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Practical Need (practical + need)
Selected AbstractsReflections on smoking relapse researchDRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006SAUL SHIFFMAN Abstract This paper presents personal reflections on the history, current status and the future of research on smoking relapse. Relapse was traditionally viewed primarily as an outcome, to be reduced with increased treatment. In the 1980s, relapse research was invigorated by a focus on the process of relapse, focusing on the specific situations in which lapses to smoking occurred, and on the processes that mediated progression from a lapse to a relapse. This line of research had substantial influence on treatment, but has currently been displaced by a return to a pure outcomes-focus, driven in part by the practical need to find treatments that work and to package them for dissemination. At the same time, technological and methodological developments have enabled detailed monitoring of experience and behaviour throughout the relapse process, and progression of these developments will make monitoring of relapse process compelling in the future. The need to understand how interventions work will also drive a resurgence of research on the relapse process. Finally, the same technological and conceptual developments that enable detailed monitoring of behaviour will spawn the development of just-in-time interventions that are offered and implemented as needed, rather than being addressed in the abstract in advance of the need [source] Stress and help-seeking for drought-stricken citrus growers in the Riverland of South AustraliaAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2009Alice K. Staniford Abstract Objective:,To explore the psychological impact of a problematic industrial climate for citrus growers, their help-seeking behaviour and perspectives on ways to encourage better use of rural mental health services. Design:,Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews. Setting:,The Riverland of South Australia. Participants:,Sixteen citrus growers (12 male, 4 female) from eight Riverland towns. Main outcome measures:,Citrus growers' perceived factors relating to psychological stress, coping behaviours, impact of stress on well-being, help-seeking behaviours, barriers to help-seeking and ways to encourage better use of rural mental health services. Results:,Work-related stresses grouped under broad themes, including ,Uncontrollable events', ,Financial hardship' and ,Pressure', had negative effects on participants' well-being. Furthermore, it was found that significant difficulties arise because many of the stresses which growers endure are not controllable, and that the alleviation of strain with the help of mental health professionals is uncommon because of barriers preventing help-seeking. Five broad themes of barriers to help-seeking were extracted from the data: ,Self-reliance', ,Social image', ,Lack of knowledge', ,Negative perceptions of health professionals' efficacy' and ,Restrictive lifestyle factors'. A specialised model of occupational health for citrus growers was proposed. Conclusions:,These results highlight the practical need to address the identified issues in delivery and promotion of health services when facilitating help-seeking within this group. The findings also add to our knowledge of occupational health psychology broadly. [source] Mental Health Problems in Young People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Impact on ParentsJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 5 2008Hannah Faust Background, Young people with intellectual disabilities seem to be at increased risk of developing mental health problems. The present study set out to examine the impact such difficulties can have on parents. Method, Semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with 13 parents and one adult sibling of 11 young people with intellectual disabilities and additional mental health problems. Results, Parents described far reaching negative consequences of the young person's mental health problems. In many parents these re-evoked intense past feelings of grief and triggered feelings of helplessness and despair. Conclusions, Parents' experiences appear to be characterized by confusion, loss and hardship. Services do not seem to be attuned to the high level of emotional and practical needs of these parents. [source] A systematic review of informal caregivers' needs in providing home-based end-of-life care to people with cancerJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 10 2009Penny E Bee Aims., This paper presents the results of a systematic review examining the practical information needs of informal caregivers providing home-based palliative and end-of-life care to people with advanced cancer. Background., Modern hospice care has led to increases in home-based palliative care services, with informal caregivers assuming responsibility for the majority of care. In response, health policy emphasises the provision of palliative care services in which both the patient and carer receive adequate support throughout illness and death. While the emotional needs of carers have been extensively researched, their practical needs with respect to the provision of physical care are yet to receive systematic attention. Design., Systematic review. Methods., Eligible articles were identified via electronic searches of research and evidence-based databases, hand-searching of academic journals and searches of non-academic grey literature websites. Quality of research was assessed via accepted guidelines for reviewing non-randomised, observational and qualitative literature. Data were synthesised by comparing and contrasting the findings to identify prominent themes. Results., Research consistently highlights this lack of practical support, often related to inadequate information exchange. These deficits typically manifest in relatives adopting a ,trial and error' approach to palliative care. Informal carers request a greater quantity of practically-focussed information, improvements in quality and increased methods of dissemination. Conclusion., Synthesis of the literature suggests that home-based palliative care services have been insufficiently focussed on assisting informal caregivers acquire practical nursing skills. Relevance to clinical practice., Enhanced access to professional advice represents a potentially effective method of increasing carers' confidence in their ability to undertake practical aspects of home-based care. Evidence suggests that nurses and other health providers may better assist home-based carers by providing the information and skills-training necessary to facilitate this. This may necessitate the involvement of carers in the design and testing of new educational interventions. [source] | ||||||||||