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Practical Knowledge (practical + knowledge)
Selected AbstractsRULES, TECHNIQUE, AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE: A WITTGENSTEINIAN EXPLORATION OF VOCATIONAL LEARNINGEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 4 2006Christopher WinchArticle first published online: 30 NOV 200 He argues that most rule-following is only successful when it involves a degree of flexibility. For instance, most technical work that involves rule-following requires flexibility and situational awareness for success. Technical education that fails to take account of the need to apply rules in a way that accounts for a wide variety of situations is likely to be unsuccessful. Winch offers an account of professional judgment based on Stephen Toulmin's theory of argumentation and discusses progression from novice to expert in terms of Toulmin's analysis. He also considers the relation between vocational education and other practices in the context of the wider civic implications of occupational practice. [source] Practical Knowledge and Institutional Design in India's Affirmative ActionANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 2 2000Frank De Swart First page of article [source] Facilitating process control teaching and learning in a virtual laboratory environmentCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 2 2002T. Murphy Abstract The rapid pace of technological developments and the high cost of engineering equipment, pose several challenges to traditional modes of engineering education. Innovations in education are desirable. In particular, education on practical aspects of engineering and personnel training can be enhanced through the use of virtual laboratories. Such educative experiences allow a student to better understand the theoretical aspects of the discipline in addition to its integration with practical knowledge. In this work, the development, set-up and application of a virtual twin heat exchanger plant is described. The philosophy and methodology of our approach is described, including the implementation details and our experience in using it. The effectiveness of the platform in educating students and in training industrial personnel is described. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 10: 79,87, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com.); DOI 10.1002/cae.10011 [source] Connecting Vicarious Experience to PracticeCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2002Carola Conle Looking at student teachers' assignments in an educational foundations course, we explore the function of vicarious experience in relation to several candidates' practical knowledge. Finding that students could develop resonance,type responses to a multitude of segments from autobiographical works, we explore what can be recognized about the usefulness of such responses in relation to particular students' practical knowledge and action. Three hypotheses are developed concerning the connections we recognized among vicarious experience, resonance, and practical knowledge. [source] Pluralist action research: a review of the information systems literature,INFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Mike Chiasson Abstract Action research (AR) has for many years been promoted and practised as one way to conduct field studies within the information systems (IS) discipline. Based on a review of articles published in leading journals, we explore how IS researchers practise AR. Our review suggests that AR lends itself strongly towards pluralist approaches which facilitate the production of both theoretical and practical knowledge. First, on the level of each study we analyse how research and problem-solving activities are mixed, in three ways: the research dominant, the problem-solving dominant and the interactive approaches. Second, in the context of the wider research programme in which the study is situated, we analyse how AR is mixed with other research methods, in two ways: the dominant and the sequential approaches. We argue that these pluralist practices of mixing types of research activities and types of research methods provide IS action researchers with a rich portfolio of approaches to knowledge production. This portfolio helps them address the risks involved in AR to ensure their efforts contribute to the literature as well as to practical problem-solving. [source] Theorizing TQM: An Austrian and Evolutionary Economics InterpretationJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 2 2000Todd H. Chiles Born out of management practice, the principles of TQM (total quality management) have had a profound and unparalleled impact on modern business history. However, as a body of practical knowledge, TQM has been largely atheoretical. As a consequence, this important management philosophy has remained amorphous and shrouded in considerable conceptual haziness and ambiguity. Recent theorizing, primarily emphasizing the application of organizational behaviour theories to TQM, has begun to provide greater clarity, but much work remains to be done. This paper attempts to contribute to this nascent theory-building literature by employing theory from market process economics (MPE), namely, Austrian and evolutionary economics, which explains how processes of dynamic change, adaptation, and learning are driven by entrepreneurial creativity. We contend that the patterns in this body of theory match, to a remarkable degree, the patterns of practical knowledge contained in the TQM literature. We demonstrate this ,pattern-matching' by showing that MPE effectively provides the theoretical underpinnings of TQM's three main principles , customer focus, continuous improvement and teamwork , as well as the respective TQM topics of customer perceptions, adaptation in dynamic environments, and knowledge creation. Having established MPE as a credible theoretical lens for interpreting TQM, it can be used to clarify fuzzy areas that have remained in the TQM literature with the potential to take us beyond what we know now. We illustrate this with three examples that show how we can resolve debates in TQM over incentive systems, recognize that TQM embraces methodological pluralism in the collection and analysis of data, and highlight hidden dangers that attend benchmarking. While MPE has no monopoly on theoretical interpretations of TQM, it is unique in its ability to comprehensively cover the incredible breadth of this practical body of knowledge, and in its interpretation of TQM as a dynamic economic endeavour. [source] At the Interface of School and WorkJOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 3 2005Theodore Lewis The current emphasis that organisations are placing upon knowledge and the corresponding attention that workplace epistemological values are receiving within the educational community has resulted in an interesting convergence of discourses,school-based and work-based. Even as workplaces are tending toward abstraction over practice,based knowing, schools are being nudged into doing the reverse. The result of this ferment is that traditional barriers between these kinds of knowledge are being removed. As can be seen from workplace examples, it is possible for liberal learning to be in the service of instrumental ends. So too schools may come to see more clearly the value of situatedness and team-work in the transaction of liberal learning. More generally, we see also new possibilities for retreat from received views about the worth of practical knowledge. [source] Teen Court: What Jurors Can Tell Us About the ProcessJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004DEBORAH KIRBY FORGAYS ABSTRACT Teen courts are on the increase throughout the United States. These courts provide an opportunity for youth offenders to receive sentences from their adolescent peers rather than from an adult panel or judge. Yet, we know t very little about the teen jurors' perspective or whether their sentences reflect restorative justice principles. In more than 100 youth juror surveys, t teens describe their experiences as they develop sentences consistent with restorative justice tenets. Through their participation, youth jurors gain practical knowledge about and respect for the judicial system. The efficacy of the sentences is validated by high offender sentence completion. [source] How can everyday practical knowledge be understood with inspiration from philosophy?NURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2006Else Lykkeslet rn dr. polit Abstract, Many nursing scholars are inspired by philosophy when investigating phenomena within nursing. This paper focuses on the everyday practical knowledge of nurses. Based on an empirical project carried out in a surgical ward the authors make an attempt, with help from philosophy, at identifying and conceptualizing elements of knowledge in everyday practice. With reference to texts by Heidegger and Wittgenstein the authors investigate two dimensions of nursing knowledge: a dimension of doing and a dimension of being. These dimensions are further developed and concretized in the paper. The doing dimension is emphasized through the concepts of adapting and exploring. The being dimension has its basis in being understanding and being connected. These two dimensions constitute a form of knowledge which is mobile and flexible. This knowledge is in place in everyday situations and it works where it is supposed to work. [source] Perspectives on Prescribing: Pioneers' Narratives and AdvicePERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2002Ann Hales PhD PURPOSE. To recount "pearls of wisdom" concerning prescriptive privileges of the psychiatric nursing pioneers. METHODS. A thematic analysis of documented "stories" from 32 psychiatric APNs concerning acquisition of and having prescriptive privileges. FINDINGS. A thematic analysis of psychiatric APN stories revealed five major themes related to prescriptive authority: acquisition of knowledge, professional and patient relationships, legislative logistics, balance within the role, and management of anxiety and the sense of responsibility. CONCLUSIONS. Prescriptive authority offers broad opportunities for advanced practice psychiatric nurses. Educational programs include competencies and skills for prescribing, but another learning tool is the use of collective practical knowledge and wisdom offered by psychiatric nurses who are pioneers in the prescribing arena. [source] Community Based and Community Focused: Nursing Education in Community HealthPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2000Cheryl Feenstra Ph.D., R.N.C. Nurses have always cared for individuals, families, groups, and communities in their practice. Recently there has been an increase in the focus on nurses working outside of the hospital, primarily in community-based settings that focus on individuals and families. There is also increasing emphasis on community-focused nursing care with the community as the client. In some nursing programs, nurse educators have tried to adjust to this change by increasing the amount of time that nursing students spend in the community. The focus of this experience ranges from individuals to populations. This article describes a one-semester community health course in a baccalaureate nursing program that gives students both theoretical and practical knowledge in caring for individuals, families, groups, and communities. This allows for practice and understanding of both community-based and community-focused nursing care. [source] Effective primate conservation education: gaps and opportunitiesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Susan K. Jacobson Abstract Conservation education goals generally include influencing people's conservation awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Effective programs can help foster sustainable behavior, improve public support for conservation, reduce vandalism and poaching in protected areas, improve compliance with conservation regulations, increase recreation carrying capacities, and influence policies and decisions that affect the environment. Primate conservation problems cut across many disciplines, and primate conservation education must likewise address crossdisciplinary issues. Conservation educators must incorporate both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to develop effective programs, and the skill set must stretch beyond pedagogy. Expertize needed comes from the areas of planning, collaboration, psychology, entertainment, and evaluation. Integration of these elements can lead to greater program success. Am. J. Primatol. 72:414,419, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] CAN THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF TOURISM MAKE US BETTER TRAVELERS?ANNALS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE, Issue 1 2005ERVE CHAMBERS Although the deliberate study of tourism is still relatively new in anthropology, we have over the past couple of decades managed to accumulate an impressive amount of research and experience. This article asks whether our inquiries can provide us with any practical knowledge regarding how tourism is conducted. While it has proven difficult to generalize the impacts of tourism upon particular communities, I argue here that our present knowledge can help us develop guidelines for responsible tourism that are more realistic than those that are usually offered. The danger for well-meaning travelers is that they are often encouraged to assume that their motives alone place them above those mass travelers who are so easily criticized for their lack of cultural interest or sensitivity. The anthropological approach to tourism described here suggests that we might be better off if we recognize that our intrusions into the places of others are not really all that different. This article provides some "alternative travel tips" aimed at creating more aware travelers. [source] | ||||||||||||||||