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Power Resources (power + resource)
Selected AbstractsA new algorithm for reactive power management and pricing in an open access environmentEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 2 2008G. Reza Yousefi Abstract In deregulated electricity markets, reactive power is one of the ancillary services that is provided by the Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper we propose a new algorithm to ,tune' reactive power resources with the objectives of minimizing active power losses and optimizing system voltage profile and stability. In our solution, we assume that reactive power resources are either owned by or are under long-term contracts with the ISO. The optimization problem is solved as an Extended Multi-objective Optimal Power Flow (EMOPF) problem using Lexico Graphic Method (LGM). Thereafter, using the concept of Fair Resource Allocation (FRA), the cost of reactive power is allocated to existing transactions. The application of the algorithm to a test system is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Power of the Chair: Formal Leadership in International CooperationINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2010Jonas Tallberg This article addresses the influence wielded by the formal leaders of international cooperation,those state or supranational representatives that chair and direct negotiations in the major decision bodies of multilateral organizations and conferences. This is a topic that so far has received limited systematic attention by IR theorists, who have tended to treat bargaining parties as functionally and formally equivalent, leaving little theoretical space for formal leadership. Drawing on rational choice institutionalism, I introduce a theory that develops a coherent argument for the delegation of authority to the chairmanship, the power resources of negotiation chairs, and the influence of formal leaders over outcomes. I assess the explanatory power of this theory through evidence on formal leadership in three alternative organizational settings: the European Union, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/the World Trade Organization, and the United Nations environmental conferences. I find in favor of the chairmanship as a source of independent influence in international cooperation. Formal leaders perform functions of agenda management, brokerage, and representation that make it more likely for negotiations to succeed, and possess privileged resources that may enable them to steer negotiations toward the agreements they most prefer. [source] A Social Representations Approach To The Communication Between Different Spheres: An Analysis Of The Impacts Of Two Discursive FormatsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2009SUSANA BATEL This paper discusses the potential of the notions of reification and consensualization as developed by the theory of social representations as analytical tools for addressing the communication between the lay and scientific spheres. Social Representations Theory started by offering an over-sharp distinction between the reified and the consensual universes of which science and common sense, respectively, were presented as paradigmatic. This paper, however, suggests that the notions of consensual and reified can be considered as describing two distinct communicative formats: reification implying the use of arguments which establish prescriptions for representations and action, and consensualization relying on arguments which recognize the heterogeneity of representation and action. We illustrate this proposal through the analysis of a case in which the expert and the lay spheres of a Lisbon neighborhood opposed each other regarding the new laws of public participation in community matters. This analysis showed how reification and consensualization can be used as discursive formats by both spheres. The implications of the use of reification and consensualization and how they may depend on several power resources and have different impacts on social change are discussed. [source] The Underpinnings of ,Bureaucratic' Control Systems: HRM in European MultinationalsJOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 4 2000Anthony Ferner This paper explores the relationship between the operation of management control systems and the mobilization of power resources in multinational companies. It argues that formal ,bureaucratic' controls depend for their effective operation on informal systems and the power relations they embody. In particular, bureaucratic control systems rely inherently on the deployment of ,social' control mechanisms relating to the creation of common value systems, understandings, and expectations about the ,rules of the game' among corporate actors. The argument is illustrated by material from case studies of HRM in British and German multinationals. [source] Women, Power and Trade Union Government in the UKBRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 3 2000Geraldine Healy This paper addresses the under-explored relationship between women's structures and union democracy and argues that women's structural progress is mediated by an enduring gendered oligarchy and an associated struggle to access power resources. It provides, first, an analysis over time of women's structures in UK unions, and second, a case-study analysis of the Manufacturing, Science and Finance (MSF) trade union. The analysis over time demonstrates women's progress in achieving positional power, but conceals the complexity of the way different resources are used to constrain and enable women trade unionists. [source] | ||||||||||