Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Prenatal Factors (prenatal + factor)
Selected AbstractsMaternal Transmission of Nicotine Dependence: Psychiatric, Neurocognitive and Prenatal FactorsTHE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 1 2001Raymond Niaura Ph.D. This paper reviews the literature on maternal influences on smoking behaviors of offspring from the perspective of neuropsychiatric deficits that may be transmitted from mother to child. In particular, we review what is known regarding associations between: (1) in-utero exposure to smoking, (2) adolescent neurocognitive functioning and psychiatric comorbidity, and (3) the patterns of smoking and progression of nicotine dependence. Furthering our knowledge of these differences in susceptibility to nicotine dependence among youth will provide additional avenues for prevention and intervention efforts targeted toward those at high risk for dependence. [source] Maternal care affects the development of maternal behavior in inbred miceDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Hirotaka Shoji Abstract The present study investigated the effects of variations in maternal behavior on the development of maternal behavior of female offspring in BALB/c and CBA/Ca inbred mice. In Experiment 1, we conducted fostering within or between the two strains and observed the maternal behaviors of mothers and female offspring for 2 weeks postpartum. Although fostering changed the maternal behavior of mothers in both strains, CBA mothers generally showed greater frequency of nursing posture and pup licking than BALB mothers. BALB female offspring reared by CBA mothers showed more body licking than those reared by BALB mothers, whereas fostering did not affect the maternal behavior of CBA female offspring. In Experiment 2, we examined the maternal behavior of females of F1 hybrids derived from reciprocal crosses between the two strains to confirm the maternal effect demonstrated in Experiment 1. Female F1 hybrids from CBA mothers showed more arched-back nursing, body licking, and nest building than those from BALB mothers. These results suggested that maternal care affect the development of maternal behavior in inbred mice, though the contributions of genetic and prenatal factors cannot be ignored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev. Psychobiol 51: 345,357, 2009. [source] Prenatal predictors of infant temperamentDEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Elizabeth A. Werner Abstract Emerging data suggest that prenatal factors influence children's temperament. In 50 dyads, we examined fetal heart rate (FHR) activity and women's antenatal psychiatric illness as predictors of infant temperament at 4 months (response to novelty and the Infant Behavior Checklist). FHR change during maternal challenge was positively associated with observed infant motor reactivity to novelty (p,=,.02). The odds of being classified as high versus low motor among fetuses who had an increase in FHR during maternal stress was 11 times those who had a decrease in FHR (p,=,.0006). Antenatal psychiatric diagnosis was associated with an almost fourfold greater odds of having a high cry reactivity classification (p,=,.03). There also were modest associations between baseline FHR and maternal reports of infant temperament and between observed temperament and that based on mothers' reports. All of the infant results were found independent of the influence of women's postnatal anxiety. These data indicate that physiological markers of individual differences in infant temperament are identifiable in the fetal period, and possibly shaped by the prenatal environment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 474-484, 2007. [source] Infant leukemia and congenital abnormalities: A Children's Oncology Group study,PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 1 2010Kimberly J. Johnson PhD Abstract Background Leukemia in infants is rare and has not been well studied apart from leukemia in older children. Differences in survival and the molecular characteristics of leukemia in infants versus older children suggest a distinct etiology, likely involving prenatal factors. Procedure We examined the association between eight categories of maternally reported congenital abnormalities (CAs) (cleft lip or palate, spina bifida or other spinal defect, large or multiple birthmarks, other chromosomal abnormalities, small head or microcephaly, rib abnormalities, urogenital abnormalities, and other) and infant leukemia in a case,control study. The study included 443 cases diagnosed at <1 year of age at a Children's Oncology Group Institution in the United States or Canada from 1996 to 2006 and 324 controls. Controls were recruited from the cases' geographic area either by random digit dialing (1999,2002) or through birth certificates (2003,2008) and were frequency-matched to cases on birth year. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression after adjustment for birth year and a measure of follow-up time to account for differences in the CA observation period. Results No statistically significant associations were observed between infant leukemia and any CA (OR,=,1.2; 95% CI: 0.8,1.9), birthmarks (OR,=,1.4; 95% CI: 0.7,2.5), urogenital abnormalities (OR,=,0.7; 95% CI: 0.2,2.0), or other CA (OR,=,1.4; 95% CI: 0.7,2.8). Results were similar for acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia cases. Fewer than five subjects were in the remaining CA categories precluding analysis. Conclusions Overall, we did not find evidence to support an association between CAs and infant leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:95,99. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Strategies for early prevention of asthmaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY REVIEWS, Issue 2004Fernando Maria De Benedictis Summary Asthma is the most commonly diagnosed chronic disease in childhood. Pathogenesis of the disease has received much attention lately as the last few decades have seen such a global rise in prevalence. There is hope to reverse this trend in prevalence by developing new preventive strategies. Here, we summarize the recent evidence for the role of early life events such as prenatal factors, infections, pollution, allergen exposure, nutrition, and discuss the implications for future strategies for asthma prevention. [source] Short-term outcome after active perinatal management at 23,25 weeks of gestation.ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2004A study from two Swedish tertiary care centres. Aims: To provide descriptive data on women who delivered at 23,25 wk of gestation, and to relate foetal and neonatal outcomes to maternal factors, obstetric management and the principal reasons for preterm birth. Methods: Medical records of all women who had delivered in two tertiary care centres in 1992,1998 were reviewed. At the two centres, policies of active perinatal and neonatal management were universally applied. Logistic regression models were used to identify prenatal factors associated with survival. Results: Of 197 women who delivered at 23,25 wk, 65% had experienced a previous miscarriage, 15% a previous stillbirth and 12% a neonatal death. The current pregnancy was the result of artificial reproduction in 13% of the women. In 71%, the pregnancy was complicated either by preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis, placental abruption or premature rupture of membranes. Antenatal steroids were given in 63%. Delivery was by caesarean section in 47%. The reasons for preterm birth were idiopathic preterm labour in 36%, premature rupture of membranes in 41% and physician-indicated deliveries in 23% of the mothers. Demographic details, use of antenatal steroids, caesarean section delivery and birthweight differed between mothers depending on the reason for preterm delivery. Of 224 infants, 5% were stillbirths and 63% survived to discharge. On multivariate logistic regression analysis comprising prenatally known variables, reasons for preterm birth were not associated with survival. Advanced gestational duration (OR: 2.43 per wk; 95% CI: 1.59,3.74), administration of any antenatal steroids (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.14,4.28) and intrauterine referral from a peripheral hospital (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.5,5.73) were associated with survival. Conclusions: Women who deliver at 23,25 wk comprise a risk group characterized by a high risk of reproductive failure and pregnancy complications. Survival rates were similar regardless of the reason for preterm birth. Policies of active perinatal management virtually eliminated intrapartum stillbirths. [source] | ||||||||||