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Predominant Reason (predominant + reason)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Shareholder Wealth Effects of European Domestic and Cross-border Takeover Bids

EUROPEAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2004
Marc Goergen
G32; G34 Abstract This paper analyses the short-term wealth effects of large intra-European takeover bids. We find announcement effects of 9% for the target firms compared to a statistically significant announcement effect of only 0.7% for the bidders. The type of takeover bid has a large impact on the short-term wealth effects with hostile takeovers triggering substantially larger price reactions than friendly operations. When a UK firm is involved, the abnormal returns are higher than those of bids involving both a Continental European target and bidder. There is strong evidence that the means of payment in an offer has an impact on the share price. A high market-to-book ratio of the target leads to a higher bid premium, but triggers a negative price reaction for the bidding firm. We also investigate whether the predominant reason for takeovers is synergies, agency problems or managerial hubris. Our results suggest that synergies are the prime motivation for bids and that targets and bidders share the wealth gains. [source]

Patients presenting with somatic complaints: epidemiology, psychiatric co-morbidity and management

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003
Kurt Kroenke MD
Abstract Somatic symptoms are the leading cause of outpatient medical visits and also the predominant reason why patients with common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety initially present in primary care. At least 33% of somatic symptoms are medically unexplained, and these symptoms are chronic or recurrent in 20% to 25% of patients. Unexplained or multiple somatic symptoms are strongly associated with coexisting depressive and anxiety disorders. Other predictors of psychiatric co-morbidity include recent stress, lower self-rated health and higher somatic symptom severity, as well as high healthcare utilization, difficult patient encounters as perceived by the physician, and chronic medical disorders. Antidepressants and cognitive-behavioural therapy are both effective for treatment of somatic symptoms, as well as for functional somatic syndromes such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, pain disorders, and chronic headache. A stepped care approach is described, which consists of three phases that may be useful in the care of patients with somatic symptoms. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]

Peri-conceptual folic acid supplementation in type 1 diabetes

PRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 4 2001
C.J. Wills Specialist Registrar in Diabetes, Endocrinology
Abstract Aim To document peri-conceptual folic acid supplementation in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) attending the diabetic ante-natal clinic of a university teaching hospital. Methods Women with pre-existing type 1 DM who booked at the diabetes antenatal clinic at University Hospital, Nottingham over 3 years (1996,98) took part in a telephone survey about folic acid supplements. Results Data was available on 50 women, 65 pregnancies. Folic acid supplements were used before 50.7% (33) pregnancies, all planned, and started on confirmation of pregnancy in 34% (22), at a mean gestation of 5.8 weeks. No folic acid was used before or during 10 (15.4%) pregnancies. 75.4% (49) pregnancies were planned. 24 planned pregnancies were in women who had never had pre-pregnancy counselling. 70.8%(17) of these were in multiparous women, and folic acid was taken before 41.1% (seven) of such pregnancies. Lack of awareness was the predominant reason for failure to take folic acid supplements in all groups. Conclusions Folic acid was taken before conception in only half of the pregnancies in the survey, due to lack of awareness of its importance. Three-quarters of pregnancies were planned but a disappointing number of women had pre-pregnancy counselling, probably due to poor advertising and the assumption that women who had been pregnant before did not need such a session. Women with DM should be informed about folic acid and offered pre-pregnancy counselling. It should not be assumed that women who have had a pregnancy know about folic acid. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Points Folic acid supplementation prior to conception and in the first trimester helps to prevent neural tube defects. Almost half of the women in this survey failed to take folic acid prior to conception. Women who did not take folic acid were unaware of its importance. We need to ensure that women with diabetes understand the importance of folic acid. [source]

Effect of A-Site Ionic Radius on the Structure and Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of Sr1+xSm1,xAl1,xTixO4 Ceramics

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2010
Min Min Mao
SrSmAlO4 microwave dielectric ceramics were modified by Sr/Ti cosubstitution for Sm/Al. The effects of radius difference of A-site ions on the microwave dielectric characteristics were investigated together with the structure. Sr1+xSm1,xAl1,xTixO4 (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction approach. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a single-phase K2NiF4 -type solid solution with corresponding peaks shifting to lower 2, as x increased. Minor inhomogeneous grain morphology for x=0.05 and a trace amount of second phases for x=0.10, 0.15 were detected by backscattered-electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. With increasing Sr/Ti cosubstitution, the dielectric constant ,r increased from 18.4 to 20.4, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ,f was adjusted from ,1.8 to 7.4 ppm/°C almost linearly. However, the Q×f value decreased from 74,500 GHz at x=0,53,000 GHz at x=0.15. The internal stresses caused by the decreased tolerance factor and the large ionic radii difference between Sr2+ and Sm3+ should be the predominant reasons for such a decrease in the Q×f value. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopic results revealed an increase in the lattice distortion with increasing Sr/Ti cosubstitution, and subsequently supported the above conclusion upon the increased internal stresses. [source]