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Possibility
Kinds of Possibility Terms modified by Possibility Selected AbstractsPHOTOGRAPHS, SYMBOLIC IMAGES, AND THE HOLOCAUST: ON THE (IM)POSSIBILITY OF DEPICTING HISTORICAL TRUTHHISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2009JUDITH KEILBACH ABSTRACT Photography has often been scrutinized regarding its relationship to reality or historical truth. This includes not only the indexicality of photography, but also the question of how structures and processes that comprise history and historical events can be depicted. In this context, the Holocaust provides a particular challenge to photography. As has been discussed in numerous publications, this historic event marks the "limits of representation." Nevertheless there are many photographs "showing" the Holocaust that have been produced in different contexts that bespeak the photographers' gaze and the circumstances of the photographs' production. Some of the pictures have become very well known due to their frequent reproduction, even though they often do not show the annihilation itself, but situations different from that; their interpretation as Holocaust pictures results rather from a metonymic deferral. When these pictures are frequently reproduced they are transformed into symbolic images, that is, images that can be removed from their specific context, and in this way they come to signify abstract concepts such as "evil." Despite being removed from their specific context these images can, as this essay argues, refer to historical truth. First, I explore the arguments of some key theorists of photography (Benjamin, Kracauer, Sontag, Barthes) to investigate the relationship between photography and reality in general, looking at their different concepts of reality, history, and historical truth, as well as the question of the meaning of images. Second, I describe the individual circumstances in which some famous Holocaust pictures were taken in order to analyze, by means of three examples, the question what makes these specific pictures so particularly suitable to becoming symbolic images and why they may,despite their abstract meaning,be able to depict historical truth. [source] THE BLANK FACE OF LOVE: THE POSSIBILITY OF GOODNESS IN THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL WORK OF IRIS MURDOCH1MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2009JENNIFER SPENCER GOODYER This article explores the value of Iris Murdoch's metaphysical ethics for the theologian. Although, in many ways, Murdoch does appeal to the theologian, a subtle form of nihilism underlies her thought insofar as human goodness,in the form of loving attention,is only possible once the individual has overcome his/her ego by staring into the void and accepting the ultimate meaninglessness of reality. As this article demonstrates, Murdoch's replacement of transcendence with void rules out any form of real love or human goodness: only a dualistic exchange of gazes remains possible. Real, selfless love is only possible when the ego understands itself in the context of theological transcendence. [source] ADAM SMITH AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SYMPATHY WITH NATUREPACIFIC PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2006PATRICK R. FRIERSON However, Smith's "all important emotion of sympathy" (Callicott, 2001, p. 209) seems incapable of extension to entities that lack emotions with which one can sympathize. Drawing on the distinctive account of sympathy developed in Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, as well as his account of anthropomorphizing nature in "History of Astronomy and Physics," I show that sympathy with non-sentient nature is possible within a Smithian ethics. This provides the possibility of extending sympathy, and thereby benevolence and justice, to nature. [source] Towards Fast Measurement of the Electron Temperature in the SOL of ASDEX Upgrade Using Swept Langmuir ProbesCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 9 2010H.W. Müller Abstract On ASDEX Upgrade first experiments were made using single probes with a voltage sweep frequency up to 100kHz. Possibilities and limitations using fast swept probes with a standard diagnostic and analysis tools are discussed. A good agreement between the data derived from fast swept single probe characteristics and floating as well as saturation current measurements was found. In a stationary (non ELMing) plasma the data of the fast swept probe are compared to standard slow swept probes (kHz range) showing an improvement of the measurement by faster sweeping. While ELM filaments already could be resolved the access of electron temperature fluctuations in small scale turbulence still has to be improved. Further comparisons are done in ELMy H-mode with combined ball-pen probe/floating potential measurements which can deliver electron temperatures with 25 , s time resolution at reduced spatial resolution compared to pin probes. During ELMs the electron temperatures derived from the ball-pen probe and fast swept single probes agreed (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Books: A Note to My Successor,Some Thoughts on the Problems and Possibilities of Museum BooksCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Peter Linett First page of article [source] 636. THE GENUS SELENIPEDIUMCURTIS'S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, Issue 1-2 2009Orchidaceae Summary. The five species of the genus Selenipedium Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) are described and illustrated with line drawings. Possibilities for the cultivation of the genus are discussed. A painting of Selenipedium aequinoctiale Garay is included. [source] Maternal transmission of diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2002J. C. Alcolado Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis. The disorder runs in families but the mechanism underlying this is unknown. Many, but not all, studies have suggested that mothers are excessively implicated in the transmission of the disorder. A number of possible genetic phenomena could explain this observation, including the exclusively maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It is now apparent that mutations in mtDNA can indeed result in maternally inherited diabetes. Although several mutations have been implicated, the strongest evidence relates to a point substitution at nucleotide position 3243 (A to G) in the mitochondrial tRNAleu(UUR) gene. Mitochondrial diabetes is commonly associated with nerve deafness and often presents with progressive non-autoimmune ,-cell failure. Specific treatment with Coenzyme Q10 or L-carnitine may be beneficial. Several rodent models of mitochondrial diabetes have been developed, including one in which mtDNA is specifically depleted in the pancreatic islets. Apart from severe, pathogenic mtDNA mutations, common polymorphisms in mtDNA may contribute to variations of insulin secretory capacity in normal individuals. Mitochondrial diabetes accounts for less than 1% of all diabetes and other mechanisms must underlie the maternal transmission of Type 2 diabetes. Possibilities include the role of maternally controlled environments, imprinted genes and epigenetic phenomena. [source] 360-degree Feedback: Possibilities for Assessment of the ACGME Core Competencies for Emergency Medicine ResidentsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2002Kevin G. Rodgers MD The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has challenged residency programs to provide documentation via outcomes assessment that all residents have successfully mastered the six core competencies. A variety of assessment "tools" has been identified by the ACGME for outcomes assessment determination. Although rarely cited in the medical literature, 360-degree feedback is currently in widespread use in the business sector. This tool provides timely, consolidated feedback from sources in the resident's sphere of influence (emergency medicine faculty, emergency medicine residents, off-service residents and faculty, nurses, ancillary personnel, patients, out-of-hospital care providers, and a self-assessment). This is a significant deviation from both the peer review process and the resident review process that almost exclusively use physicians as raters. Because of its relative lack of development, utilization, and validation as a method of resident assessment in graduate medical education, a great opportunity exists to develop the 360-degree feedback tool for resident assessment. [source] Portfolios: Possibilities for Addressing Emergency Medicine Resident CompetenciesACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2002Patricia O'Sullivan EdD Portfolios are an innovative approach to evaluate the competency of emergency medicine residents. Three key characteristics add to their attractiveness. First, portfolios draw from the resident's actual work. Second, they require self-reflection on the part of the resident. Third, they are inherently practice-based learning since residents must review and consider their practice in order to begin the portfolio. This paper illustrates five different applications of portfolios. First, portfolios are applied to evaluating specific competencies as part of the training of emergency physicians. While evaluating specific competencies, the portfolio captures aspects of the general competencies. Second, the article illustrates using portfolios as a way to address a specific residency review committee (RRC) requirement such as follow-ups. Third is a description of how portfolios can be used to evaluate resident conferences capturing the competency of practice-based learning and possibly other competencies such as medical knowledge and patient care. Fourth, the authors of the article designed a portfolio as a way to demonstrate clinical competence. Fifth, they elaborate as to how a continuous quality improvement project could be cast within the portfolio framework. They provide some guidance concerning issues to address when designing the portfolios. Portfolios are carefully structured and not haphazard collections of materials. Following criteria is important in maintaining the validity of the portfolio as well as contributing to reliability. The portfolios can enhance the relationship between faculty and residents since faculty will suggest cases, discuss anomalies, and interact with the residents around the portfolio. The authors believe that in general portfolios can cover many of the general competencies specified by the ACGME while still focusing on issues important to emergency medicine. The authors believe that portfolios provide an approach to evaluation commensurate with the self-evaluation skills they would like to develop in their residents. [source] Cavity QED with a trapped ionFORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK/PROGRESS OF PHYSICS, Issue 2-3 2003W. Vogel A trapped ion in a leaky cavity is studied in the regime of strong atom-field coupling. Particular emphasis is paid on nonlinearities due to smooth localization of the ion's wavefunction and on decoherence effects caused by spontaneous emission and cavity losses. Possibilities of quantum-state preparation are analyzed and single-ion lasing is considered. [source] Feminist Research Management in Higher Education in Britain: Possibilities and PracticesGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 5 2010Natasha S. Mauthner This article aims to explore the possibilities and ambivalent practices of feminist management in the context of research management in higher education in Britain. Drawing on a reflexive and critical analysis of our experiences of contract research and research management over the past 15 years, we discuss the challenges of putting feminist management principles into practice in team-based and collaborative research projects. By rendering academic cultures increasingly competitive, individualist and managerial, we argue, new managerialist reforms in higher education over the past two decades have intensified those very aspects of academic life that feminists have long struggled with. In particular, in creating the new subject position of research manager, with concomitant institutional expectations and obligations, new managerialism has exacerbated tensions between our identities as feminists, scholars and managers and between collective, individual and institutional needs and aspirations. We illustrate these tensions through a discussion of four related aspects of team research which, we suggest, undermine attempts at implementing the feminist ideals of intellectual equity and political equality: divisions of labour in research teams; divisions of intellectual status and the differential valuation of researchers and research labour; divisions of formal power and the management structure of research teams; and exertions of informal power and the micropolitics of research teams. We suggest that feminist research management and feminist management, more generally, need to recognize and accept differences and inequalities among feminists and work with these issues in reflexive, ethical and caring ways. [source] The American Community Survey and Health Insurance Coverage Estimates: Possibilities and Challenges for Health Policy ResearchersHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 2p1 2009Michael Davern Objective. To introduce the American Community Survey (ACS) and its measure of health insurance coverage to researchers and policy makers. Data Sources/Study Setting. We compare the survey designs for the ACS and Current Population Survey (CPS) that measure insurance coverage. Study Design. We describe the ACS and how it will be useful to health policy researchers. Principal Findings. Relative to the CPS, the ACS will provide more precise state and substate estimates of health insurance coverage at a point-in-time. Yet the ACS lacks the historical data and detailed state-specific coverage categories seen in the CPS. Conclusions. The ACS will be a critical new resource for researchers. To use the new data to the best advantage, careful research will be needed to understand its strengths and weaknesses. [source] Henry VII in Context: Problems and PossibilitiesHISTORY, Issue 307 2007STEVEN GUNN Clearer understanding of Henry VII's reign is hindered not only by practical problems, such as deficiencies in source material, but also by its liminal position in historical study, at the end of the period conventionally studied by later medievalists and the beginning of that studied by early modernists. This makes it harder to evaluate changes in the judicial system, in local power structures, in England's position in European politics, in the rise of new social groups to political prominence and in the ideas behind royal policy. However, thoughtful combination of the approaches taken by different historical schools and reflection on wider processes of change at work in Henry's reign, such as in England's cultural and economic life, can make a virtue out of Henry's liminality. Together with the use of more unusual sources, such an approach enables investigation for Henry's reign of many themes of current interest to historians of the later Tudor period. These include courtly, parliamentary and popular politics, political culture, state formation and the interrelationships of different parts of the British Isles and Ireland. [source] Effects of neem-based insecticides on beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)INSECT SCIENCE, Issue 1 2005SHOIL M. GREENBERG Abstract Three commercial neem [Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)]-based insecticides, Agroneem, Ecozin, and Neemix, and a non-commercial neem leaf powder, were evaluated for oviposition deterrence, antifeedant effect on larvae, and toxicity to eggs and larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on cotton leaves in the laboratory. Oviposition deterrence in no-choice, and two- and fivechoice assays, was observed for the neem-based insecticide treatments when compared with a non-treated control. Neem-based insecticides also deterred feeding by beet armyworm larvae. Direct contact with neem-based insecticides decreased the survival of beet armyworm eggs. Survival of beet armyworm larvae fed for 7 days on leaves treated with neembased insecticides was reduced to 27, 33, 60, and 61% for neem leaf powder, Ecozin, Agroneem, and Neemix, respectively. Possibilities for adoption of neem-based insecticides in commercial cotton for beet armyworm control are discussed. [source] Reflections on International Organisations and International Legitimacy: Constraints, Pathologies, and PossibilitiesINTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 170 2001Jean-Marc Coicaud It may appear questionable at first sight to connect international legitimacy and international organisations. However a strong link exists between them. International organisations are the expression, defence, promotion, and projection of a socialised vision of international relations that is key to the claims and gradual implementation of a sense of international legitimacy. As a result, one way to reflect upon global governance , its present situation and what its future is likely to be , is to analyse how international organisations express and contribute to the making of international legitimacy. The paper touches upon three main points. First, it assesses the current legitimacy of international organisations. Second, the paper will examine the contribution of international organisations to international socialisation, which is another word for international or global governance. Thirdly, it attempts to foresee and map some of the key issues around which the future of the international system, international organisations and global governance and the future of their legitimacy will probably revolve. [source] Treading on Tradition: Approaches to Teaching International Relations to the Nontraditional UndergraduateINTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 1 2002Nancy E. Wright Nontraditional undergraduates (NTUs), undergraduates who typically are older than average, work full-time, and/or are entrusted with substantial family responsibilities, pose a special challenge to international relations educators. Severe constraints on time and access to library facilities both impede progress and may give an erroneous impression that NTUs are not as committed to their education as more conventional college undergraduates. The lack of continuity in education that typifies the NTU experience often manifests itself in anxiety, frustration, and gaps in fundamental knowledge. At the same time, the maturity and sophistication that come with life experience often far exceed that of the more conventional college student. Furthermore, typical requirements of international relations and international studies majors, such as second and third language proficiency, internships with international organizations, and overseas study are often not feasible for the working student with family responsibilities. Possibilities for meeting the challenges of teaching NTUs include greater use of open-book examinations, research proposals, case studies, simulations, problem-based learning (PBL), use of the Internet, and the development of short-term intensive overseas study opportunities that accommodate the working student's schedule. [source] The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and PossibilitiesJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2000Rob Atkinson In recent years the term ,social exclusion' has come to occupy a central place in the discussion of social policy and inequality in Europe. While the notion has acquired important strategic connotations, by stressing structural and cultural/social processes, the precise meaning of the term remains somewhat elusive. This article focuses on the reason for and the manner in which the notion of social exclusion has developed within the EU social policy discourse, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of its origins, functions and multiple dimensions. Whilst adopting a critical approach to the notion of social exclusion, the article suggests that the concept has played a positive role in keeping issues such as inequality and poverty on the policy agenda. The article also suggests possible ways in which social exclusion might be developed in a climate which has become less conducive, if not hostile, to an autonomous, activist EU social policy. [source] Some Problems and Possibilities in the Study of Dynamical Social ProcessesJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 1 2000John E. Puddifoot The recent challenge of Dynamical Systems Theory (also known as ComplexityTheory or Chaos Theory) to the social sciences, is based largely on the beliefthat processes in the social arena can be considered as analogous to those of the natural world, and that in consequence general theoretical advances in explaining the latter might with advantage be applied to the former. This paper aims to show that claims for Dynamical Systems Theory with respect to the understanding or measurement of social processes would be premature; the reasons for this lying not only in the unfamiliarity and operational difficulties of Dynamical Systems Theory in itself, but also in the problematic nature and history of our usage of the term ,social process'. Reviewing some examples of such usage from Sociology and Social Psychology, it is concluded that Dynamical Systems Theory might serve as a catalyst for a re-examination of existing orthodoxies and major concepts, but that progress would be retarded by the uncritical application of it's terminology, concepts, and techniques of mathematical modelling, without this prior and demanding first step. [source] Possibilities of polymer-aided dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes at neutral pHJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010B. J. Agarwal Abstract Water-soluble polymers have versatile application, viz., water-soluble polyacrylates have been widely used in the reactive dyeing of cellulosic fibers and the related soaping as an important component of the leveling and washing agent. In this article, one such water-soluble polymer, polyacrylic acid has been synthesized, characterized, and applied in conjunction with various types of reactive dyes, namely triazinyl, vinyl sulfone, high exhaustion, and bifunctional reactive dyes, along with crosslinking agents, namely glycerol 1,3-dichlorohydrin and hexamethylene tetramine-hydroquinone, respectively. One of the crosslinking agents (the former one) has been synthesized in the laboratory. Crosslinking agent is necessary to adhere the dye molecule onto the cellulose macromolecule. Different process sequences have been formulated and explored for dyeing purpose. All such dyeings were carried out at neutral pH. The dyed samples were assessed through color strength in terms of K/S values and their fastness properties were assessed by standard methods. All such dyeings were compared with conventional dyed samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source] Individual-based models of cod movement and population dynamicsJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 2003H. J. Edwards Many fish species undergo seasonal changes in distribution, as a result of horizontal migrations between feeding, nursery and spawning grounds. Exploring the processes involved in these movements may be the key to understanding interactions with other species, man and the environment, and is therefore crucial to effective fisheries management. Recent tagging experiments providing information on the distribution of migratory fish stocks have indicated pronounced regional and temporal differences in the migratory behaviour of cod, suggesting complex interactions between this commercially important fish species and the environment. This paper presents a model of the horizontal movements of demersal fish, principally cod, using an individual-based modelling approach to explore and predict the relationship between demersal fish movements and key environmental and ecological factors. The model simulates the basic biological processes of growth, movement and mortality, and is driven by the analysis of physical tagging data recorded by electronic data storage tags (DSTs). Results show that the incorporation of behavioural data from DSTs into spatially explicit individual-based models can provide realistic simulations of large-scale fish stocks, thus giving a better understanding of their basic ecology and allowing more effective management of commercially important fish species. Possibilities of future improvements and extensions to the model are discussed. [source] Another Kind of Public Education: Race, Schools, the Media, and Democratic Possibilities.JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 1 2010By Patricia Hill Collins No abstract is available for this article. [source] "Maestro, what is ,quality'?": Language, literacy, and discourse in project-based scienceJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 4 2001Elizabeth B. Moje Recent curriculum design projects have attempted to engage students in authentic science learning experiences in which students engage in inquiry-based research projects about questions of interest to them. Such a pedagogical and curricular approach seems an ideal space in which to construct what Lee and Fradd referred to as instructional congruence. It is, however, also a space in which the everyday language and literacy practices of young people intersect with the learning of scientific and classroom practices, thus suggesting that project-based pedagogy has the potential for conflict or confusion. In this article, we explore the discursive demands of project-based pedagogy for seventh-grade students from non-mainstream backgrounds as they enact established project curricula. We document competing Discourses in one project-based classroom and illustrate how those Discourses conflict with one another through the various texts and forms of representation used in the classroom and curriculum. Possibilities are offered for reconstructing this classroom practice to build congruent third spaces in which the different Discourses and knowledges of the discipline, classroom, and students' lives are brought together to enhance science learning and scientific literacy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 469,498, 2001 [source] Possibilities of using near infrared reflectance/transmittance spectroscopy for determination of polymeric protein in wheatJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 8 2007Éva Scholz Abstract Possibilities of using near-infrared reflectance and near-infrared transmittance (NIR/NIT) spectroscopic techniques for detecting differences in amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins in wheat were investigated. To evaluate whether differences in polymeric protein due to genetic or environmental variations were detectable by NIR/NIT techniques, wheat materials of different background were used. Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to detect variation in polymeric protein. Partial least squares regression gave high R2 values between many protein parameters and NIR/NIT spectra (particularly second-derivative spectra of NIR 1100,2500 nm region) of flours, while no such relationship was found for whole wheat grains. Most and highest correlations were found for total amount of extractable and unextractable proteins and monomer/polymer protein ratio. Some positive relationships were found between percentage of total unextractable polymeric protein in the total polymeric protein and percentage of large unextractable polymeric protein in the total large polymeric protein and NIR/NIT spectra. Thus, it was possible to detect differences in polymeric proteins with NIR/NIT techniques. The highest amount of positive correlations between NIR/NIT spectra and protein parameters was found to be due to environmental influences. Some correlations were found for breeding lines with a broad variation in gluten strength and polymeric protein composition, while a more homogeneous sample showed less correlation. Thereby, detection of variation in amount and size distribution of polymeric protein due to cultivar differences with NIR/NIT methods might be difficult. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Nonlinear-laser ,(3) -effects in novel garnet-type fine-grained ceramic-host {YGd2}[Sc2](Al2Ga)O12 for Ln3+ lasantsLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 9 2009A.A. Kaminskii Abstract We report on ,(3) -nonlinear generation in crystalline ceramics {YGd2}[Sc2](Al2Ga)O12 offering partly disordered garnet structure, namely octave-spanning Stokes and anti-Stokes lasing comb and third harmonic generation under one-micron picosecond pumping. Possibilities for creation of really disordered laser "garnet"-type ceramics is discussed. (© 2009 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Embedding 3D models of biological specimens in PDF publicationsMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 11 2008Bernhard Ruthensteiner Abstract By providing two examples, the option for embedding 3D models in electronic versions of life science publications is presented. These examples, presumably representing the first such models published, are developmental stages of an evertebrate (Patella caerulea, Mollusca) and a vertebrate species (Psetta maxima, Teleostei) obtained from histological section series reconstruction processed with the software package Amira. These surface rendering models are particularly suitable for a PDF file because they can easily be transformed to a file format required and components may be conveniently combined and hierarchically arranged. All methodological steps starting from specimen preparation until embedding of resulting models in PDF files with emphasis on conversion of Amira data to the appropriate 3D file format are explained. Usability of 3D models in PDF documents is exemplified and advantages over 2D illustrations are discussed, including better explanation capabilities for spatial arrangements, higher information contents, and limiting options for disguising results by authors. Possibilities for additional applications reaching far beyond the examples presented are suggested. Problems such as long-term compatibility of file format and hardware plus software, editing and embedding of files, file size and differences in information contents between printed and electronic version will likely be overcome by technical development and increasing tendency toward electronic at the cost of printed publications. Since 3D visualization plays an increasing role in manifold disciplines of science and appropriate tools for the popular PDF format are readily available, we propose routine application of this way of illustration in electronic life science papers. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] More on "Ought" Implies "Can" and the Principle of Alternate PossibilitiesMIDWEST STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY, Issue 1 2005GIDEON YAFFE First page of article [source] Possibilities and options for the Clean Development Mechanism and the Green Investment Scheme in Central and Eastern Europe: Macedonian and Romanian perspectivesNATURAL RESOURCES FORUM, Issue 1 2007Maria Khovanskaia Abstract Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a rapidly changing and developing region which is making the transition to a market based economy. Along with economic reforms, the countries of the region are engaged in substantial environmental reforms, including climate change mitigation activities. Mitigation of, and adaptation to, the consequences of climate change are costly processes. It is therefore of great importance that the national and international mechanisms addressing these problems use methods both environmentally sound and economically efficient. Through two case studies that address the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Green Investment Scheme (GIS) in Romania, this paper explores challenges, related tasks and main problems in the establishment of mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol in Central and Eastern Europe. [source] Proton MRS of early post-natal mouse brain modifications in vivoNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 2 2006Pierre Larvaron Abstract NMR provides a non-invasive tool for the phenotypic characterisation of mouse models. The aim of the present study was to apply reliable in vivo MRS techniques for non-invasive investigations of brain development in normal and transgenic mice, by monitoring metabolite concentrations in different brain regions. The conditions of anaesthesia, immobilisation and respiratory monitoring were optimized to carry out in vivo MRS studies in young mice. All the experiments were performed in normal mice, at 9.4,T, applying a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (TR,=,2000,ms; TE,=,130,ms). We obtained reproducible in vivo1H NMR spectra of wild-type mouse brains as early as post-natal day 5, which allowed us to follow brain maturation variations from post-natal days 5 to 21. The survival rate of animals was between 66 and 90% at post-natal days 5 and 21, respectively. Developmental changes of metabolite concentrations were measured in three brain regions: the thalamus, a region rich in cell bodies, the olfactory bulb, rich in fibre tracts actively myelinated during brain maturation, and the cerebellum. The voxel size varied from 2 to 8 µL according to the size of the brain structure analysed. The absolute concentrations of the total creatine, taurine, total choline, N -acetylaspartate and of the glutamate/glutamine pool were determined from 1H NMR spectra obtained in the different brain regions at post-natal day 5, 10, 15 and 21. Variations observed during brain development were in accordance with those previously reported in mice using ex vivo MRS studies, and also in rats and humans in vivo. Possibilities of longitudinal MRS analysis in maturing mice brains provide new perspectives to characterise better the tremendous number of transgenic mutant mice generated with the aim of decrypting the complexity of brain development and neurodegenerative diseases but also to follow the impact of environmental and therapeutic factors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Dual Regress of Free Will and the Role of Alternative PossibilitiesNOUS, Issue 2000Robert Kane First page of article [source] Positronium interaction and its Bose-Einstein condensationPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 11 2009Sadhan K. Adhikari Abstract We present the actual state of affairs and future perspectives in the study of a quantum system of a collection of positronium (Ps) atoms. The interaction of a Ps atom with other atoms and molecules and specially with another Ps atom is described in some detail as Ps-Ps interaction should play a crucial role in the dynamics of an assembly of Ps atoms. Using a simple model-exchange potential, we could describe the available experimental results of Ps scattering reasonably well. The present scenario of the observation of Ps2 molecule, Ps Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and the annihilation laser from a Ps BEC is presented. Possibilities of a Ps BEC formation via laser cooling of Ps atoms and via Ps formation in cavities are considered and difficulties with each procedure discussed (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||