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Premature Labor (premature + labor)
Selected AbstractsIntra-amniotic endotoxin accelerates lung maturation in fetal rabbitsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2001Kristina Bry The hypothesis that endotoxin in amniotic fluid accelerates fetal lung maturation was tested. On day 25 of gestation, LPS (5 ,g/fetus) was injected intra-amniotically into one uterine horn of eight New Zealand white rabbits, whereas the contralateral amniotic sacs were injected with saline vehicle. The fetuses were delivered 48 h after LPS administration and their lungs were studied. One dam went into premature labor prior to the 48 h time point and was excluded from the study. Mean white cell counts in amniotic fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from LPS-treated fetuses were increased 3.2-fold (p= 0.04) and 9.9-fold (p= 0.04), respectively. Fetal weights and lung weights were not affected by LPS. Surfactant protein SP-A and SP-B mRNA expressions in LPS-treated fetuses were increased 2.3-fold (p= 0.03) and 1.4-fold (p= 0.04), respectively. Static lung compliance was increased in animals treated with LPS (p= 0.001). Lungs from LPS-treated animals had better aeration than those of controls. Mean volume of inflation-fixed lungs of LPS-treated fetuses was 1.7 times greater than that of controls (p= 0.03). Conclusion: Intra-uterine exposure to LPS increases surfactant protein expression and improves lung stability and aeration in preterm animals. [source] Smoking Cessation Counseling for Pregnant Women Who Smoke: Scientific Basis for Practice for AWHONN's SUCCESS ProjectJOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 3 2004FAAN, Susan A. Albrecht PhD Objectives: To review the literature addressing smoking cessation in pregnant women. To develop the project protocol for the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurse's (AWHONN) 6th research-based practice project titled "Setting Universal Cessation Counseling, Education and Screening Standards (SUCCESS): Nursing Care of Pregnant Women Who Smoke." To evaluate the potential of systematic integration of this protocol in primary care settings in which women seek care at the preconception, pregnant, or postpartum stages. Literature Sources: Computerized searches in MEDLINE and CINAHL, as well as references cited in articles reviewed. Key concepts in the searches included low-birth-weight infants and effects of prenatal smoking on the infant and the effects of preconception and prenatal smoking cessation intervention on premature labor and birth weight. Literature Selection: Comprehensive articles, reports, and guidelines relevant to key concepts and published after 1964 with an emphasis on new findings from 1996 through 2002. Ninety-eight citations were identified as useful to this review. Literature Synthesis: Tobacco use among pregnant women and children's exposure to tobacco use (secondhand smoke) are associated with pregnancy complications such as placental dysfunction (including previa or abruption), preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortions, and decreased birth weight and infant stature. Neonates and children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for developing otitis media, asthma, other respiratory disorders later in childhood; dying from sudden infant death syndrome; and learning disorders. The "5 A's" intervention and use of descriptive statements for smoking status assessment were synthesized into the SUCCESS project protocol for AWHONN's 6th research-based practice project. Conclusions: The literature review generated evidence that brief, office-based assessment, client-specific tobacco counseling, skill development, and support programs serve as an effective practice guideline for clinicians. Implementation and evaluation of the guideline is under way at a total of 13 sites in the United States and Canada. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLE: H3N2 Influenza A Virus Replicates in Immortalized Human First Trimester Trophoblast Cell Lines and Induces Their Rapid ApoptosisAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Quang Duy Trinh Problem, Epidemiological data suggested that pandemic influenza increased the risks of spontaneous abortion and premature labor, while seasonal influenza also increased the risk of schizophrenia in adolescence. However, their pathogenesis is so far unknown. Method of study, The first trimester trophoblast cell lines, namely, Swan71 and HTR8 cells were challenged with A/Udorn/72 influenza virus (H3N2). At indicated time points, cells were examined for expression of influenza proteins. Viral replication in culture media, apoptosis and the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G were also examined. Results Intracellular localization of viral proteins was observed. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, virus was detected in culture media while most cells fell into apoptosis. During apoptosis, expression of HLA-G was unchanged. Conclusion, We revealed replication of low pathogenic influenza virus in the first trimester trophoblast cell lines. Placental damages are likely to be induced by direct cytopathic effects of influenza virus and subsequent apoptosis rather than down regulation of HLA-G expression and subsequent rejection by maternal immune system. [source] Depression during pregnancy: detection, comorbidity and treatmentASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2010Maria Muzik Abstract Depression during pregnancy is common (,15%). Routine prenatal depression screening coupled with the use of physician collaborators to assist in connecting women with care is critical to facilitate treatment engagement with appropriate providers. Providers should be aware of risk factors for depression , including a previous history of depression, life events, and interpersonal conflict , and should appropriately screen for such conditions. Depression during pregnancy has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, insufficient weight gain, decreased compliance with prenatal care, and premature labor. Current research has questioned the overall benefit of treating depression during pregnancy with antidepressants when compared to the risk of untreated depression for mother and child. Published guidelines favor psychotherapy above medication as the first line treatment for prenatal depression. Poor neonatal adaptation or withdrawal symptoms in the neonate may occur with fetal exposure in late pregnancy, but the symptoms are mild to moderate and transient. The majority of mothers who decide to stop taking their antidepressants during pregnancy suffer relapsing symptoms. If depression continues postpartum, there is an increased risk of poor mother,infant attachment, delayed cognitive and linguistic skills in the infant, impaired emotional development, and behavioral problems in later life. Bipolar depression, anxiety and substance use disorders, and/or presence of severe psychosocial stress can lead to treatment-resistance. Modified and more complex treatment algorithms are then warranted. Psychiatric medications, interpersonal or cognitive-behavioral therapy, and adjunctive parent,infant/family treatment, as well as social work support, are modalities often required to comprehensively address all issues surrounding the illness. [source] Outcome of pregnancy after laser conization: Implications for infection as a causal link with preterm birthJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2008Hitoshi Masamoto Abstract Objective:, To investigate a causal link between infection and preterm birth in women with a shortened cervix induced by prior laser conization. Methods:, We conducted a retrospective review of the outcomes of 47 singleton pregnancies with a history of laser conization. Cervical length was measured between 17 and 23 weeks of gestation. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to determine the best cut-off point for the cervical length for predicting spontaneous preterm birth. We measured infectious markers in 12 women who had experienced preterm labor. Results:, Nine women had had premature labors and three had had late abortions. The mean ± SD cervical length was 33.1 ± 9.1 mm. The optimal cut-off for predicting preterm delivery was 25 mm with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 97.1%, respectively. Concentrations of granulocyte elastase were positive in five of the six samples determined. The white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels were elevated in four out of the six patients. Sixty-seven percent of the vaginal cultures were positive for bacteria. Chorioamnionitis was present in seven women. Conclusions:, For the prediction of preterm birth in patients with a history of conization, it is helpful to look for signs of local infection when the cervical length is less than 25 mm. [source] | ||||||||||