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Possible Directions (possible + direction)
Selected AbstractsUsing Decision Tree Induction Systems for Modeling Space-Time BehaviorGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2000T. A. Arentze Discrete choice models are commonly used to predict individuals' activity and travel choices either separately or simultaneously in activity-scheduling models. This paper investigates the possibilities of decision tree induction systems as an alternative approach. The ability of decision trees to represent heuristic decision rules is evaluated and a method of capturing interactions across decisions in a sequential decision model is outlined. Decision tree induction algorithms, such as C4.5, CART, and CHAID, are suited to derive the decision rules from empirical data. A case study to illustrate the approach considers decisions of individuals when they are faced with the choice to combine different out-of-home activities into a multipurpose, multistop trip or make a trip for each activity separately. Data from a large-scale activity diary survey are used to induce the decision rules. Possible directions of future research are identified. [source] Participatory Communication with Social MediaCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2008Angelina Russo This marks a shift in how museums publicly communicate their role as custodians of cultural content and so presents debate around an institution's attitude towards cultural authority. It also signifies a new possible direction for museum learning. This article reports on a range of initiatives that demonstrate how participatory communication via social media can be integrated into museum practices. It argues that the social media space presents an ideal opportunity for museums to build online communities of interest around authentic cultural information, and concludes with some recent findings on and recommendations for social media implementation. [source] Large eddy simulation of passive scalar in complex turbulence with flow impingement and flow separationHEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 5 2001Ken-ichi Abe Abstract In order to reveal unknown characteristics of complex turbulent passive scalar fields, large eddy simulations in forced convection regimes have been performed under several strain conditions, including flow impingement and flow separation. By using the simulation results, relations between the dynamic and scalar fields are carefully examined. It is then confirmed that the scalar is transported by a large vortex structure near the examined regions wherever the mean shear vanishes, although in the high-shear regions, the scalar transport is governed by a coherent structure due to the high shear strain. In addition, a priori explorations are attempted by processing the data, focusing on the derivation of a possible direction for modeling algebraically the passive scalar transport in a complex strain field. The a priori tests suggest that an expanded form of the GGDH model introducing a quadratic product of the Reynolds stresses is promising for general flow cases. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(5): 402,418, 2001 [source] Assessment of bruxism in the clinic,JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2008K. KOYANO Summary, Bruxism is a much-discussed clinical issue in dentistry. Although bruxism is not a life-threatening disorder, it can influence the quality of human life, especially through dental problems, such as tooth wear, frequent fractures of dental restorations and pain in the oro-facial region. Therefore, various clinical methods have been devised to assess bruxism over the last 70 years. This paper reviews the assessment of bruxism, provides information on various assessment methods which are available in clinical situations and discusses their effectiveness and usefulness. Currently, there is no definitive method for assessing bruxism clinically that has reasonable diagnostic and technical validity, affects therapeutic decisions and is cost effective. One future direction is to refine questionnaire items and clinical examination because they are the easiest to apply in everyday practice. Another possible direction is to establish a method that can measure actual bruxism activity directly using a device that can be applied to patients routinely. More clinical studies should examine the clinical impact of bruxism on oral structures, treatment success and the factors influencing the decision-making process in dental treatment. [source] Design, Meanings, and Radical Innovation: A Metamodel and a Research Agenda,THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2008Roberto Verganti Recent studies on design management have helped us to better comprehend how companies can apply design to get closer to users and to better understand their needs; this is an approach usually referred to as user-centered design. Yet analysis of design-intensive manufacturers such as Alessi, Artemide, and other leading Italian firms shows that their innovation process hardly starts from a close observation of user needs and requirements. Rather, they follow a different strategy called design-driven innovation in this paper. This strategy aims at radically change the emotional and symbolic content of products (i.e., their meanings and languages) through a deep understanding of broader changes in society, culture, and technology. Rather than being pulled by user requirements, design-driven innovation is pushed by a firm's vision about possible new product meanings and languages that could diffuse in society. Design-driven innovation, which plays such a crucial role in the innovation strategy of design intensive firms, has still remained largely unexplored. This paper aims at providing a possible direction to fill this empty spot in innovation management literature. In particular, first it proposes a metamodel for investigating design-driven innovation in which a manufacturer's ability to understand, anticipate, and influence emergence of new product meanings is built by relying on external interpreters (e.g., designers, firms in other industries, suppliers, schools, artists, the media) that share its same problem: to understand the evolution of sociocultural models and to propose new visions and meanings. Managing design-driven innovation therefore implies managing the interaction with these interpreters to access, share, and internalize knowledge on product languages and to influence shifts in sociocultural models. Second, the paper proposes a possible direction to scientifically investigate the management of this networked and collective research process. In particular, it shows that the process of creating breakthrough innovations of meanings partially mirrors the process of creating breakthrough technological innovations. Studies of design-driven innovation may therefore benefit significantly from the existing body of theories in the field of technology management. The analysis of the analogies between these two types of radical innovations (i.e., meanings and technologies) allows a research agenda to be set for exploration of design-driven innovation, a relevant as well as underinvestigated phenomenon. [source] Response to three-component seismic motion of arbitrary directionEARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2002Julio J. Hernández Abstract This paper presents a response spectrum analysis procedure for the calculation of the maximum structural response to three translational seismic components that may act at any inclination relative to the reference axes of the structure. The formula GCQC3, a generalization of the known CQC3-rule, incorporates the correlation between the seismic components along the axes of the structure and the intensity disparities between them. Contrary to the CQC3-rule where a principal seismic component must be vertical, in the GCQC3-rule all components can have any direction. Besides, the GCQC3-rule is applicable if we impose restrictions to the maximum inclination and/or intensity of a principal seismic component; in this case two components may be quasi-horizontal and the third may be quasi-vertical. This paper demonstrates that the critical responses of the structure, defined as the maximum and minimum responses considering all possible directions of incidence of one seismic component, are given by the square root of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the response matrix R, of order 3×3, defined in this paper; the elements of R are established on the basis of the modal responses used in the well-known CQC-rule. The critical responses to the three principal seismic components with arbitrary directions in space are easily calculated by combining the eigenvalues of R and the intensities of those components. The ratio rmax/rSRSS between the maximum response and the SRSS response, the latter being the most unfavourable response to the principal seismic components acting along the axes of the structure, is bounded between 1 and ,(3,a2/(,a2 + ,b2 + ,c2)), where ,a,,b,,c are the relative intensities of the three seismic components with identical spectral shape. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Subsidized Island Biogeography Hypothesis: another new twist on an old theoryECOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2001W.B. Anderson We present a new hypothesis for predicting and describing patterns of species diversity on small islands and habitat fragments. We have modified the traditional island biogeography equilibrium theory to incorporate the influence of spatial subsidies from the surrounding matrix, which vary among islands and habitat fragments, on species diversities. The modification indicates three possible directions for the effects of spatial subsidies on diversity, which depend on where the focal community falls on the hypothesized unimodal curve of the productivity,diversity relationship. The idea is novel because no recent syntheses of productivity,diversity,area relationships examine the role of allochthonous resources on recipient communities' diversity patterns. [source] Flexible models with evolving structureINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2004Plamen P. Angelov A type of flexible model in the form of a neural network (NN) with evolving structure is discussed in this study. We refer to models with amorphous structure as flexible models. There is a close link between different types of flexible models: fuzzy models, fuzzy NN, and general regression models. All of them are proven universal approximators and some of them [Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model with singleton outputs and radial-basis function] are interchangeable. The evolving NN (eNN) considered here makes use of the recently introduced on-line approach to identification of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with evolving structure (eTS). Both TS and eNN differ from the other model schemes by their gradually evolving structure as opposed to the fixed structure models, in which only parameters are subject to optimization or adaptation. The learning algorithm is incremental and combines unsupervised on-line recursive clustering and supervised recursive on-line output parameter estimation. eNN has potential in modeling, control (if combined with the indirect learning mechanism), fault detection and diagnostics etc. Its computational efficiency is based on the noniterative and recursive procedure, which combines the Kalman filter with proper initializations and on-line unsupervised clustering. The eNN has been tested with data from a real air-conditioning installation. Applications to real-time adaptive nonlinear control, fault detection and diagnostics, performance analysis, time-series forecasting, knowledge extraction and accumulation, are possible directions of their use in future research. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL DURATION MODELS IN FINANCE: A SURVEY OF THE THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL LITERATUREJOURNAL OF ECONOMIC SURVEYS, Issue 4 2008Maria Pacurar Abstract This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the main theoretical developments in autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) modeling and empirical studies using financial data. First, we discuss the properties of the standard ACD specification and its extensions, existing diagnostic tests, and joint models for the arrival times of events and some market characteristics. Then, we present the empirical applications of ACD models to different types of events, and identify possible directions for future research. [source] Beauty Spot, Blind Spot: Romantic WalesLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008Mary-Ann Constantine Romantic-period Wales was a fascinating place: part literary construct, part tourist destination, it appears in the work of many writers as a locus of alternative possibilities, both political and personal. Welsh landscape, language and literature attracted poets, artists, antiquarians and historians alike, and an energetic literary cultural revival within Wales produced a rich blend of texts, legends and fabrications which would inspire makers of both fiction and history on either side of the border. The questions of national and cultural allegiance at the heart of this revival are of profound importance to current discussions of ,British' identity, particularly in the light of so-called ,four nations' criticism. This article argues that the Welsh contribution to British Romanticism has been seriously neglected by Romantic studies in general. It suggests reasons for this neglect, surveys recent work in the field, and points to future possible directions for research. [source] Growth model on (1 + 1) dimensions with local relaxation and discrete number of orientationsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 5 2004W. L. Cavalcanti Abstract We introduced in this work a simple model for studying the texture formation during the electrodeposition process. Monte Carlo simulations were used to describe the formation of the deposits, and scaling concepts were also employed to characterize their growth and roughness properties. Particles are randomly deposited on a substrate, and their main axis can be aligned in a discrete set of possible directions. The final orientation of the deposited particle is determined by the interaction energy with its first neighboring particles and substrate temperature. Particle interactions are chosen according to the q -state ferromagnetic Potts model hamiltonian. Simulations were performed on (1 + 1) dimensions, for different values of temperature and substrate size. We have found different behaviors at low and high temperatures. Only at zero temperature the system reaches an absorbing state with all the layers occupied by particles oriented in the same direction. At this temperature we found the dynamic, roughness and growth exponents of the model, which satisfies the well known Family,Vicsek scaling relation for the self-affine interfaces. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Network Parenting in International Service DevelopmentBRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2004Michael Lewis This paper explores theoretical and practical aspects (i.e. resources allocated, activities undertaken, actors/decisions involved) of corporate ,parenting' in the development of international service networks. A review of the relevant corporate strategy, supply-chain, networks and services management literature underpins a preliminary content (capability; market orientation) and process (top-down; bottom-up) typology of network parenting. This provides the structure for discussion of two telecommunications-sector case studies. Analysis of the data acknowledges the influence of generic network mechanisms (e.g. weak and strong social ties) but the parenting typology also highlights other mechanisms, the effectiveness of which appears contingent on specific parenting roles. The paper details these roles (labelled: governing; training; curating; facilitating) and makes some preliminary comments on the role trajectories (e.g. governing , training) observed. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible directions for future work. [source] | ||||||||||||||||