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Practical Results (practical + result)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering50%

Selected Abstracts

Experimental investigation of breast tumor imaging using indirect microwave holography

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 3 2006
M. Elsdon
Abstract A novel indirect holographic technique for the early detection of breast cancer, which offers considerable benefits in terms of simplicity and expense, is presented and discussed. It is shown how this approach, usually employed at optical frequencies, can be adapted to image breast tumors at microwave frequencies. Practical results, using a simulated phantom, successfully demonstrate the validity of this technique. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 480,482, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21384 [source]

Use of Kullback,Leibler divergence for forgetting

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, Issue 10 2009
Miroslav Kárný
Abstract Non-symmetric Kullback,Leibler divergence (KLD) measures proximity of probability density functions (pdfs). Bernardo (Ann. Stat. 1979; 7(3):686,690) had shown its unique role in approximation of pdfs. The order of the KLD arguments is also implied by his methodological result. Functional approximation of estimation and stabilized forgetting, serving for tracking of slowly varying parameters, use the reversed order. This choice has the pragmatic motivation: recursive estimator often approximates the parametric model by a member of exponential family (EF) as it maps prior pdfs from the set of conjugate pdfs (CEF) back to the CEF. Approximations based on the KLD with the reversed order of arguments preserves this property. In the paper, the approximation performed within the CEF but with the proper order of arguments of the KLD is advocated. It is applied to the parameter tracking and performance improvements are demonstrated. This practical result is of importance for adaptive systems and opens a way for improving the functional approximation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Statistical Analysis of Microarray Data

ADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2005
Mark Reimers
Microarrays promise dynamic snapshots of cell activity, but microarray results are unfortunately not straightforward to interpret. This article aims to distill the most useful practical results from the vast body of literature availalable on microarray data analysis. Topics covered include: experimental design issues, normalization, quality control, exploratory analysis, and tests for differential expression. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of low-level analysis of Affymetrix chips, and the multiple testing problem in determining differential expression. The aim of this article is to provide useful answers to the most common practical issues in microarray data analysis. The main topics are pre-processing (normalization), and detecting differential expression. Subsidiary topics include experimental design, and exploratory analysis. Further discussion is found at the author's web page (http://discover.nci.nih.gov, Notes on Microarray Data Analysis). [source]

A new non-linear sliding-mode torque and flux control method for an induction machine incorporating a sliding-mode flux observer

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBUST AND NONLINEAR CONTROL, Issue 5 2004
Fang Chen
Abstract In this paper a novel sliding-mode control algorithm, based on the differential geometry state-co-ordinates transformation method, is proposed to control motor torque directly. Non-linear feedback linearization theory is employed to decouple the control of rotor flux magnitude and motor torque. The advantages of this method are: (1) The rotor flux and the generated torque can be accurately controlled. (2) Robustness with respect to matched and mismatched uncertainties is obtained. Additionally, a varying continuous control term is proposed. As a result, chattering is eliminated without sacrificing robustness and precision. The control strategy is based on all motor states being available. In practice the rotor fluxes are not usually measurable, and a sliding-mode observer is derived to estimate the rotor flux. The observer is designed to possess invariant dynamic modes which can be assigned independently to achieve the desired performance. Furthermore, it can be shown that the observer is robust against model uncertainties and measurement noise. Simulation and practical results are presented to confirm the characteristics of the proposed control law and rotor flux observer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Stereotypes and Moral Oversight in Conflict Resolution: What Are We Teaching?

JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 4 2002
J. Harvey
I examine some common trends in ,conflict management skills', particularly those focused on practical results, and argue that they involve some moral problems, like the reliance on offensive stereotypes, the censorship of moral language, the promotion of distorted relationships, and sometimes the suppression of basic rights and obligations that constitute non,consequentialist moral constraints on human interactions (including dispute resolution). Since these approaches now appear in educational institutions, they are sending dangerous messages to those least able to critically assess them, messages that denigrate the language, reflection, and interactions on which the moral life depends, thus undermining the possibility of moral education in the most fundamental sense of the phrase. [source]

A new method for assessing foliar uptake of fungicides using Congo Red as a tracer

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 6 2001
Ju-Hyun Yu
Abstract In order to develop a new method for measuring foliar uptake of fungicides, Congo Red was selected as a tracer, and optimum procedures were established for washing, extracting and analyzing it and fungicides from leaf surfaces. Congo Red, a water-soluble dye, was not absorbed into cucumber or rice leaf, even in the presence of various surfactants, and was completely washable from leaf surfaces by aqueous acetonitrile solutions. Congo Red and fungicides in washings were quantified to calculate the amount of foliar uptake of the latter, by comparing the ratio to Congo Red. The optimum concentration of Congo Red in a formulation should be established in order to minimize its influence on fungicide uptake. Although Congo Red has proved to be useful with a conventional droplet application method, it will give more realistic and practical results with the spraying method used in the present study. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

An over-current protection module for telephone network line cards,an analysis of electro-thermal properties

QUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2002
Marina Santo Zarnik
Abstract In this paper the results of a finite-element analysis of the electro-thermal behaviour of an over-current protection thick-film hybrid module are presented. The module was designed for protecting the line card of a telephone network against an abnormal surge of current, resulting from accidental shorts between adjacent power feed lines. The switching time of the device is crucial to its effectiveness as a protective element. A transient finite-element thermal analysis was performed in order to predict the dynamic temperature states at the critical points of the circuit design and to evaluate the influence on the switching characteristics. A comparison between simulated and practical results is given. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A Versatile Birth,Death Model Applicable to Four Distinct Problems

AUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 1 2004
J. Gani
Summary This paper revisits a simple birth,death model which arises in slightly different forms in four distinct stochastic problems. These are the barbershop queue, coupon collecting, vocabulary usage and geological dating. Discrete and continuous time Markov chains are used to characterize these problems. Somewhat different questions are posed for each particular case, and practical results are derived for each process. The paper concludes with some comments on the versatility of this applied probability model. [source]