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Primary Dentition (primary + dentition)
Selected AbstractsLongitudinal Study of Non-cavitated Carious Lesion Progression in the Primary DentitionJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2006John J. Warren DDS Abstract Objectives: This study reports changes in non-cavitated tooth surface diagnoses after a 4-year period. Methods: Dental examinations were conducted for Iowa Fluoride Study cohort children who had non-cavitated lesions in the primary dentition and were also examined an average of 4 years later in the mixed dentition. Comparison of fluoride exposures, socioeconomic factors, and beverage consumption patterns were made between children who had lesions progress and those who did not. Results: Of 129 non-cavitated pit and fissure lesions in the first exams, 40 (31%) progressed to either frank decay or filled status, while among 132 non-cavitated smooth surface lesions, 7 (5%) were filled and none had frank decay in the second exam. No fluoride, socioeconomic status or beverage variables were significantly Associated with lesion progression. Conclusions: Non-cavitated smooth surface lesions rarely progressed in this age group, but nearly one-third of pit and fissure lesions progressed. [source] Multiple crown-root fractures in primary molars and a suspected subcondylar fracture following trauma: a report of a caseDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Zahra Tejani Injuries to the primary dentition are usually luxations and mandibular fractures rarely occur. With trauma sustained to the chin, the posterior primary teeth are at increased risk of trauma and mandibular fractures can occur. The case discussed is of a 4-year-old female who presented 2 weeks following dental trauma with multiple primary molar fractures and a possible subcondylar fracture. The need for a detailed examination is emphasized and the management of the case under general anaesthesia is described. [source] Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries.DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Abstract ,, Trauma to the primary dentition present special problems and the management is often different as compared with permanent teeth. An appropriate emergency treatment plan is important for a good prognosis. Guidelines are useful for delivering the best care possible in an efficient manner. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) has developed a consensus statement after a review of the dental literature and group discussions. Experienced researchers and clinicians from various specialties were included in the group. In cases in which the data did not appear conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinion of the IADT board members. The guidelines represent the current best evidence based on literature research and professional opinion. In this third article out of three, the IADT Guidelines for the management of traumatic injuries in the primary dentition, are presented. [source] Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition and effects on the permanent successors , a clinical follow-up studyDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Sabine Sennhenn-Kirchner Abstract,,, This study investigated problems in the permanent dentition that, according to history and records, were attributable to dental alveolar injuries of the primary dentition. 106 children have been involved in the study, who had experienced primary anterior tooth trauma affecting a total of 200 teeth. Thirty-nine patients (81 teeth) were available for follow-up examinations. In 25% of the cases followed up, damage was found on the successors in the secondary dentition (16 children/20 teeth). In half of the cases, a comparatively mild form of lesion like enamel discoloration was observed. This was the result of an injury during the tooth maturation process causing enamel hypoplasia. Clinically more relevant were the dental deformities: cessation of root formation or retention caused by ankylosis, which made up the remaining 50% of cases. This was confirmed by clinical long-term observation. The different effects on the permanent teeth can only be detected by radiography after an interval of several months or may even be clinically assessed only after the eruption of the clinical crown. [source] Clinical investigation of traumatic injuries in Yeditepe University, Turkey during the last 3 yearsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Nuket Sandalli Abstract,,, The aim of this study was to evaluate etiology, types of traumatic dental injuries, treatment and to determine the incidence of complications according to dental injuries in patients who referred to Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey. The study was based on the clinical data of the 161 traumatized teeth in 92 patients. WHO classification slightly modified by Andreasen & Andreasen for dental trauma was used. The causes and localization of trauma, traumatized teeth classification, treatment and complications were evaluated both primary and permanent teeth. The distribution of complications according to diagnosis and treatment of the injured teeth were evaluated. Of 35 (38%) girls and 56 (72%) boys with a mean age 7.6 ± 3.5 (ranging 1,14.2) participated to study and the mean followed up was 1.72 ± 1.28 years (ranging 0.10,3.8 years). From the 161 affected teeth, 69 (42.9%) were in primary teeth and 92 (57.1%) in permanent teeth. The highest frequency of trauma occurred in the 6,12 year age group. Overall boys significantly outnumbered girls by approximately 1:1.6. The most common type of injury in the primary and permanent teeth was seen as luxation (38%) and enamel fracture (20%) of the maxillary central incisors, respectively. Falls were the major sources of trauma both the primary (90%) and the permanent teeth (84%). In the primary dentition, the most common type of soft tissue injury is contusion (62.5%) and in the permanent dentition, it is laceration (49%). The most of the treatment choice was determined as examination only and extraction in primary teeth (58 and 24.6%, respectively) while it was applied as restoration and pulpectomy in permanent teeth (31.5 and 18.5%, respectively). Complications were recorded on 37 teeth (23%) with a most common type of necrosis (10.5%) and dental abscess (7.4%). Necrosis was more frequent in luxation whereas dental abscess were in crown fracture with pulpal involvement in both dentitions. The study showed that boys were more prone to dental traumas than girls. Falls were more frequent trauma type with a high complication risk. It reveals that the time of the immediate treatment showed the important predisposing factors that increase the success of treatment and decrease the risk of complication. The correct diagnosis of dental injuries is more important for eliminating the occurrence of complications. [source] Dental trauma in Turkish children, ,stanbulDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Betul Kargul Abstract,,, Numerous studies focus on visits to dental clinics for emergent dental problems. Many are all-inclusive, studying traumatic injuries as well as visits for infection and other causes. Epidemiologic studies have focused on the investigation of the prevalence or incidence of dental injury. The patients were evaluated at Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University Dental School, ,stanbul over a 2-year period. For these 300 patients (446 teeth), specific diagnoses were evaluated. Dental injuries that presented most frequently in permanent dentition were crown fractures of enamel only and crown fractures of enamel and dentin. The most frequently presented dental injury in primary dentition were avulsions and crown fractures of enamel. The more frequent treatments for primary teeth were examination only. Bandage restoration, space maintainer were common procedures for permanent teeth. [source] The prevalence of traumatic injuries treated in the pedodontic clinic of Ankara University, Turkey, during 18 monthsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2002Abstract , , ,The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and prevalence of dental injuries referred to Ankara University, School of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Turkey. One hundred and forty-seven patients with 234 traumatized teeth presented during 18-month interval. Of the 147 patients, 85 were boys and 62 were girls. The most frequent trauma occurred in the age of 11 years. The maxillary central incisors were found to be the most affected tooth in both primary and permanent dentition injuries. The maxillary arch is involved in a higher percentage of trauma cases (95.72%). The most common cause of injuries are falls (67.34%). In the primary dentition, the most common type of injury is extrusive luxation (38.23%) and in the permanent dentition, it is fracture of enamel,dentin without pulpal involvement (50.5%). From 147 patients, only 82 presented to our clinic within 1 h and 10 days after the injury time. It reveals that there is a need to inform the public of what they should do in cases of dental trauma, and how important it is to contact a dentist immediately. [source] Prevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys in Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Ibrahim Al-Majed Abstract , This study involved 354 boys aged 5,6 years and 862 boys aged 12,14 years, attending 40 schools in Riyadh. All children were examined at school by a single dental examiner, using criteria similar to those employed in the survey of children's dental health in the United Kingdom. The prevalence of dental trauma in 354 Saudi boys aged 5,6 years was 33%. The most common type of dental trauma was fracture of enamel (71%) followed by loss of tooth due to trauma (13%), fracture into enamel and dentine (7%), discolouration (5%), pulp involvement (4%). No relationship between the degree of overjet and the occurrence of dental trauma in the primary dentition was observed. The prevalence of dental trauma in 862 12,14-year-old boys was 34%. The commonest dental trauma was fracture of enamel (74%) followed by fracture into enamel and dentine (15%), fracture into enamel-dentine and pulp (5%), loss of tooth due to trauma (3%), and discolouration (0.4%). A significant relationship (P=0.02) between the increased overjet (, 6 mm) and the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent dentition was reported. The present study found no evidence of dental care provided for traumatised primary incisors in 5,6-year-old boys. The treatment of dental trauma in 12,14-year-old boys was negligible (2.4%). The present Saudi Arabian study showed higher prevalence of dental trauma in 5,6- and 12,14-year-old boys than the reported results of the United Kingdom Children's Dental Health Survey of the same age groups. [source] Oral features and dental health in Hurler Syndrome following hematopoietic stem cell transplantationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2010ELEANOR McGOVERN International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 322,329 Background., Hurler Syndrome is associated with a deficiency of a specific lysosomal enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in early infancy is undertaken to help prevent the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and improve organ function. Aim., To investigate the oral features and dental health of patients with Hurler Syndrome who have undergone successful HSCT. Materials and methods., Twenty-five patients (median age 8.6 years) post-HSCT (mean age 9.4 months) underwent oral assessment (mean of 7.5 years post-HSCT). Results., Dental development was delayed. Numerous occlusal anomalies were noted including: open-bite, class III skeletal base, dental spacing, primary molar infra-occlusion and ectopic tooth eruption. Dental anomalies included hypodontia, microdontia, enamel defects, thin tapering canine crowns, pointed molar cusps, bulbous molar crowns and molar taurodontism. Tooth roots were usually short/blunted/spindle-like in permanent molars. The prevalence of dental caries was low in the permanent dentition (mean DMFT 0.7) but high in the primary dentition (mean dmft 2.4). Oral hygiene instruction with plaque and or calculus removal was indicated in 71% of those that were dentate. Conclusion., Patients with Hurler Syndrome post-HSCT are likely to have delayed dental development, a malocclusion, and dental anomalies, particularly hypodontia and microdontia. [source] The relationship between caries in the primary dentition at 5 years of age and permanent dentition at 10 years of age , a longitudinal studyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2006M. S. SKEIE Summary., Objectives., To explore a possible relationship between the caries experience and pattern in the primary dentition at 5 years of age and the permanent dentition at 10 years of age. Further, to examine the possibility of predicting children in a caries-risk group at 5 years verified at 10 years of age. Materials and methods., A sample of 186 children (90 males) were clinically examined as 5-year-olds and re-examined as 10-year-olds by calibrated dentists. A five-graded diagnostic system including enamel caries was used. Bitewing radiographs were taken. A true risk group of children at 10 years were defined as those with at least one dentin or filled lesion on the mesial surface of 6-year molars, and/or on incisors, and/or total DMFS (decayed, missing, and filled surfaces) more than 1 SD above the mean. The prediction was measured in terms of OR (odds ratio), sensitivity/specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results., Statistically significant correlations (r = 0·5) were found between the caries experience in the two dentitions as well as between the primary second molars at baseline and the permanent teeth at 10 years. ,Primary second molars' and ,all primary molars' were the most powerful predictors for allocation into the risk group (24% of the sample). The highest achieved sum of sensitivity and specificity, 148%, was attained at a cut-off point above two carious surfaces in enamel and/or dentin in primary second molars. Conclusions., Statistically significant relationship in disease between the dentitions was found. More than two surfaces with caries experience in primary second molars are suggested as a clinically useful predictor at 5 years of age for being at high risk at age 10. [source] Dental fluorosis in primary teeth: a study in rural schoolchildren in Shaanxi Province, ChinaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2005J. P. RUAN Summary. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of fluorosis in the primary dentition of 7,8-year-old Chinese schoolchildren in areas with fluoride concentrations in the drinking water ranging from 0·35 to 7·6 mg L,1. Subjects and methods. Four hundred and seventy-two children from 13 different schools were divided into four groups according to the fluoride concentration of the drinking water: (A) , 1·0 mg L,1; (B) 1·1,2·0 mg L,1; (C) 2·1,3·8 mg L,1; and (D) 7·6 mg L,1. Clinical examinations were made under field conditions, and dental fluorosis on the buccal surfaces of all teeth was recorded using the Thylstrup,Fejerskov Index (TFI). Results. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in primary teeth varied from 6·2% to 96·6% according to the fluoride concentration of the drinking water. The differences of median of TFI scores between all groups were statistically significant (P < 0·001) except for groups B and C. No statistically significant difference in the severity of dental fluorosis was observed between genders. The second primary molars were most severely affected by dental fluorosis. Disregarding group A, TFI scores between 3 and 4 were most frequently recorded. Dental fluorosis was symmetrically distributed in both jaws. Conclusion. Dental fluorosis is prevalent in the primary teeth of children living in areas supplied with drinking water with fluoride concentrations higher than 1·0 mg L,1. The primary teeth may act as biomarkers of fluoride exposure. The examination of primary teeth may give an early warning of this condition, and thus, provide a basis for intervention to prevent dental fluorosis in the permanent teeth. [source] Enamel hypoplasia of the primary dentition in a 4-year-old with intestinal lymphangiectasiaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2005P. ARROW Summary. Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a rare disorder, and its incidence and prevalence is unknown for either Australia or world-wide. It is characterized by diarrhoea, mild steatorrhoea, oedema, enteric loss of protein (protein-losing enteropathy) and abnormal dilated lymphatic channels in the small intestine. Whilst oedema and diarrhoea are the predominant clinical features, other observed features include hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, trace metal deficiency, hypocalcemia and chylous pleural effusions. While medical presentation of the condition has been reported widely, few descriptions of oral findings have been published. A search of Medline found two reports of dental findings in the permanent dentition in patients with IL. To date, there have been no reports on dental findings in the primary dentition. The primary dentition of a 4-year-old boy with IL had teeth with enamel defects which reflected the timing of enamel development and the period in which the disease was active. The present report highlights the need for early involvement of the dental team in the dental management of children with IL. [source] Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentitionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2004M. Malandris Summary., Introduction., Children who present with a posterior cross-bite in the primary dentition may be predisposed to long-term detrimental consequences if the condition is left untreated. Controversy exists in the literature as to the most appropriate time to treat this condition. Objectives., The aim of this review is to evaluate the need for correcting posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition based on the current understanding of the aetiology, likelihood of self-correction, and consequences of various forms of this malocclusion persisting into the mixed and permanent dentitions. A review of the reported treatment options for management of this condition is also presented. Methods., Literature pertaining to the epidemiology and management of posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition are reviewed. Conclusion., Posterior cross-bites in the primary dentition are relatively common and their causes are numerous. Because a significant proportion of posterior cross-bites self-correct beyond the primary dentition, routine correction in the primary dentition phase cannot be advocated. A unilateral posterior cross-bite as a result of a functional displacement of the mandible is one of the few malocclusions which should be considered for correction in the primary dentition. Further research is needed in the management of this condition. [source] Oral health status in relation to ethnicity of children in the Municipality of Copenhagen, DenmarkINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2003A. Sundby Summary. Approximately 25% of children under the age of 18 in the Municipality of Copenhagen have a non-Danish ethnic background, and it is suspected that there may be major inequalities in oral health as a result. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to describe the occurrence of dental caries in different ethnic minorities, and to analyse whether the dental caries experience of the children may be affected by cultural and behavioural differences. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in Copenhagen as a cross-sectional investigation of 794 children, aged 3 and 5 years old (preschool), 7 years old (Grade 1) and 15 years old (Grade 9). Children of Danish, Turkish, Pakistani, Albanian, Somali and Arabian backgrounds were selected by convenience sampling. Epidemiological data were retrieved from the Danish Recording System for the Public Dental Health Services (SCOR) and sociological data were collected by postal questionnaires. Results. Marked differences in dental caries prevalence were observed when different ethnic minorities were compared to Danish children. These were most prominent for the primary dentition. At age 7, 53% of the Danish and 84% of the Albanian children were affected by dental caries, the mean caries experience was 3·5 dmfs (decayed, missed and filled surfaces) and 13·8 dmfs, respectively. Caries in incisors and/or smooth surfaces was observed in 10% of the Danish children and 48% of the Albanian children. There were cultural differences in dental attendance and self-care practices of children and parents. These socio-behavioural factors may help to explain the differences in dental caries prevalence and severity. Conclusions. Development of appropriate oral health promotion strategies is urgently needed to improve oral health behaviour and attitudes of parents and children of ethnic minorities. Preventive programs should be organized at local community level in close collaboration with key persons of ethnic minority societies. [source] The post-amalgam era: a selection of materials and their longevity in the primary and young permanent dentitionsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2003H. Forss Summary. Objectives. During the last decade there has been a rapid change in the selection of dental restorative materials as the use of amalgam has decreased. The aim of this study was to obtain information on children's restorative dental care in Finland and to analyse the longevity of failed restorations. Design. A random sample of public dental health care centres was drawn from the registers and the dentists working there were asked to record information for each restoration they placed during a three-day period. The survey data comprised a total of 2186 restorations in patients younger than 17 years. Results. Of the children in need of restorative treatment, only a few had previous amalgam restorations. Primary caries was the main reason for restorative treatment in both primary and permanent dentitions (80% and 83%, respectively). In primary teeth, the most common restorative material was resin-modified glass ionomer cement (57·4%), whereas in permanent teeth, composite resin dominated (58·7%). Amalgam was not used at all in the primary dentition and in only 0·6% of permanent teeth. Eighteen per cent of treatments in primary and 12% in permanent teeth were replacements of previous fillings. The mean age of failed glass ionomer restorations was 2·8 years (n = 101) in the primary dentition, and 3·5 years (n = 54) in the permanent dentition. Conclusions. Until better restorative materials are developed, more attention should be paid to the prevention of dental caries as well as to the proper handling of alternative materials. [source] Compound odontoma associated with an unerupted and dilacerated maxillary primary central incisor in a young patientINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2003K. H. Yeung Summary., The occurrence of odontoma in the primary dentition is uncommon. There are very few reports of non-eruption of a dilacerated primary tooth in the literature. A rare case of compound odontoma in association with an unerupted dilacerated maxillary primary incisor in a young patient is reported. There was also a developing supernumerary tooth in the vicinity of the odontoma. The clinical features and management of these conditions are discussed. The relevant literature is reviewed. A possible causal relationship between odontoma and dilaceration is highlighted. [source] A maxillary protracting bow appliance for Class III treatment in the primary dentitionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2001T. Murakami Summary. The design of a simple facial mask type appliance for the treatment of Class III with anterior crossbite in the primary dentition, is described. Its clinical effect is illustrated in two cases. The appliance is easy to make, cheap, well tolerated and efficient. [source] Correlations between incisor and condylar movements during lateral excursion in children with primary dentitionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2007I. SAITOH Summary, The purpose of this study was to look for associations between lower incisor movement and working and balancing condylar movement during lateral excursion in children with primary dentition and adults with permanent dentition. Mandibular movement was recorded using a TRI-MET (an optoelectronic analysis system with six degrees-of-freedom) at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The movement data was transferred to a graphics workstation for analysis. Subjects were categorized by age into two groups. The primary dentition group consisted of 19 children (mean age: 5 years and 5 months, s.d.: 8·7 months), and the permanent dentition group consisted of 22 women (mean age: 20 years and 5 months, s.d.: 26·3 months). The occlusion and TMJ in both groups were normal, with no history of orthodontic treatment. Three orthogonal excursive ranges and the 3D linear distance of the incisal and balancing and working condylar points, along with inter- and intra-individual correlations between the incisor and the balancing and working condyles during lateral excursion, were estimated by using multilevel statistical models. Lateral excursion in children with primary dentition was characterized by smaller incisor excursive ranges and 3D linear distance than in adults, and stronger inter- and intra-individual correlations between incisor and balancing condylar movements than in adults. In both children and adults the lateral excursion of the incisor was a good indicator of the extent of balancing condylar movement, but not working condylar movement. [source] Characteristics of the gum chewing occlusal phase in children with primary dentitionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2004I. Saitoh Summary, Understanding of the growth and development of mandibular function is indispensable to the diagnosis of functional disturbances during childhood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the occlusal phase during gum chewing in children with primary dentition. Chewing motion at the working molar of 14 children with primary dentition and 28 female adults was recorded optoelectrically, and the frontal and sagittal angles of their closing and following opening strokes were measured and compared. In children the closing strokes were entered more vertically and anteriorly than in adults, and the opening strokes shifted to the non-working side in adults but moved to the working side in children. The degree of variance also differed between the two groups; the variance of the frontal angle was larger than that of sagittal angle in adults, but the opposite was true in children. These results suggested that the chewing pattern in children during the occlusal phase is distinctly different from adults and the chewing movement in children is not always less stable than in adults. [source] Length of the occlusal glide during chewing in children with primary dentitionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2003H. Hayasaki summary, Chewing is one of the most important functions of the mandible, but, to date, there are very few studies of this function in children. The purpose of this study was to quantify the length of the occlusal glide at the lower incisal point during gum chewing in children with primary dentition. Eleven girls with primary dentition were selected for this study. Mandibular excursions with occlusal contacts and gum chewing movement were measured using an optoelectronic system that can measure mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. A curved mesh diagram of incisor coordinates during mandibular excursions was established to calculate the length of the occlusal glide for each subject. The occlusal glide lengths of children were compared with previously reported results for adults. The estimated length of the occlusal glide during closing was significantly shorter in children than in adults, contrary to that during opening. This result suggests that children have a characteristic chewing pattern that differs from adults. [source] Relation between clenching strength and occlusal force distribution in primary dentitionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 3 2003H. Karibe summary, The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between clenching strength and occlusal force distribution in primary dentition. Twenty healthy children with normal occlusions: 11 boys and 9 girls, ages 3·2,5·8 years (avg. 4·5 years) were selected. Setting the bilateral masseter muscular activity at maximum clenching in full intercuspation as 100%, the occluding forces at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% clenching were recorded with pressure-sensitive sheets (Dental Prescale 50H, type R, Fuji Photo Film Co.), and the force of each primary tooth was analysed by computer (Occluzer FPD703). Occlusal force distribution was expressed as a percentage of the total occlusal force of each tooth and was compared between each clenching. There were no significant differences between various clenching strengths in the occlusal force distribution in primary dentition [one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (anova)]. Thus, the results of the present study suggest that the distribution of occluding forces on a primary dental arch had its own pattern and that the clenching strength had no effect on that pattern. These patterns may be useful in determining occlusal function in children. [source] Longitudinal Study of Non-cavitated Carious Lesion Progression in the Primary DentitionJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2006John J. Warren DDS Abstract Objectives: This study reports changes in non-cavitated tooth surface diagnoses after a 4-year period. Methods: Dental examinations were conducted for Iowa Fluoride Study cohort children who had non-cavitated lesions in the primary dentition and were also examined an average of 4 years later in the mixed dentition. Comparison of fluoride exposures, socioeconomic factors, and beverage consumption patterns were made between children who had lesions progress and those who did not. Results: Of 129 non-cavitated pit and fissure lesions in the first exams, 40 (31%) progressed to either frank decay or filled status, while among 132 non-cavitated smooth surface lesions, 7 (5%) were filled and none had frank decay in the second exam. No fluoride, socioeconomic status or beverage variables were significantly Associated with lesion progression. Conclusions: Non-cavitated smooth surface lesions rarely progressed in this age group, but nearly one-third of pit and fissure lesions progressed. [source] Using Insurance Claims and Demographic Data for Surveillance of Children's Oral HealthJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2004Keith E. Heller DDS ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper examines the utility of using private insurance and Medicaid dental claims as well as demographic data for assessing the oral health of children aged 5,12 years in Genesee County, Michigan, communities. Methods: Dental insurance claims data from Delta Plan of Michigan and Michigan Medicaid, plus demographic data from the 1990 US Census (percent poverty) and from the 1995 National Center for Educational Statistics (percent free or reduced lunch eligibility), were compared to findings from two school-based oral health surveys. These surveys were the 1995 Genesee County Oral Health Survey and the 1998,2001 Mott Children's Health Center oral health screenings. Data were analyzed using zip codes, representing communities, as the comparison unit. Statistical comparisons using correlation coefficients were used to compare the findings from the six data sets. Results: Using the insurance claims and school-based data, some communities consistently demonstrated high levels of dental caries or treatment for the primary dentition. The demographic measures were significantly associated with many of the primary dentition survey measures. The demographic data were more useful in identifying communities with high levels of dental disease, particularly in the primary teeth, than the insurance claims data. Conclusions: When screening is not practical, readily available demographic data may provide valuable oral health surveillance information for identification of high-risk communities, but these data do not identify high-risk individuals. In these analyses, demographic data were more useful than dental insurance claims data for oral health surveillance purposes. [source] Hyper IgE (Job's) syndrome: a primary immune deficiency with oral manifestationsORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2009AF Freeman Autosomal dominant hyper IgE (HIES or Job's) syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections, extremely elevated serum IgE, and a variety of connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. Individuals with HIES share a characteristic facial appearance and many oral manifestations including retained primary dentition, a high arched palate, variations of the oral mucosa and gingiva, and recurrent oral candidiasis. Mutations in STAT3 account for the majority, if not all, of the cases of autosomal dominant HIES, but the pathogenesis of the many varied features remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the clinical phenotype of HIES including immunologic and non-immunologic features, the genetics of HIES, and treatment. [source] Apgar score and dental caries risk in the primary dentition of five year oldsAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010AE Sanders Abstract Background:, Conditions in utero and early life underlie risk for several childhood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis that the Apgar score predicted dental caries in the primary dentition. Methods:, A retrospective cohort study conducted in 2003 examined associations between conditions at birth and early life with dental caries experience at five years. Dental examination data for a random sample of five-year-old South Australian children were obtained from School Dental Service electronic records. A questionnaire mailed to the parents obtained information about neonatal status at delivery (five-minute Apgar score, birthweight, plurality, gestational age) and details about birth order, weaning, and behavioural, familial and sociodemographic characteristics. Results:, Of the 1398 sampled children with a completed questionnaire (response rate = 64.6%), 1058 were singleton term deliveries among whom prevalence of dental caries was 40.1%. In weighted log-binomial regression analysis, children with an Apgar score of <=8 relative to a score of 9,10 had greater probability of dental caries in the primary dentition after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioural covariates and water fluoridation concentration (adjusted PR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.95). Conclusions:, Readily accessible markers of early life, such as the Apgar score, may guide clinicians in identifying children at potentially heightened risk for dental caries and aid decision-making in allocating preventive services. [source] Clinical detection of caries in the primary dentition with and without bitewing radiographyAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009B Newman Abstract Background:, Inadequate detection of caries in the primary dentition due to non-use of bitewing radiography is commonly encountered in paediatric practice. The present study investigated the increased benefits of using bitewing radiography in addition to the visual-tactile examination technique for detection of primary dentition caries in a non-fluoridated community, and determined the prevalence of "hidden" occlusal caries in the primary dentition. Methods:, Primary teeth were scored for caries at the restorative threshold using a visual-tactile technique followed by bitewing radiographic examination in a sample of 611 schoolchildren aged 6.4 ± 0.5 yrs to 12.1 ± 0.8 yrs residing in a non-fluoridated city. Results:, Overall, at the restorative threshold, the visual-tactile technique could detect 62 per cent of occlusal caries compared to 74 per cent for bitewing radiography (p < 0.001). The prevalence of "hidden" occlusal caries was 12 per cent. In contrast, for primary molar proximal surface caries, the visual-tactile technique could detect only 43 per cent of caries compared with 91 per cent for bitewing radiography (p < 0.001). Conclusions:, In the primary dentition, use of bitewing radiography increases the detection rate of proximal surface caries substantially. It is recommended that bitewing radiography be included as part of the routine examination of children with proximal surfaces that cannot be visualized. [source] Caries experience in the primary dentition among French 6-year-olds between 1991 and 2000COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Colette Adam Abstract , Background:, There are few national caries preventive policies for children in France. Various surveys suggest that in the late 1980s, oral health of the 6-year olds in France was poorer than in those of other European countries. In Val de Marne (a Department just east of Paris) a public dental service was established in 1991. A programme to inform preschool staff about dental diseases was commenced and volunteers brought oral health information to parents and health professionals. Periodical monitoring of primary tooth caries of 6-year olds was planned. Aim:, The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in primary tooth caries in 6-year olds over the 10 years of the programme. Methods:, Participating 6-year olds, randomly selected, were examined in schools by dentists. Clinical data were collected (WHO criteria). Sociodemographic data were collected through questionnaire. Statistical analysis involved comparison of mean values, variance analysis and chi-square test for categorical variables. Results:, The proportions of children with caries experience were, 38.9%, 30.6% and 22.2% in 1991, 1995 and 2000 respectively (P < 0.01). The dft index decreased from 1.74 to 1.39 and 1.05 respectively. About 75% of children with dental caries remained untreated. Children of non-European native parents or belonging to low socioeconomic families remained those most affected by dental caries in 2000. Conclusion:, Dental caries in 6-year olds improved between 1991 and 2000 in Val de Marne but caries remained a socially inequitable disease. Most children did not have access to dental care. The situation requires changes to the dental care provision system. [source] Inequalities in the dental treatment provided to children: an example from the UKCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Martin Tickle Abstract Objectives: To identify the relationship between the socioeconomic status of frequently attending children and the dental care of their primary dentition provided by dentists working in the General Dental Service (GDS) of the UK National Health Service (NHS). Methods: The study design involved a retrospective investigation of the case notes of 658 children who were regularly attending patients of 50 General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) working in the North West of England. The socioeconomic status of each subject was measured using the Townsend score of their electoral ward of residence. Logistic regression models, taking into account the clustering of the subjects within dental practices, were fitted to identify whether or not socioeconomic status was significantly associated with the proportion of carious teeth that were restored, all dental extractions, dental extractions for pain or sepsis alone and courses of antibiotics prescribed after controlling other variables. Results: A significant association between socioeconomic status and caries experience could not be found. There was also no association between socioeconomic status and the proportion of carious teeth filled or courses of antibiotics prescribed. Disadvantaged children were significantly more likely to have teeth extracted than their more affluent peers, but there was no association between deprivation and extractions for pain or sepsis alone. Conclusions: Children from deprived backgrounds who regularly attended this group of UK dentists were more likely to have extractions than their more affluent peers, irrespective of their caries experience. [source] Assessing risk indicators for dental caries in the primary dentitionCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Jackie Vanobbergen Abstract , The aim of the present study was to assess indicators shown to be associated with the prevalence of caries in the primary dentition of 7-year-old Flemish schoolchildren. Cross-sectional first year data of the longitudinal Signal-Tandmobiel® survey were analysed (n=4468). Gender, age, oral hygiene habits, use of fluorides, dietary habits, geographical factors and parental modelling were the considered predictors. From the multiple logistic regression analysis, including schools as a random effect, and after adjusting for the confounding variables,educational system and province (stratification variables), gender and age,it became clear that the following risk indicators remained significant (at 5% level) for the presence of caries: frequency of toothbrushing (P=0.05) with an OR 1.24 for brushing less than once a day, age at start of brushing (P<0.001) with an OR=1.22 for a delay of 1 year, regular use of fluoride supplements (P<0.001) with an OR=1.54 for no use, daily use of sugar-containing drinks between meals (P<0.001) with an OR=1.38, and number of between-meals snacks (P=0.012) with an OR=1.22 for using more than 2 between-meal snacks. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in caries experience determined by the geographical spread, with an explicit trend of caries declining from the east to the west. In a model with an ordinal response outcome, the daily use of sugar-containing drinks between meals had a more pronounced effect when caries levels were high. From this study it became obvious that, in Flemish children, an early start of brushing and a brushing frequency of at least once a day need to be encouraged, while the use of sugar-containing drinks and snacks between meals needs to be restricted to a maximum of 2 per day. Geographical differences need to be investigated in more detail. [source] | ||||||||||