Positive Views (positive + views)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Support staff in community pharmacy: who are they and what do they want?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, Issue 2 2008
Dr. Ellen I Schafheutle research fellow
Objective To collect information on different categories of support staff, their deployment in community pharmacy, their levels of experience and qualifications, and their opinions on a number of topical issues, such as training and regulation. Method Two ,snapshot' surveys, one of community pharmacists, another of support staff employed by them. Three focus groups with support staff. Setting The surveys were conducted in community pharmacies in two primary care trusts (PCTs) in England. Two focus groups were conducted in one of the PCTs with respondents who had taken part in the survey; a third took place in a third PCT during the design phase. Key findings Medicines counter assistants (MCAs) formed the largest category of support staff (56%); 21% were dispensing assistants (DAs); 17% were pharmacy technicians (PTs). All community pharmacies employed at least one (60%), and often more than one MCA, but 20% had no DAs and 40% operated without a PT. Nearly all (93%) support staff were women, and about one-third worked part-time. More mature (40+ years) staff commonly only held an MCA qualification and were often not keen on further training. Younger staff held higher qualifications and were interested in further training and career progression. The majority of all categories of staff showed high levels of job satisfaction and loyalty to their employer. Most held positive views towards the regulation of support staff. Poor salaries were identified as potential barriers to further training and regulation, and pharmacists identified problems recruiting support staff. Conclusion Many different categories of support staff are employed in community pharmacies, although some operated without DAs or a PT. Support staff were generally satisfied with their jobs, but increasing requirements for formal qualifications and regulation of support staff, if not accompanied by adequate recognition and remuneration, may worsen recruitment problems. [source]


Can Humanitarianism Instill Good Will?

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2006
American Tsunami Aid, Sri Lankan Reactions
One means of curbing anti-Americanism is to promote positive views of the United States and its people. The purpose of this study was to assess whether nearly a billion dollars pledged by the United States for tsunami aid instilled good will among Sri Lankans. Of 478 respondents, most considered both the American government (75%) and the American people (84%) to be generous. Half claimed that they liked the American people, a substantial increase over attitudes measured 2 years back, post-9/11. While fewer than half supported U.S. involvement in Iraq, the extent of this support increased significantly from post-9/11 levels, suggesting that humanitarian aid may result in broadened support for unrelated U.S. initiatives. [source]


Positive Illusions in Parenting: Every Child Is Above Average

JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
Andrew Wenger
This study examined the paradox between the difficulties of parenting and the high levels of parenting satisfaction in terms of positive illusions. Results were consistent with a positive illusions model, as biological parents with a child between the ages of 2 and 5 reported unrealistically positive views of their children. They rated their own children as possessing more positive and less negative attributes than the average child. The more positively parents rated themselves, the more positively they rated their children. Parents' self-esteem scores, unrealistically positive ratings of the child, and positive illusions of parenting were related to 3 aspects of the parenting experience. This study extends the literature on positive illusions to encompass parents' positive illusions about their young children. [source]


Client choice of treatment and client outcomes

JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Robert J. Calsyn
Participants in this study suffered from severe mental illness and were homeless at baseline. They were given their choice of five different treatment programs. The current study investigated two major questions: (1) what is the impact of positive expectancies about the efficacy of the chosen program on number of contacts with the chosen program and client outcomes; and (2) what is the impact of positive views about nonchosen programs (alternative choice variables) on contact with the chosen program and client outcomes. Client outcomes assessed were psychotic symptoms, days homeless, and client satisfaction. Positive expectancy variables were the number of reasons for choosing a program and confidence that the program would help. Alternative choice variables were the number of nonchosen programs visited and the attractiveness of a nonchosen program. Only the number of reasons for choosing the program was significantly related to program contact with the chosen program. Both of the positive expectancy variables and program contact were significantly correlated with consumer satisfaction. In general, neither the positive expectancy variables nor the alternative choice variables predicted changes in psychotic symptoms nor days homeless. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 339,348, 2003. [source]


Psychopathy: A confusing clinical construct

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING, Issue 1 2008
BSc. (Hons.) Psych., Christine A. Kirkman C. Psychol., R.M.N.
Abstract Although psychopathy has traditionally been cited as a disorder of personality, confusion arises as the term is used interchangeably with the terms antisocial personality disorder and dissocial personality disorder, both of which are largely behaviorally based. This paper aims to provide an overview of the literature on the topic of psychopathy, which examines this conundrum. Included in the discussion are definitions of psychopathy, incidence, approaches to diagnosis, and the debates that surround causes, manifestations, and treatability. Experimental studies and theoretical papers have been included if considered to be informative and of relevance to forensic nursing practice. The review demonstrates that studies are fragmented and no clear consensus seems to emerge concerning any of the discussion areas or even the construct of psychopathy itself. It is concluded that further research is required in psychopathy as encountered in both institutional and community settings. Until complete clarification is provided by the research community, forensic nurses need to maintain positive views about their own role when working with people with this challenging condition and strive to maintain a therapeutic ward atmosphere. [source]


Diversity attitudes and norms: the role of ethnic identity and relational demography

JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2006
Frank Linnehan
This study investigated attitudes and subjective norms related to workplace diversity initiatives and intentions to engage in diversity-related behaviors in a sample of 852 public service employees. Participants completed a survey measuring behavioral intentions, attitudes, belief-based norms, ethnic identity achievement, and demographic characteristics. Comparisons were made between people of color and Whites as well as between those with high and low ethnic identity achievement. Results showed a triple interaction among supervisor race, employee race, and employee ethnic identity achievement. Specifically, among people of color with high ethnic identity achievement, having a supervisor of color was more strongly associated with positive views of subjective norms toward inclusive behavior, understanding others, and treating others with respect than among people of color with low ethnic identity achievement. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Adult Generativity and the Socialization of Adolescents: Relations to Mothers' and Fathers' Parenting Beliefs, Styles, and Practices

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 1 2001
Michael W. Pratt
Mothers, fathers, and their adolescent children participated in two studies investigating the relations between Erikson's concept of generativity in adulthood and patterns of parenting. Study 1 involved 77 mothers and 48 fathers of 1st-year university students; Study 2 was part of an investigation of socialization processes in 35 families with an adolescent, aged 14,18. Parental generative concern was assessed by the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS) of McAdams and de St. Aubin (1992) in each study. In both studies, mothers demonstrated positive relations between scores on the LGS and an authoritative style of parenting, as well as between generativity and more positive, optimistic views of adolescent developments. In Study 2, these more positive views in turn mediated some aspects of autonomy-fostering practices used with the adolescent. Variations in fathers' levels of generative concern were less consistently related to these indices of parenting, however. [source]


Supplementary prescribing: potential ways to reform hospital psychiatric care

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 2 2006
A. JONES phd rn
The objective of this study was to explore perceptions held by nurses and psychiatrists towards the potential application of supplementary prescribing on acute psychiatric wards. Six focus groups were conducted with 19 nurses and seven psychiatrists who worked on three wards. Two major themes were identified: first, ways in which patients could receive care and treatment through supplementary prescribing and in new forms of partnership and second, ways by which nurses and psychiatrists could be organized to deliver their care through a supplementary prescribing framework. Nurses and psychiatrists were generally positive about the advent of prescribing and offered positive views as to how patient care could be improved and a general willingness for nurses to adapt and work differently. Findings from this exploratory study offer practical solutions to how supplementary prescribing could work on acute psychiatric wards. [source]


Forensic psychiatric nursing: a literature review and thematic analysis of role tensions

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2002
T. Mason phd bsc (hons) rmn pnmh rgn
This literature review was undertaken to explore the emergent issues relating to the difficulties encountered in forensic psychiatric nursing. The rationale for the study revolved around the paucity of research undertaken to identify the constituent parts of this professional practice. The aims included both a thematic analysis of the literature and the construction of a theoretical framework to guide further research. The method was a snowballing collection of literature and a computerized database search. The results were the identification of a series of major issues, which were broadly categorized as negative and positive views, security vs. therapy, management of violence, therapeutic efficacy, training and cultural formation. From this the six binary oppositions, or domains of practice, emerged as a theoretical framework to develop further research. These were medical vs. lay knowledge, transference vs. counter-transference, win vs. lose, success vs. failure, use vs. abuse, and confidence vs. fear. Further research is currently underway. [source]


Project placements for undergraduate occupational therapy students: design, implementation and evaluation

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2002
Alison Prigg Lecturer
Abstract This study aimed to document the process undertaken to incorporate project placements as an effective fieldwork option for second- and third-year occupational therapy students, by evaluating the experience of both students and supervisors and identifying areas for improvement. Project placements are full- or part-time placements where a project is completed by a student under the supervision of an occupational therapist. The study is primarily descriptive, and includes a pre-post design using qualitative and quantitative data. The results indicate that the objectives of the study were achieved. Both supervisors and students expressed positive views about the placements. Students also identified changes that could improve the placements. Second- and third-year students gave similar ratings about aspects of the learning experiences during the project placements. The small cohort of third-year students and the low response rate from supervisors limited results. These project placements have shown an applicable model for students in earlier years of the course instead of the usual practice of non-traditional fieldwork being focused on final-year students. The project placements described are presented as one more potential fieldwork model in the range currently offered by curricula worldwide. Future research needs to concentrate on the longitudinal impact of these placements on the developing practice and attitudes of occupational therapy students. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]


Dworkin's Theory of Law

PHILOSOPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2007
Dale Smith
Ronald Dworkin is one of the most important, and one of the most controversial, contemporary legal philosophers. This article elucidates the main aspects of Dworkin's theory of law, discussing both his key criticisms of legal positivism and his own positive views about law. The article also briefly examines some of the major controversies surrounding Dworkin's theory of law, such as the debates arising out of his right answer thesis and semantic sting argument. [source]