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Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Levels (pro-inflammatory + cytokine_level)
Selected AbstractsCytokine levels in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and long-term growth and neurodevelopmentACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010A Lodha Abstract Objective:, To investigate if circulating cytokines are related to growth and neurodevelopmental outcome following necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Study design:, Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured prospectively in 40 neonates and compared with neurodevelopmental outcome. Cytokine levels were measured at the onset of feeding intolerance (Group II, n = 17) or NEC (Group III, n = 10) and at weeks 2,3 in control infants (Group I, n = 13). Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at the age of 24,28 months. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests and Student t -test. Results:, Median birth weights (range) in groups I, II and III were 1120 (525,1564) g, 1068 (650,1937) g and 1145 (670,2833) g, and median gestational ages (range) were 28 (24,35) weeks 28 (24,35) weeks and 28 (25,37) weeks respectively. NEC occurred in 10 infants. Serum IL-6 (interleukin-6) was elevated in group III, (p = 0.03). Significant developmental delay was found in 12% of the infants in Group II and 20% of the infants in Group III, but no infant in group I. Five infants in group III with NEC (50%), had head ultrasound abnormalities. At 1 year of age, growth, weight and head circumference were significantly different in Group III, however, at two years of age, only height was significantly different, p < 0.02. Although there was wide variation, neonatal cytokine levels tended to be greater in the infants later found to have abnormal cognitive and psychomotor outcomes. Conclusion:, This study suggests that increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the poor growth and neurodevelopment associated with this high-risk population. [source] The effect of immunization on the response to P. gingivalis infection in mice is adjuvant-dependentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2005Yael Houri-Haddad Abstract Aim: Studies on vaccines against the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis have produced conflicting results, but no consideration has been given to the role of different adjuvants in these vaccines. We have previously shown that an intra-chamber challenge with heat-killed P. gingivalis was modified by immunization with different adjuvants. This study tested the hypothesis that different adjuvants in P. gingivalis vaccines would differentially modify the host response to a live P. gingivalis infection. Results: Using P. gingivalis -infected subcutaneous chambers in mice, we show that vaccination with P. gingivalis in alum attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels at the site of infection, while the vaccine containing incomplete Freund's adjuvant did the opposite. Although both vaccines induced a similar humoral IgG response, P. gingivalis -induced abscesses were significantly smaller in the alum-adjuvant group. Conclusions: The results suggest that the immune response and the resultant protection to a P. gingivalis infection, in P. gingivalis -vaccinated mice, are adjuvant-dependent. [source] Anesthesiologists at work: an increase in pro-inflammatory and Th2 cytokine production, and alterations in proliferative immune responsesACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 10 2006B. Beilin Background:, Anesthesiologists are a population at high risk of alcohol and drug abuse, depression, suicide, and psychiatric hospitalization. The impact of their working milieu on specific immune indices has scarcely been studied, and it is assumed that immune perturbations may contribute to some of the above risks. This study took advantage of an unplanned, 3-month long strike of anesthesiologists, and explored its relations to specific immune measures. Methods:, We assessed induced cytokine production and lymphocytes proliferative responses in blood samples taken from 10 anesthesiologists just before the strike and at its end, after a long period of markedly reduced workload. Results:, The results indicated that the proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were significantly lower at the end of the strike. At this time point, we observed a significant decrease in the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and IL1ra levels, and a significant increase in IL-2 production. A strong trend towards a decline in tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) levels was evident, while levels of IL-1, were unchanged. Conclusion:, These findings suggest that the working conditions of anesthesiologists are associated with specific immune alterations, including a shift towards a Th2 cytokines' dominance, and an elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine response. A reduced Th1 profile has been related to increased susceptibility to infections, and high pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were recently proposed as etiological factors in cardiovascular diseases and in depression. [source] Expression of MHC Class II, CD70, CD80, CD86 and pro-inflammatory cytokines is differentially regulated in oral epithelial cells following bacterial challengeMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2003D. C. Han Oral epithelium may play a regulatory role in local immune responses when interacting with bacteria. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of selected bacterial pathogens found in periodontal and endodontic infections on oral epithelial cells. Expression of cell surface molecules (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II, CD54, CD70, CD80 and CD86) and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1,, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-,) in response to selected bacterial challenge were examined on an immortalized oral epithelial cell line, HOK-18A and a skin epithelial cell line, HaCaT. Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces israelii, Fusobacterium nucleatum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or primary human periradicular exudate from a granuloma were co-cultured with epithelial cells for 4 or 24 h. Subsequently, cell surface expression of MHC Class II, CD54, CD70, CD80 and CD86, along with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were determined using flow cytometry, ELISA and RT-PCR. Results indicated that the selected oral bacteria have greater effects on oral versus skin epithelial cells. F. nucleatum increased MHC Class II and CD54 (ICAM-1) cell surface expression on HOK-18A and HaCaT cells. A. israelii also had enhancing effects on the expression of CD54 and MHC Class II. A. israelii and LPS induced a 2.8-fold (P < 0.001) and 4.4-fold (P < 0.005) TNF-, secretion, respectively, while F. nucleatum and LPS induced a 10-fold (P < 0.0004) and 6-fold (P < 0.01) IL-1, secretion, respectively by HOK-18A. Interestingly, CD70, CD80, and CD86 were generally decreased upon bacteria and LPS challenge on HOK-18A. The effects of increased MHC Class II and decreased CD70 were also evident with challenge of human periradicular exudate on HOK-18A. The implications of the study are unique in that oral epithelial cells may play both activating and inhibitory roles in the host immune response towards infection by oral bacteria. We introduce a concept of ,dormancy' where the differential expression of key cell surface antigens on oral epithelial cells may keep the recruited immune effector cells in a state of unresponsiveness, thus contributing to the long term quiescent period observed in many periodontal and endodontic lesions. [source] Inhaled corticosteroid therapy reduces cytokine levels in sputum from very preterm infants with chronic lung diseaseACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2009Rie Honda Abstract Aim: To evaluate the effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy and high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (oscillation) on preterm infants with chronic lung disease (CLD). Methods: Ten infants with CLD who received inhaled corticosteroid therapy were enrolled. Week 1 was defined as the first week of therapy. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, tumour necrosis factor-, (TNF-,), IL-1,, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12p70 in serial sputum specimens from the infants were determined using a cytometric bead array. Results: The sputum concentrations of IL-8 obtained from the infants during week 3,4 were significantly lower than those obtained before therapy and during week 1,2. The sputum concentrations of TNF-,, IL-6 and IL-10 during week 3,4 were significantly lower than the concetrations during week 1,2. The ratio of IL-8 levels during week 1,2 to those before therapy in infants who received oscillation (n = 4) was significantly lower than in those who received intermittent mandatory ventilation (n = 6). Conclusion: Inhaled corticosteroids may be associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in sputum from infants with CLD from 2 weeks after the start of therapy. Our further investigations suggest that therapy with oscillation modulated airway inflammation earlier than therapy with intermittent mandatory ventilation. [source] | ||||||||||