism has become one of the most important and widely discussed new proposals in the theory of knowledge. This special issue contributes to the debate by bringing together some of the main participants to provide a state-of-the-art discussion of the proposal. Here we offer a brief overview of the contextualist position, describe some of the main lines of criticism that have been levelled against the view, and present a summary of each of the contributions to this collection. [source] PROSPECTS FOR ,CLOSING THE GAP' IN SOCIOECONOMIC OUTCOMES FOR INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS?AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Jon C. Altman Australia; aborigines; closing the gap; long-run social and economic change; Torres Strait islanders Practical reconciliation' and more recently ,closing the gap' have been put forward as frameworks on which to base and evaluate policies to address Indigenous disadvantage. This paper analyses national-level census-based data to examine trends in Indigenous wellbeing since 1971. There has been steady improvement in most socioeconomic outcomes in the last 35 years; a finding at odds with the current discourse of failure. Evidence of convergence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous outcomes, however, is not consistent. For some outcomes, relatively rapid convergence is predicted (within 25 years), but for the majority of outcomes, convergence is unlikely to occur within a generation, if at all. [source] Family Farms: Survival and Prospect.GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009A World-wide Analysis No abstract is available for this article. [source] Long-term Hydrological Forecasting in Cold Regions: Retrospect, Current Status and ProspectGEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2009Alexander N. Gelfan The influence of long-term snow accumulation on the runoff conditions several months afterwards is a distinct hydrological characteristic of cold regions, which creates opportunities for long-term (seasonal and subseasonal) hydrological forecasting in these regions. We consider evolution of the long-term forecasting approaches from the deterministic data-based index methods to the hydrological model-based ensemble approaches. Of key interest in this review are the methods developed and used in operational practice in Russia and in the USA, with the emphasis being placed on the methods used in Russia, which may be less familiar to international hydrological society. Following a description of the historical context, we review recent developments that place emphasis on problems relating to the uncertainty of the weather conditions for the lead time of the forecast. We conclude with a personal view of the prospects for the future development of long-term hydrological forecasting techniques. [source] Science World, High School Girls, and the Prospect of Scientific Careers, 1957-1963HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2006Sevan G. Terzian First page of article [source] Present Status of Energy Saving Technologies and Future Prospect in White LED LightingIEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2008Tsunemasa Taguchi Member Abstract This paper describes the present status and future prospects on the efficient energy-saving lighting system based on white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technologies. Three types of white LEDs are introduced in terms of the fundamental lighting properties which are related to the improvement in luminous efficacy and color rendering. Practical applications using the efficient white LED lighting system are demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Qadhafi's Libya and the Prospect of Islamic SuccessionMIDDLE EAST POLICY, Issue 2 2000Ray Takeyh [source] Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human ProspectAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2002Robert W. Sussman Human Natures: Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect. Paul R. Ehrlich. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2000. 31 pp. [source] Round Table on "Fire, Water, Earth, and Sky: Global Systems History and the Human Prospect": An IntroductionTHE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Peter A. CoclanisArticle first published online: 2 SEP 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Fire, Water, Earth, and Sky: Global Systems History and the Human ProspectTHE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Issue 3 2010Alan T. Wood First page of article [source] The Lansdowne "Peace Letter" of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with GermanyAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 1 2002Douglas Newton In late November 1917, Lord Lansdowne, one of the most senior of British Unionist politicians, wrote a letter to the editor of the Daily Telegraph. The letter asked for the war aims of the Entente and the USA to be "coordinated" and suggested that a moderate revision of war aims might bring a negotiated peace nearer. The letter appeared to ally Lansdowne with the British Radicals, who had been close to President Wilson (until April 1917), and had argued for a negotiated peace to end the war since the autumn of 1916. The letter was ferociously denounced by the Northcliffe press, and by many of Lansdowne's Unionist colleagues. It was supposedly a "plea for surrender" and "a national misfortune". Nevertheless, it touched off a series of new departures in the search for a negotiated settlement: House's visit to the inter Allied Conference in December, the Labour War Aims Memorandum, Lloyd George's Caxton Hall speech, Wilson's Fourteen Points Address, and the beginning of a public parley with the Central Powers in the replies of Hertling and Czernin in January 1918. The paper examines the possibilities for a negotiated peace during the winter of 1917,1918, that is, in the period between the publication of Lansdowne's famous letter and the sudden Versailles "Knockout Blow" Declaration of February 1918 which rejected out of hand any prospect of negotiation. The paper examines Wilson's ambiguous position in this debate, and in particular the evolution of moderate opinion inside Germany in reaction to these events. The paper suggests the unfortunate enfeeblement of moderate opinion in Germany in the face of the apparent triumph of "knockout blow" opinion in the Entente camp. [source] The British Journal of Industrial Relations: Position and ProspectBRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2005Edmund Heery First page of article [source] No Longer "One of the Boys": Negotiations with Motherhood, as Prospect or Reality, among Women in Engineering*CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 2 2005GILLIAN RANSONArticle first published online: 23 JAN 200 La maternité est généralement considérée comme constituant un tournant dans la carrière des femmes professionnelles, particulièrement chez celles qui occupent des emplois à prédominance masculine. S'inspirant de la documentation dans le domaine des femmes et du travail non traditionnel, l'auteure de cet article tente d'expliquer la signification critique de la maternité, antieipée ou réelle, pour les femmes travaillant dans le domaine de l'ingénierie. Elle va au-delà des arguments plus conventionnels sur l'équilibre travail-famille en suggérant que les femmes entreprennent une carrière en génie non en tant que femmes, mais conceptuellement comme des hommes , un statut qu'elles peuvent trouver difficile à conserver en tant que mères. Le défi pour celles qui deviennent effectivement mères est alors de gérer la tension découlant de l'obligation d'équilibrer deux identités potentiellement incompatibles , celle de«mère» et celle d'« ingénieure ». Cette conception est étudiée empiriquement au moyen de données d'interviews de 37 femmes formées comme ingénieures. Motherhood is widely considered to be a watershed in the careers of professional women, particularly those working in male-dominated occupations. Building on the literature in the field of women and non-traditional work, this paper seeks to account for the critical significance of motherhood, either anticipated or actual, for women in engineering. The paper moves beyond more conventional work-family balance arguments in suggesting that women enter engineering not as women, but conceptually as men,a status that, as mothers, they may find difficult to maintain. The challenge for those who do become mothers, then, is to manage the tension of balancing two potentially incongruous identities,"mother" and "engineer." This view is explored empirically through interview data from 37 women trained as engineers. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lanthanide,Silicon Cluster Anions LnSin - (3 , n , 13; Ln: Ho, Gd, Pr, Sm, Eu, Yb): Prospect for Magnetic Silicon-Based Clusters.CHEMINFORM, Issue 44 2009Andrej Grubisic Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Prospects for diffusion enhancement of signal and resolution in magnetic resonance microscopyCONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 2 2003Charles H. Pennington Abstract The prospects for and practical requirements of the "diffusion enhancement of signal and resolution" (DESIRE) scheme proposed by Lauterbur as a method to enhance the sensitivity, spatial resolution, and contrast in magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy and localized MR spectroscopy is assessed. The method, which still has not been implemented, promises signal enhancements of 1,2 orders of magnitude in imaging or localized spectroscopy on the scale of ,10 microns and requires magnetic field gradient strengths (,10 T/m) that are not unreasonable. I emphasize the development of an understanding of the physical principles involved in this unfamiliar, "real-space" imaging method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 19A: 71,79, 2003. [source] Prospects of Congenital AnomaliesCONGENITAL ANOMALIES, Issue 4 2006Yoshihiro Tsutsui Editor-in-Chief No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Potential for Species Conservation in Tropical Secondary ForestsCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009ROBIN L. CHAZDON especialización de hábitat; biodiversidad forestal; bosque secundario; bosque tropical; sucesión Abstract:,In the wake of widespread loss of old-growth forests throughout the tropics, secondary forests will likely play a growing role in the conservation of forest biodiversity. We considered a complex hierarchy of factors that interact in space and time to determine the conservation potential of tropical secondary forests. Beyond the characteristics of local forest patches, spatial and temporal landscape dynamics influence the establishment, species composition, and persistence of secondary forests. Prospects for conservation of old-growth species in secondary forests are maximized in regions where the ratio of secondary to old-growth forest area is relatively low, older secondary forests have persisted, anthropogenic disturbance after abandonment is relatively low, seed-dispersing fauna are present, and old-growth forests are close to abandoned sites. The conservation value of a secondary forest is expected to increase over time, as species arriving from remaining old-growth forest patches accumulate. Many studies are poorly replicated, which limits robust assessments of the number and abundance of old-growth species present in secondary forests. Older secondary forests are not often studied and few long-term studies are conducted in secondary forests. Available data indicate that both old-growth and second-growth forests are important to the persistence of forest species in tropical, human-modified landscapes. Resumen:,A raíz de la pérdida generalizada de los bosques maduros en el trópico, los bosques secundarios probablemente jugarán un mayor papel en la conservación de la biodiversidad forestal. Consideramos una jerarquía compleja de factores que interactúan en el espacio y tiempo para determinar el potencial de conservación de los bosques tropicales secundarios. Más allá de las características de los fragmentos de bosque locales, la dinámica espacial y temporal del paisaje influye en el establecimiento, la composición de especies y la persistencia de bosques secundarios. Los prospectos para la conservación de especies primarias en los bosques secundarios se maximizan en regiones donde la proporción de superficie de bosque maduro-bosque secundario es relativamente baja, los bosques secundarios más viejos han persistido, la perturbación antropogénica después del abandono es relativamente baja, hay presencia de fauna dispersora de semillas y donde hay bosques primarios cerca de sitios abandonados. Se espera que el valor de conservación de un bosque secundario incremente en el tiempo, a medida que se acumulan especies provenientes de los fragmentos de bosque primario remanentes. Muchos estudios están pobremente replicados, lo que impide evaluaciones robustas del número y abundancia de especies primarias presentes en bosques secundarios. Los bosques secundarios más viejos generalmente no son estudiados y son pocos los estudios a largo plazo en bosques secundarios. Los datos disponibles indican que tanto los bosques primarios como los secundarios son importantes para la persistencia de especies forestales en paisajes tropicales modificados por humanos. [source] Conservation Alliances with Indigenous Peoples of the AmazonCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2005STEPHAN SCHWARTZMAN The future of Amazonian indigenous reserves is of strategic importance for the fate of biodiversity in the region. We examined the legislation governing resource use on indigenous lands and summarize the history of the Kayapo people's consolidation of their >100,000 km2 territory. Like many Amazonian indigenous peoples, the Kayapo have halted the expansion of the agricultural frontier on their lands but allow selective logging and gold mining. Prospects for long-term conservation and sustainability in these lands depend on indigenous peoples' understandings of their resource base and on available economic alternatives. Although forest conservation is not guaranteed by either tenure security or indigenous knowledge, indigenous societies' relatively egalitarian common-property resource management regimes,along with adequate incentives and long-term partnerships with conservation organizations,can achieve this result. Successful initiatives include Conservation International's long-term project with the A'ukre Kayapo village and incipient large-scale territorial monitoring and control in the Kayapo territory, and the Instituto SocioAmbiental (ISA) 15-year partnership with the peoples of the Xingu Indigenous Park, with projects centered on territorial monitoring and control, education, community organization, and economic alternatives. The recent agreement on ecological restoration of the Xingu River headwaters between ranchers and private companies, indigenous peoples, and environmentalists, brokered by ISA, marks the emergence of an indigenous and conservation alliance of sufficient cohesiveness and legitimacy to negotiate effectively at a regional scale. Resumen:,Las alianzas actuales entre indígenas y organizaciones de conservación en el Amazonas Brasileño han ayudado a obtener el reconocimiento oficial de ,1 millón de km2 en áreas indígenas. El futuro del as reservas indígenas amazónicas es de importancia estratégica para el futuro de la biodiversidad en la región. Examinamos la legislación que rige a la utilización de recursos en zonas indígenas y sintetizamos la historia de la consolidación del territorio > 100,000 km2 de la etnia Kayapo. Como muchos grupos Amazónicos, los Kayapo han detenido la expansión de la frontera agrícola en sus tierras pero permiten actividades madereras y mineras selectivas. Las perspectivas de conservación y sustentabilidad a largo plazo en estas tierras dependen del entendimiento de su base de recursos y de las alternativas económicas disponibles por parte de los grupos indígenas. A pesar de que ni la seguridad en la posesión ni el conocimiento indígena garantizan la conservación de los bosques, los regímenes indígenas de gestión de recursos de propiedad común relativamente igualitarios en conjunto con incentivos adecuados y asociaciones con organizaciones de conservación pueden obtener este resultado. Iniciativas exitosas incluyen el proyecto a largo plazo de Conservation International con el pueblo A'ukre Kayapo y el incipiente monitoreo y control territorial a gran escala en el territorio Kayapo y la asociación durante 15 años del Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) con habitantes del Parque Indígena Xingu, con proyectos enfocados al monitoreo y control territorial, a la educación, a la organización comunitaria y a alternativas económicas. El reciente acuerdo, negociado por ISA, entre rancheros y compañías privadas, grupos indígenas y ambientalistas para la restauración ecológica del Río Xingu marca el surgimiento de una alianza indígena y de conservación con la cohesión y legitimidad suficientes para negociar efectivamente a escala regional. [source] Prospects of a unified management systemCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2002Dr Tine Herreborg Jørgensen In this article, the trend among management systems towards a common structure and the inclusion of additional areas of corporate concern (quality, environment, occupational health and safety and social responsibility) is outlined. The article suggests that a large part of the work associated with implementing and maintaining standardized management systems can be rationalized by developing a ,unified system'. The unified system is proposed to consist of a common basic standard of general managerial methodology expandable with supplements, which are related to the specific areas of concern that the company could wish to include in their management system and possibly have certified. It is estimated that such a unified management system would contribute to synergy between the activities related to each area of concern, resulting in a more careful and efficient treatment of the increasing number of areas of concern. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment [source] The Return of Non-DAC Donors to Africa: New Prospects for African Development?DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 5 2008Peter Kragelund This article examines the consequences of the return to Africa of donors that are not members of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC). It categorises these donors according to form, content, size and modality of their aid. It finds that their return increases external financial flows, in particular to countries not targeted by DAC donors. Moreover, for some donors like China and India the flows are closely related to other financial flow s such as trade and investment. Furthermore, it finds that the return of non-DAC donors may conflict with plans to harmonise aid and may simultaneously raise transaction costs for recipients. [source] Growth, Poverty Reduction and Development Assistance in Asia: Options and ProspectsDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2006John Farrington This article examines a number of policy challenges and dilemmas arising from the pattern of growth and poverty reduction in Asia, central to which is the fact that growth and poverty reduction have been more rapid in Asia than in any other region in the last decade, and yet Asia still contains the majority of the world's poor. The article examines the record of achievement, possible future trends including emerging patterns of inequality, and likely future priorities for poverty-reduction policies. It assesses the role of official development assistance and suggests how it may evolve in future, in part linked with responses to a number of challenges shared between Asian and OECD countries, including energy supply, environmental issues including climate change, and financial stability. [source] Prospects and Challenges for Growth and Poverty Reduction in AsiaDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 2006John Humphrey The extent of poverty reduction in Asia by 2015 will depend upon two linked issues: sustaining the current rates of economic growth and avoiding increases in income inequality. Rapid growth over the past 15 years has itself created three challenges for its continuation: inadequate infrastructure; energy shortages and insecurity; and depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. The ways in which these problems are addressed will have impacts not only on growth but also on inequality, requiring policy interventions at multiple levels, having implications for governance at multiple levels, and involving the development of new partnerships within the region and beyond. [source] ,Prospects for microbeam radiation therapy of brain tumours in children'DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2009DN Slatkin MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Unsundered Net: Benedict XVI and the Prospects of EcumenismDIALOG, Issue 3 2005By Richard Schenk OP First page of article [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||