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Posterior Ciliary Arteries (posterior + ciliary_artery)
Kinds of Posterior Ciliary Arteries Selected AbstractsEffects of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin®) therapy on retrobulbar blood flow parameters in patients with neovascular age-related macular degenerationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 2 2010Ahmet Mete MD Abstract Background. To investigate the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab on retrobulbar circulation in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Method. Thirty patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were assessed prospectively by both color Doppler imaging and fundus fluorescein angiography. Spectral Doppler analysis allowed the measurement of the maximum velocity (Vmax) and minimum velocity (Vmin) of the central retinal vein (CRV), and peak systolic (PSV), end-diastolic (EDV) velocities of blood flows, and pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) values in the central retinal artery (CRA), nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries (NPCA, TPCA), and ophthalmic artery (OA). The t test for paired samples was used to compare retrobulbar blood flow values before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Result. PSV and EDV of the NPCA and PSV of the TPCA were significantly decreased after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the other parameters. Conclusion. Our results suggest that intravitreal bevacizumab therapy has a measurable effect on retrobulbar blood flow. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010 [source] Orbital blood flow velocities in patients with rheumatoid arthritisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 7 2007Besir Erdogmus MD Abstract Purpose. To assess orbital blood flow changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Doppler sonography. Patients and Methods. The study comprised 35 patients who were diagnosed with RA and were treated at the Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation at Duzce Medical School. A control group consisted of 35 healthy volunteers. Color Doppler imaging was used to measure peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV), from which the resistance index (RI) was calculated in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs). Results. In the OA, PSV, EDV, and RI were, respectively, 36.7 ± 0.6 cm/sec, 9.7 ± 0.2 cm/sec, and 0.73 in the control group versus 34.7 ± 3.0 cm/sec, 9.1 ± 1.1 cm/sec, and 0.74 in the patient group. In the CRA, they were, respectively, 11.8 ± 1.7 cm/sec, 3.6 ± 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the control group versus 11.1 ± 1.7 cm/sec, 3.4 ± 0.7 cm/sec, and 0.68 in the patient group. In the PCAs, they were, respectively, 13.2 ± 1.2 cm/sec, 4.7 ± 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.65 in the control group versus 12.4 ± 1.2 cm/sec, 4.2 ± 0.6 cm/sec, and 0.66 in the PCAs. PSV, EDV, and RI of the PCAs and OA and RI of the CRA were significantly different between patients and controls, whereas there was no difference in the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. In the patient group, there was a significant correlation between orbital blood flow and duration of disease. Conclusion. Ocular blood flow appears to be slightly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that RA is a systemic inflammatory disease that may also involve ocular vessels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007 [source] Doppler measurement of blood flow velocities in extraocular orbital vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromeJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 5 2003C. Zuhal Erdem MD Abstract Purpose. We used color Doppler sonography to determine blood flow velocities in the extraocular orbital vessels of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and compared the results with those of healthy control subjects without OSAS. Methods. Patients with OSAS were classified according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as having mild OSAS (AHI < 20) or severe OSAS (AHI , 20). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index were measured in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), lateral short posterior ciliary artery, and medial short posterior ciliary artery using color Doppler sonography. Only 1 eye was measured in each study participant, and right and left eyes were chosen randomly. The blood flow velocities of patients with OSAS and those of control subjects were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Results. The study comprised 30 patients (15 with mild and 15 with severe OSAS) and 20 healthy control subjects. Blood flow velocities were higher in most measured vessels in patients with OSAS than they were in the control subjects. Among patients with mild OSAS, the PSVs and EDVs in the posterior ciliary arteries were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), but those in the OA and CRA did not differ significantly between the mild OSAS group and the control group (p > 0.05). However, as the severity of OSAS increased, the PSVs and EDVs of the OA and CRA were also affected (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Color Doppler sonographic measurements of blood flow parameters in the orbital vessels may differ significantly between patients with OSAS and those without the syndrome. Therefore, OSAS should be considered in addition to other conditions when interpreting the results of color Doppler sonography of the extraocular orbital vessels if the clinical history points toward such a diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 31:250,257, 2003 [source] Observer experience improves reproducibility of color doppler sonography of orbital blood vesselsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 6 2002János Németh MD Abstract Purpose. The study investigated the reproducibility of orbital blood flow measurements with color Doppler imaging (CDI) at different stages of observer experience. Methods. The subjects were 31 healthy volunteers and 2 sequential groups of 25 glaucoma patients each. Repeated blood flow measurements (usually 3 sets) in orbital vessels (ophthalmic artery, short posterior ciliary arteries, central retinal artery, and central retinal vein) were performed by the same observer in a single session in each subject. Results. The parameters with the best reproducibility were the resistance index (mean coefficient of variation [COV], 3.3,8.8%), the peak systolic velocity (mean COV, 6.9,13.7%), the time-averaged velocity (mean COV, 7.2,16.0%), and the systolic acceleration time (mean COV, 8.8,12.3%). The mean COV was greater (9.9,20.3%) for the other arterial flow parameters (end-diastolic velocity and systolic acceleration) and for the venous flow velocities (maximum and minimum). The COVs of the parameters were improved by 20,40% as the observer became more experienced in ophthalmic CDI. Conclusions. We confirm the general reliability of CDI measurements in orbital vessels and show that observer experience improves reproducibility. It appears, however, that observer performance in these measurements is vessel specific. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:332,335, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10079 [source] Effects of moxaverine on ocular blood flow in patients with age-related macular degeneration, patients with primary open angle glaucoma and in healthy controlsACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009B PEMP Purpose Several common eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are associated with ocular perfusion abnormalities. Moxaverine has been shown to increase ocular blood flow in young, healthy volunteers after intravenous administration. The present study investigated whether moxaverine alters ocular blood flow in elderly patients with AMD or POAG and in healthy control subjects. Methods 20 patients with AMD, 20 patients with POAG and 20 age-matched healthy subjects were included in this trial. 150 mg moxaverine (Ursapharm, Saarbrücken, Germany) was administered intravenously over 30 minutes. Systemic haemodynamics, retinal vessel diameters, choroidal, optic nerve head and retrobulbar blood flow were measured before and up to 90 minutes after drug administration. Results Administration of moxaverine increased choroidal blood flow by 8.7 ± 21.8% (p=0.012) and optic nerve head blood flow by 12.9 ± 33.3% (p=0.021). Additionally, an increase in the mean flow velocities of posterior ciliary arteries (24.8 ± 34.7%, p<0.001) and in the ophthalmic artery (23.3 ± 33.5%, p<0.001) was found after administration of moxaverine. However, no differences were found between the 3 study groups. No significant change of retinal vessel diameters was observed. Conclusion The present study indicates an increase of ocular blood flow after systemic administration of a single dose of moxaverine in patients with POAG, patients with AMD and in age-matched healthy controls. Further studies are needed to investigate possible beneficial effects after long-term treatment in patients with ocular diseases associated with hypoperfusion. [source] Colour Doppler examination of early and late orbital haemodynamic changes in eyes with eyelid oedema due to blunt traumaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2 2006Mehmet Numan Alp Abstract. Purpose:,To evaluate the early and late alterations in orbital blood flow parameters in eyes with severe eyelid swelling due to blunt trauma by using colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDU). Methods:,Blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) and central retinal vein (CRV) were examined by CDU in 62 eyes of 31 patients with unilateral blunt trauma and in 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects. Patients were examined within the first 5 days and at least 1 month after trauma. The traumatized eyes of patients were designated ,trauma eyes', non-traumatized fellow eyes were designated ,fellow eyes', and randomly chosen eyes of control subjects ,control eyes'. Results:,In the early phase, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) in the OA in trauma eyes were statistically significantly higher than in both fellow eyes and control eyes: the p-values for the differences in PSV and EDV between trauma eyes and fellow eyes were p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively, while the p-values for the differences in PSV and EDV between trauma eyes and control eyes were p = 0.002 and p = 0.019, respectively). No other blood flow parameters obtained at the first examination in all groups were statistically different. In the late phase, PSV in the OA in trauma eyes was found to be higher than that in both fellow eyes and control eyes, but the difference was significant only between trauma eyes and fellow eyes (p = 0.028). End diastolic velocity in the CRA was statistically significantly lower in fellow eyes than in control eyes (p = 0.046). No other blood flow parameters in any vessels examined in fellow eyes and control eyes were statistically significantly different during the study period. Conclusion:,Blood flow velocities detected by CDU are increased in the OA in eyes with eyelid oedema due to blunt trauma and some of these changes may persist for up to 1 month. This effect seems to be a consequence of trauma-induced hyperaemia in the orbital soft tissues rather than an expression of traumatic choroidal vasculopathy. [source] Pseudoexfoliatio capsulae and endothelin-1 plasma levelsACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue S232 2000G. L. Possati M. Cellini Summary The authors found an increase of endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma levels in patients with pseudoexfoliatio syndrome (PXS): 2.730±0.224 pg/ml vs 1.420±0.30S pg/ml. With Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) they found in PXS patients a decrease of peak systolic velocity values in the posterior ciliary arteries that were 12.725 ± 2.536 cm/sec vs 15.450 ± 3.173 cm/sec (p<0.049) while the resistance values were increased 0.640 ± 0.051 vs 0.548 ± 0.058 (p<0.001). The increase of ET-1 plasma levels may assess the vasospasm and uveal tissue hypoxia. [source] CASE REPORT: Clinical application of mfERG/VEP in assessing superior altitudinal hemifield lossCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY, Issue 4 2005Dr Henry Ho-lung Chan PhD FAAO Multifocal ERG (mfERG) and multifocal VEP (mfVEP) have been used widely in the investigation of pathological changes or functional variations in the visual system. Altitudinal hemifield loss is a visual field defect that is usually found in patients with ischaemic optic neuropathy (ION). Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a complex multi-factorial disease and it is difficult to diagnose according to clinical symptoms and signs alone. AION is believed to be caused by an infarction of the optic nerve due to the occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries. The current report presents a patient diagnosed with non-arteritic AION. In this report, the mfERG findings did not match the results of the visual field test but those of the mfVEP did. After consideration of the visual electrophysiological and visual field results, the defect arises from neither the retina nor the visual pathway behind the optic chiasma. Hence, the optic nerve is the most likely location of the lesion, causing the superior altitudinal hemi-field loss. This report shows that the mfERG and mfVEP techniques can be used for objective visual field assessment to supplement the conventional visual field testing. [source] Doppler measurement of blood flow velocities in extraocular orbital vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromeJOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND, Issue 5 2003C. Zuhal Erdem MD Abstract Purpose. We used color Doppler sonography to determine blood flow velocities in the extraocular orbital vessels of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and compared the results with those of healthy control subjects without OSAS. Methods. Patients with OSAS were classified according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as having mild OSAS (AHI < 20) or severe OSAS (AHI , 20). The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index were measured in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), lateral short posterior ciliary artery, and medial short posterior ciliary artery using color Doppler sonography. Only 1 eye was measured in each study participant, and right and left eyes were chosen randomly. The blood flow velocities of patients with OSAS and those of control subjects were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Results. The study comprised 30 patients (15 with mild and 15 with severe OSAS) and 20 healthy control subjects. Blood flow velocities were higher in most measured vessels in patients with OSAS than they were in the control subjects. Among patients with mild OSAS, the PSVs and EDVs in the posterior ciliary arteries were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05), but those in the OA and CRA did not differ significantly between the mild OSAS group and the control group (p > 0.05). However, as the severity of OSAS increased, the PSVs and EDVs of the OA and CRA were also affected (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Color Doppler sonographic measurements of blood flow parameters in the orbital vessels may differ significantly between patients with OSAS and those without the syndrome. Therefore, OSAS should be considered in addition to other conditions when interpreting the results of color Doppler sonography of the extraocular orbital vessels if the clinical history points toward such a diagnosis. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 31:250,257, 2003 [source] The morphometric analysis of the central retinal arteryOPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS, Issue 4 2005Necdet Kocabiyik Abstract In this study, we aimed to investigate some features of the central retinal artery (CRA), which supplies the internal aspect of the retina. The CRA is the main vessel supplying blood to the retina. The origin, course and penetration point of the optic nerve by the CRA were studied in 30 human orbits. We compared the right sides to the left sides on the basis of gender in order to statistically analyse the relation between them. The CRA arose directly from the ophthalmic artery in 28 specimens. In two specimens, however, it arose in common with the medial posterior ciliary artery. When we observed the penetration point (site) of the CRA into the optic nerve, in 28 of 30 (93.3%) cases, the artery entered the nerve from the lower medial aspect and in two (6.7%) cases from the upper lateral aspect. The CRA penetrated the optic nerve between 6.4 and 15.2 mm behind the eyeball and reached the eyeball through the centre of the optic nerve. Because of the small diameter of the artery, it has a high risk of getting damaged during a surgical approach to the orbit. Therefore the anatomical relationships of this artery must be well known. [source] 3254: Neurovascular coupling in the retrobulbar ciliary circulationACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010O ZEITZ Purpose Perfusion of the retina is adapted to the metabolic demand by neurovascular coupling. Neurovascular coupling has shown to be present in the retinal vasculature, but not in vessels supplying the optic nerve. The present study investigated the presence of neurovascular coupling in the anterior part of the optic nerve in healthy and glaucoma subjects. Methods Retrobulbar blood flow velocities were determined by color Doppler imaging (CDI). A Siemens Elegra ultrasound system with a 7.5L40 transducer was used. Peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities (PSV and EDV) in the central retinal artery (CRA) or the short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) were the primary readout. CDI measurements were performed shortly before, during, immediately after, 60 s after, and 120 s after a 10-Hz flicker stimulation of the retina. Results Thirty-five glaucoma patients and 44 healthy control subjects were included in the study. In the SPCA of healthy controls, flicker stimulation led to a rise of PSV from 9.7±0.8 to 12.5±0.8 cm/s (P<0.001; N=24) and of EDV from 2.4±0.3 to 3.6±0.3 cm/s (P<0.001; N=24). This effect was not detectable in glaucoma patients. In the CRA, flicker light led to an increase of EDV from 2.1±0.2 to 3.0±0.3 cm/s (P=0.002; N=20) in healthy volunteers and from 1.3±0.2 to 2.0±0.2 cm/s in glaucoma patients (P=0.004; N=15). PSV was affected by flicker stimulation in neither the healthy volunteers nor glaucoma patients. Conclusion The data indicate the presence of neurovascular coupling in the vascular bed supplied by the paraoptic SPCA. The response pattern to the flicker stimulus differs between healthy and glaucoma subjects. [source] Predictors for visual field progression and the effects of treatment with dorzolamide 2% or brinzolamide 1% each added to timolol 0.5% in primary open-angle glaucomaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 5 2010Antonio Martínez Abstract. Purpose:, This study aims to identify progression factors in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), including the effects of treatment with dorzolamide 2% or brinzolamide 1%, each added to timolol 0.5%. Methods:, A sample of 161 POAG patients were prospectively randomized to receive either dorzolamide 2% (DT) or brinzolamide 1% (BT) b.i.d., each added to timolol 0.5%, during a 60-month, evaluator-masked study. Progression was determined by perimetric criteria. Factors associated with visual field progression were estimated using a conditional Cox hazard model with patient intraclass correlation and were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results:, Predictive baseline factors were lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP), lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), antihypertensive treatment, lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the ophthalmic artery (OA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA), and a higher resistivity index (RI) in the OA and SPCA. Progression risk decreased by approximately 30% and 20% with each centimetre per second increase of EDV in the OA and SPCA, respectively, from baseline to the last follow-up visit. Each RI decrease (or increase) of 0.01 unit in the OA or SPCA was associated with an approximate 20% decrease (or increase) in risk for progression. In a multivariate analysis, progression risk was significantly lower in eyes treated with DT (HR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.41,0.90) compared with those treated with BT. Conclusions:, Progression increased with lower DBP, lower MAP, antihypertensive medication, lower EDV in the OA and SPCA, and higher RI in the OA and SPCA. The risk for progression in patients treated with DT was half that in patients treated with BT. [source] The effect of photodynamic therapy on retrobulbar blood flow parametersCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Peykan Türkçüo, lu MD Abstract Purpose:, To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on retrobulbar blood flow parameters. Methods:, Twenty-four patients with choroidal neovascular membrane of at least four MPS disc area in one eye due to age-related macular degeneration scheduled for PDT were recruited. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocity of ophthalmic, central retinal and posterior ciliary artery of both eyes were measured with colour Doppler imaging and resistivity index were computed before, at the first and fourth weeks following PDT. Results:, Following PDT, the mean peak systolic velocity of posterior ciliary artery increased significantly to a value of 31.90 ± 13.44 at the first (P = 0001), then returned to an insignificant value of 29.95 ± 13.03 at the fourth week (P = 0.360), when compared with pre-PDT mean measurement (30.16 ± 13.15). Resistivity index of posterior ciliary artery also increased significantly to a value of 0.740 ± 0.77 at the first (P = 0.046), then returned to an insignificant value of 0.666 ± 0.14 at the fourth week (P = 0.407), when compared with pre-PDT mean measurement (0.709 ± 0.90). All the other measured data (peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, resistivity index of ophthalmic and central retinal artery; end diastolic velocity of posterior ciliary artery of the treated eyes; all colour Doppler imaging measurements of untreated eyes) did not show any significant change at the first and fourth week following PDT, when compared with the pre-PDT values. Conclusion:, The peak systolic velocity and resistivity index of the posterior ciliary artery appear to increase in the first week and return to their baseline values at the fourth week following PDT. [source] | ||||||||||