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Prenatal Programming (prenatal + programming)
Selected AbstractsLongevity is not influenced by prenatal programming of body sizeAGING CELL, Issue 4 2010Cheryl A. Conover Summary Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is essential for achieving optimal body size during fetal development, whereas, in the adult, IGFs are associated with aging and age-related diseases. However, it is unclear as to what extent lifespan is influenced by events that occur during development. Here, we provide direct evidence that the exceptional longevity of mice with altered IGF signaling is not linked to prenatal programming of body size. Mice null for pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), an IGF-binding protein proteinase that increases local IGF bioavailability, are 60,70% the size of their wild-type littermates at birth and have extended median and maximum lifespan of 30,40%. In this study, PAPP-A,/, mice whose body size was normalized during fetal development through disruption of IgfII imprinting did not lose their longevity advantage. Adult-specific moderation of IGF signaling through PAPP-A inhibition may present a unique opportunity to improve lifespan without affecting important aspects of early life physiology. [source] Effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter on ventilatory lung function of preschool children of non-smoking mothersPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Wieslaw A. Jedrychowski Summary Jedrychowski WA, Perera FP, Maugeri U, Mroz E, Klimaszewska-Rembiasz M, Flak E, Edwards S, Spengler JD. Effect of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter on ventilatory lung function of preschool children of non-smoking mothers. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010. Impaired fetal development is associated with a number of adult chronic diseases and it is believed that these associations arise as a result of the phenomenon of prenatal programming, which involves persisting changes in structure and function of various body organs caused by ambient factors during critical and vulnerable periods of early development. The main goal of the study was to assess the association between lung function in early childhood and prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which represents a wide range of chemical compounds potentially hazardous for fetal development. Among pregnant women recruited prenatally to the study, personal measurements of PM2.5 were performed over 48 h in the second trimester of pregnancy. After delivery, infants were followed for 5 years; the interviewers visited participants in their homes to record children's respiratory symptoms every 3 months in the child's first 2 years of life and every 6 months thereafter. In the fifth year of the follow-up, children were invited for standard lung function testing of levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV0.5). There were 176 children of non-smoking mothers, who performed at least two acceptable spirometry measurements. Multivariable linear regression showed a significant deficit of FVC at the highest quartile of PM2.5 exposure (beta coefficient = ,91.9, P = 0.008), after adjustment for covariates (age, gender, birthweight, height and wheezing). Also FEV1 level in children was inversely correlated with prenatal exposure to PM2.5, and the average FEV1 deficit amounted to 87.7 mL (P = 0.008) at the higher level of exposure. Although the effect of PM2.5 exposure on FEV0.5 was proportionally weaker (,72.7, P = 0.026), it was also statistically significant. The lung function level was inversely and significantly associated with the wheezing recorded over the follow-up. The findings showed that significant lung function deficits in early childhood are associated with prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter, which may affect fetal lung growth. [source] Does allo-immune reactivity play a role in the prenatal programming of childhood allergy?CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 4 2005W. Karmaus No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||