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Preventable Deaths (preventable + death)
Selected AbstractsPreventable Death: Children on the Transplant Waiting ListAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 12 2008S. V. McDiarmid Children, especially those under 5 years of age, have the highest death rate on the transplant waiting list compared to any other age range. This article discusses the concept, supported by OPTN data, that there is an age range of small pediatric donors, which are almost exclusively transplanted into small pediatric transplant candidates. Allocation policies that allow broader sharing of small pediatric donors into small pediatric candidates are likely to decrease death rates of children on the waiting list. As well, although the number of pediatric deceased donors continues to decline, improving consent rates for eligible pediatric donors, and judicious use of pediatric donors after cardiac death, can enhance the pediatric deceased donor supply. [source] Preventable Deaths from Quality Failures in Emergency Department Care for Pneumonia and Myocardial Infarction: An OverestimationACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 3 2008Christopher Fee MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Successes and Lessons Learned Implementing the Sepsis BundleJOURNAL FOR HEALTHCARE QUALITY, Issue 4 2009Wayne E. Soo Hoo Abstract: Sepsis is well described in the literature as a leading cause of possibly preventable death in the United States. Analysis of baseline data indicated capacity to reduce mortality, significant variation in clinical practice patterns and opportunities for reducing cost per case. Following an enterprise-wide challenge to save lives, a multidisciplinary, facility-based team was organized to improve sepsis care. Systematic improvements in recognizing sepsis and standardizing care resulted in a dramatic reduction in mortality and a significant reduction in direct variable cost. [source] Nurses' Tobacco-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Four Major Cities in ChinaJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 1 2007Sophia S.C. Chan Purpose: To (a) identify Chinese nurses' tobacco-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), including perception of competency in smoking-cessation interventions; (b) identify barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation interventions to patients; and (c) assess the learning needs and smoking status of nurses. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China from November to December 2003. Methods: 2,888 registered nurses working in hospitals affiliated with five university schools of nursing in these cities were invited to complete a questionnaire. An instrument used to assess tobacco-related KAP in Hong Kong was translated into Chinese and pilot tested to ensure reliability and validity. Findings: 2,179 questionnaires were returned and after exclusion of the grossly incomplete questionnaires, 1,690 were included in the present analysis. Only 2% of participants were current and 1% were former smokers; most had not received training for smoking-cessation interventions as part of their nursing education program. Two-thirds recognized smoking as a leading cause of preventable death and that smoking cessation was the most cost effective intervention, but only a third routinely assisted patients' quit attempts. Nurses who received training reported greater competence in providing smoking-cessation intervention, and more frequent practice of cessation interventions. Conclusions: Chinese nurses had some knowledge about the health effects of tobacco use, but seldom practiced smoking-cessation interventions. Those who had prior training had greater competence and more practice. Including tobacco control, especially smoking cessation, in nursing curricula in China has the potential to save millions of lives. [source] Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obese AdultsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 5 2002APRN-C, Mary Jo Goolsby EdD This month's CPG review is on overweight and obese adults. With an estimated 97 million or more adults in the United States who are overweight or obese and as the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States, this guideline is expected to be of wide interest to nurse practitioners. [source] Management of major blood loss: An updateACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 9 2010P. I. JOHANSSON Haemorrhage remains a major cause of potentially preventable deaths. Trauma and massive transfusion are associated with coagulopathy secondary to tissue injury, hypoperfusion, dilution and consumption of clotting factors and platelets. Concepts of damage control surgery have evolved, prioritizing the early control of the cause of bleeding by non-definitive means, while haemostatic control resuscitation seeks early control of coagulopathy. Haemostatic resuscitation provides transfusions with plasma and platelets in addition to red blood cells (RBCs) in an immediate and sustained manner as part of the transfusion protocol for massively bleeding patients. Transfusion of RBCs, plasma and platelets in a similar proportion as in whole blood prevents both hypovolaemia and coagulopathy. Although an early and effective reversal of coagulopathy is documented, the most effective means of preventing coagulopathy of massive transfusion remains debated and randomized controlled studies are lacking. Results from recent before-and-after studies in massively bleeding patients indicate that trauma exsanguination protocols involving the early administration of plasma and platelets are associated with improved survival. Furthermore, viscoelastic whole blood assays, such as thrombelastography (TEG)/rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM), appear advantageous for identifying coagulopathy in patients with severe haemorrhage, as opposed to conventional coagulation assays. In our view, patients with uncontrolled bleeding, regardless of its cause, should be treated with goal-directed haemostatic control resuscitation involving the early administration of plasma and platelets and based on the results of the TEG/ROTEM analysis. The aim of the goal-directed therapy should be to maintain a normal haemostatic competence until surgical haemostasis is achieved, as this appears to be associated with reduced mortality. [source] Venous thromboembolism in the medically ill patient: a call to actionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 5 2005J.-F. Bergmann Summary The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical patients is generally underestimated. However, recent studies including two large double-blind placebo-controlled trials, the Prospective Evaluation of Dalteparin Efficacy for Prevention of VTE in Immobilised Patients trial (PREVENT) and prophylaxis in MEDical patients with ENOXaparin, study show that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) provide effective thromboprophylaxis for medical patients at risk from VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding. In PREVENT the significant 45%, reduction in VTE among patients receiving dalteparin 5000 IU once daily for 14 days was attributed entirely to a reduction in clinically relevant VTE. The recently published guidelines for the prevention and treatment of VTE, issued by the American College of Chest Physicians, recommend prophylaxis with LMWHs (or low-dose unfractionated heparin) in acutely ill medical patients with risk factors for VTE (grade 1A). Current evidence should encourage the more widespread adoption of thromboprophylaxis in at-risk medical patients, and thus reduce the number of preventable deaths and complications due to VTE. [source] Caloric Restriction and Calcium's Effect on Bone Metabolism and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Premenopausal WomenNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 12 2004Tim L. Radak DrPH Obesity results in numerous preventable deaths and comorbidities. Unfortunately, a reduction of body weight has been correlated with a reduction in bone mass, the reasons for which have not been fully elucidated. The importance of maximizing peak bone mass during premenopausal years is well known. Most studies demonstrate a positive relationship between calcium intake and bone mass. However, during caloric restriction, which is commonly used for weight loss, calcium intake has shown mixed results. Calcium from dairy sources has received additional attention, beyond its importance to bone, for its role in regulating body weight and composition. Dairy foods are perceived as high fat, and therefore, are generally minimized or avoided during caloric restriction. The current calcium intake for premenopausal women is significantly below recommendations, and even if met during caloric restriction, may not be adequate. This review underscores the need for maintaining at least adequate intake levels of calcium, if not more, during weight loss regimens to minimize potential long-term detrimental effects on bone metabolism. [source] Childhood deaths due to electrocution in Adana, TurkeyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2007R Akçan Abstract Aim: This retrospective study was conducted to determine the general features of childhood deaths due to electrocution, and draw the attention of community to these preventable deaths. Methods: The autopsy records of the Morgue of the Adana Branch of the Turkish Forensic Medicine Council were used. Thirty-seven cases of childhood (under 18) electrocution during the period 1999,2004 were analyzed. Results: Electrocution deaths comprised 0.8% of all the medico-legal autopsy cases (4515) during these 6 years. Thirty-one (83.8%) of the victims were male and only six (16.2%) were female. They were between 18 months and 18 years of age, and the mean age was 11.35, and all deaths were recorded as accidental. Conclusion: Medical units, and paramedical and educational centres should play important roles in formulating public health strategies to tackle preventable deaths such as electrocution. [source] | ||||||||||