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Polymethyl Methacrylate (polymethyl + methacrylate)
Selected AbstractsEffects of molding conditions on transcription molding of microscale prism patterns using ultra-high-speed injection moldingPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 9 2006H. Yokoi In this study, we performed a series of molding tests to investigate the potential of microscale transcription of polymer by ultra-high-speed injection molding (UHSIM). During the tests, the injection speed was varied up to a maximum of 995 mm/s. Polymethyl methacrylate was molded under various injection molding conditions, including cavity vacuum pumping process, so as to replicate an electroformed nickel stamper exhibiting V-grooves with a pitch of 50 ,m. Surface configurations of molded samples were observed and measured using a laser scanning microscope. The transcription ratio (TR) is defined as the ratio of the depths of V-grooves in both the molded samples and the stamper. An excellent average TR of 0.97 was performed when molding at an injection rate of 800 cm3/s (injection speed of 995 mm/s), mold temperature of 80°C, and holding pressure of 120 MPa. In addition, the effect of vacuum on transcription molding was investigated in detail; the result proved that vacuum is an important factor in the enhancement of transcription fidelity. The strong influence of injection rate on the TR indicates the applicability of UHSIM to the field of transcription molding of polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:1140,1146, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers. [source] Slot die coating of dilute suspensionsASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2009Yi-Tsun Lin Abstract An experimental study was carried out to investigate slot die coating of dilute suspensions. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particles of different sizes were added to glycerol solutions as test fluids. The coating flow experiment was performed on a lab coater. The operating window, which is a domain in which only a stable and uniform coating solution is possible, was determined experimentally. It was found that adding particles has little effect on the physical properties of glycerol solutions, as only the fluid viscosity increases slightly. Two coating defects are commonly observed; ribbing which is caused by flow instability refers to lateral waves on the coated surface, and air entrainment which implies that air bubbles are trapped in the coating solution. Adding particles has little effect on the operating window if the coating defect is ribbing. However, the operating window can be expanded substantially if the coating defect is air entrainment. Higher the particle concentration, or the smaller the particle size, more significant is the expansion of the operating window. The maximum coating speed may increase to 80% for high suspension particle density number. A previous study reported that there exists an optimal particle size which has the largest operating window for a given pure solution; this was not found in the present work. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Organic Thin Film Transistors with Polymer Brush Gate Dielectrics Synthesized by Atom Transfer Radical PolymerizationADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 1 2008C. Pinto Abstract Low operating voltage is an important requirement that must be met for industrial adoption of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). We report here solution fabricated polymer brush gate insulators with good uniformity, low surface roughness and high capacitance. These ultra thin polymer films, synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), were used to fabricate low voltage OFETs with both evaporated pentacene and solution deposited poly(3-hexylthiophene). The semiconductor-dielectric interfaces in these systems were studied with a variety of methods including scanning force microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and neutron reflectometry. These studies highlighted key differences between the surfaces of brush and spun cast polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films. [source] Inhibition of biofilms associated with dentures and toothbrushes by tetrasodium EDTAJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2007D.A. Devine Abstract Aims:, We examined the efficacy of tetrasodium EDTA in eradicating biofilms derived from salivary inocula or pure cultures of Candida albicans on discs of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base or on toothbrushes that had been used normally for 4,8 weeks. Its efficiency in virus neutralization was also determined. Methods and Results:, Overnight (16 h) treatment with 4% (w/v) tetrasodium EDTA solution reduced salivary and C. albicans biofilm viable counts by ,99%. Biofilm removal was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Presence/absence of sucrose during biofilm formation had no effect on killing efficacy. Prolonged treatment of PMMA with tetrasodium EDTA did not influence subsequent formation of C. albicans biofilms or affect surface roughness of the PMMA, but it reduced subsequent biofilm formation from a salivary inoculum. Infectivities of herpes simplex virus and polio virus suspensions were reduced by >99·99% by treatment for 1 and 2 h, respectively. Conclusions:, Tetrasodium EDTA solution efficiently disinfected toothbrushes and PMMA discs, with the detachment of biofilms, and rapidly neutralized both nonenveloped and enveloped viruses. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Dentures and toothbrushes become contaminated by bacterial biofilms and by viruses. There is a need for disinfection methods that are rapidly effective, cost-effective, nontoxic and easily implemented. These studies indicate that tetrasodium EDTA solution has disinfection applications in the oral care field. [source] Effect of morphology on the electric conductivity of binary polymer blends filled with carbon blackJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007Zhongbin Xu Abstract Several carbon black (CB)-filled binary polymer blends were prepared in Haake rheometer. Distribution states of CB and effect of morphology on the electric conductivity of different ternary composites were investigated. Under our experimental condition CB particles located preferentially at the interface between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polypropylene (PP) in PMMA/PP/CB composites, in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) phase in PP/HDPE/CB composites, and in Nylon6 (PA6) phase in polystyrene (PS)/PA6/CB, PP/PA6/CB, PMMA/PA6/CB, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/PA6/CB composites; the ternary composites in which CB particles locate at the interface of two polymer components have the highest electric conductivity when the mass ratio of the two polymers is near to 1 : 1. The ternary composites in which CB particles located preferentially in one polymer have the highest electric conductivity usually when the amount of the polymer component having CB particles is comparatively less than the amount of the polymer component not having CB particles; if the formulations of PS/PA6/CB, PP/PA6/CB, and PMMA/PA6/CB composites equaled and PA6/CB in them is in dispersed phase, PS/PA6/CB composites have the highest electric conductivity and PP/PA6/CB composites have the lowest electric conductivity; suitable amount of PS or PAN in PA6/CB composites increase the electric conductivity due in the formation of a parallel electrocircuit for electrons to transmit. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007 [source] Chlorhexidine release and antibacterial properties of chlorhexidine-incorporated polymethyl methacrylate-based resin cementJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010N. Hiraishi Abstract This study evaluated chlorhexidine release from experimental, chlorhexidine-incorporated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based resin cements prepared from Super-Bond C&B (Sun Medical) and examined the antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. Chlorhexidine diacetate was added into PMMA polymer to obtain chlorhexidine concentration of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 wt %. Chlorhexidine-incorporated, cured resin disks were immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 5 weeks, and the chlorhexidine release was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antibacterial effect of freshly mixed resin cements was examined using the agar diffusion test. For the direct contact test, the wells (n = 6) of microtiter plates were coated with cements. The coated wells were aged up to 3 weeks prior to the placement of bacterial suspensions directly on cured cements. The 3.0 and 4.0% chlorhexidine-incorporated cement exhibited chlorhexidine release for 5 weeks; however, more than 98% of chlorhexidine was retained in resin matrix. No release was detected from the 1.0 and 2.0% incorporated cement at 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively. The agar diffusion test failed to detect antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis, whereas the direct contact test revealed the antibacterial effect of 3.0 and 4.0% incorporated cements against each microbe for 2 weeks. The 3.0 and 4.0% chlorhexidine-incorporated resin cement possessed prolonged chlorhexidine release and antibacterial properties for 2 weeks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010 [source] In vivo aging test for a bioactive bone cement consisting of glass bead filler and PMMA matrix,JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2004Shuichi Shinzato Abstract The degradation of a new bioactive bone cement (GBC), comprised of an inorganic filler (bioactive MgO-CaO-SiO2 -P2O5 -CaF2 glass beads) and an organic matrix [high-molecular-weight polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)], was evaluated in an in vivo aging test. Hardened rectangular specimens (20 × 4 × 3 mm) were prepared from two GBC formulations (containing 50% w/w [GBC50] or 60% w/w [GBC60] bioactive beads) and a conventional PMMA bone cement control (CMW-1). Initial bending strengths were measured with the use of the three-point bending method. Specimens of all three cements were then implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, removed after 3, 6, or 12 months, and tested for bending strength. The bending strengths (MPa) of GBC50 at baseline (0 months), 3, 6, and 12 months were 136 ± 1, 119 ± 3, 106 ± 5 and 104 ± 5, respectively. Corresponding values were 138 ± 3, 120 ± 3, 110 ± 2 and 109 ± 5 for GBC60, and 106 ± 5, 97 ± 5, 92 ± 4 and 88 ± 4 for CMW-1. Although the bending strengths of all three cements decreased significantly from 0 to 6 months, those of GBC50 and GBC60 did not change significantly thereafter, whereas that of CMW-1 declined significantly between 6 and 12 months. Thus, degradation of GBC50 and GBC60 does not appear to continue after 6 months, whereas CMW-1 degrades progressively over 12 months. Moreover, the bending strengths of GBC50 and GBC60 (especially GBC60) were significantly higher than that of CMW-1 throughout. It is believed that GBC60 is strong enough for use under weight-bearing conditions and that its mechanical strength is retained in vivo; however, its dynamic fatigue behavior will need assessment before application in the clinical setting. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 68B: 132,139, 2004 [source] Characterization of new acrylic bone cements prepared with oleic acid derivativesJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 2 2002Blanca Vázquez Abstract Acrylic bone-cement formulations were prepared with the use of a new tertiary aromatic amine derived from oleic acid, and also by incorporating an acrylic monomer derived from the same acid with the aim of reducing the leaching of toxic residuals and improving mechanical properties. 4-N,N dimethylaminobenzyl oleate (DMAO) was used as an activator in the benzoyl-peroxide radical cold curing of polymethyl methacrylate. Cements that contained DMAO exhibited much lower polymerization exotherm values, ranging between 55 and 62 °C, with a setting time around 16,17 min, depending on the amine/BPO molar ratio of the formulation. On curing a commercial bone cement, Palacos® R with DMAO, a decrease of 20 °C in peak temperature and an increase in setting time of 7 min were obtained, the curing parameters remaining well within limits permitted by the standards. In a second stage, partial substitution of MMA by oleyloxyethyl methacrylate (OMA) in the acrylic formulations was performed, the polymerization being initiated with the DMAO/BPO redox system. These formulations exhibited longer setting times and lower peak temperatures with respect to those based on PMMA. The glass transition temperature of the experimental cements were lower than that of PMMA cement because of the presence of long aliphatic chains of both activator and monomer in the cement matrix. Number average molecular weights of the cured cements were in the range of 1.2×105. PMMA cements cured with DMAO/BPO revealed a significant (p<0.001) increase in the strain to failure and a significant (p<0.001) decrease in Young's modulus in comparison to Palacos® R, whereas ultimate tensile strength remained unchanged. When the monomer OMA was incorporated, low concentrations of OMA provided a significant increase in tensile strength and elastic modulus without impairing the strain to failure. The results demonstrate that the experimental cements based on DMAO and OMA have excellent promise for use as orthopaedic and/or dental grouting materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 88,97, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jbm.10092 [source] Mechanical properties of femoral cortical bone following cemented hip replacementJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 11 2007G.X. Ni Abstract Femoral bone remodeling following total hip replacement is a big concern and has never been examined mechanically. In this study, six goats underwent unilateral cemented hip hemiarthroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Nine months later animals were sacrificed, and the femoral cortical bone slices at different levels were analysed using microhardness testing and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. Implanted femurs were compared to contralateral nonimplanted femurs. Extensive bone remodeling was demonstrated at both the proximal and middle levels, but not at the distal level. Compared with the nonimplanted side, significant decreases were found in the implanted femur in cortical bone area, bone mineral density, and cortical bone hardness at the proximal level, as well as in bone mineral density and bone hardness at the middle level. However, no significant difference was observed in either variable for the distal level. In addition, similar proximal-to-distal gradient changes were revealed both in cortical bone microhardness and bone mineral density. From the mechanical point of view, the results of the present study suggested that stress shielding is an important mechanical factor associated with bone adaptation following total hip replacement. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1408,1414, 2007 [source] Preparation and characterization of quercetin-loaded polymethyl methacrylate microcapsules using a polyol-in-oil-in-polyol emulsion solvent evaporation methodJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 12 2007Dong-Hwan Lee Flavonoids and related compounds exhibit a wide range of useful pharmacological properties but present challenges related to their stability and solubility in commonly available solvents. In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules were prepared using a novel polyol-in-oil-in-polyol (P/O/P) emulsion solvent evaporation method as a means of stabilizing the flavonoids, using quercetin as a model flavonoid drug. The morphology of the microcapsules was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, revealing a spherical shape with a smooth surface. The cross-section image of the PMMA microcapsules prepared with an amphiphilic polymer in the inner polyol phase showed that the microcapsule was filled with several submicron microspheres. The mean diameter varied from 1.03 ± 0.12 ,m to 2.39 ± 0.42 ,m, and the encapsulation efficiency ranged from 12.7% to 26.9%. When free quercetin was stored at 42°C, the residual quercetin content gradually decreased to 18% over 28 days as a result of oxidation. However, when encapsulated in PMMA microcapsules with an amphiphilic polymer in the inner polyol phase, the residual quercetin content decreased to just 82%. In-vitro release studies indicated a sustained release pattern throughout the 36-h study. The release kinetics of the microcapsules with an amphiphilic polymer followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism and the microcapsule without amphiphilic polymer followed an anomalous diffusion behaviour. This study suggests that the novel P/O/P emulsion solvent evaporation method can be applied to the encapsulation of flavonoids. [source] Bimolecular radical termination: New perspectives and insightsJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 10 2008Geoffrey Johnston-Hall Abstract The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-chain length dependent termination (RAFT-CLD-T) method has allowed us to answer a number of fundamental questions regarding the mechanism of diffusion-controlled bimolecular termination in free-radical polymerization (FRP). We carried out RAFT-mediated polymerizations of methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of a star matrix to develop an understanding of the effect of polymer matrix architecture on the termination of linear polyMA radicals and compared this to polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinyl acetate systems. It was found that the matrix architecture had little or no influence on termination in the dilute regime. However, due to the smaller hydrodynamic volumes of the stars in solution compared to linear polymer of the same molecular weight, the gel onset point occurred at greater conversions, and supported the postulate that chain overlap (or c*) is the main cause for the observed autoacceleration observed in FRP. Other theories based on "short,long" termination or free-volume should be disregarded. Additionally, since our systems are well below the entanglement molecular weight, entanglements should also be disregarded as the cause of the gel onset. The semidilute regime occurs over a small conversion range and is difficult to quantify. However, we obtain accurate dependencies for termination in the concentrated regime, and observed that the star polymers (through the tethering of the arms) provided constriction points in the matrix that significantly slow the diffusion of linear polymeric radicals. Although, this could at first sight be postulated to be due to reptation, the dependencies showed that reptation could be considered only at very high conversions (close to the glass transition regime). In general, we find from our data that the polymer matrix is much more mobile than what is expected if reptation were to dominate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3155,3173, 2008 [source] Synthesis of Highly Porous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Tape-Casting MethodsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 3 2003Martha Boaro Porous ceramics of Y2O3 -stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) were prepared by tape-casting methods using both pyrolyzable pore formers and NiO followed by acid leaching. The porosity of YSZ wafers increased in a regular manner with the mass of graphite or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to between 60% and 75% porosity. SEM indicated that the shape of the pores in the final ceramic was related to the shape of the pore formers, so that the pore size and microstructure of YSZ wafers could be controlled by the choice of pore former. Dilatometry measurements showed that measurable shrinkage started at 1300 K, and a total shrinkage of 26% was observed, independent of the amount or type of pore former used. Temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) measurements on the green tapes demonstrated that the binders and dispersants were combusted between 550 and 750 K, that PMMA decomposed to methyl methacrylate between 500 and 700 K, and that graphite combusted above 900 K. The porosity of YSZ ceramics prepared by acid leaching of nickel from NiO,YSZ, with 50 wt% NiO, was studied as a function of NiO and YSZ particle size. Significant changes in pore dimension were found when NiO particle size was changed. [source] Chemiluminescence micro-flow-injection analysis on a chipLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 4-5 2005Zhujun Zhang Abstract Chemiluminescence microflow-injection analysis (µFIA) systems on a chip have been developed. The technology of laser ablation was used to fabricate the microchannels on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) chip. The three sampling structure, including double-tee sampling structure, microvalve sampling structure and injection pump with accurate time control, were used. The microcolumn for specific molecular recognition, including molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme and bacteria, were used to enhance selectivity. These µFIA systems have been applied to clinical analysis, assessment of food safety, in vivo and real-time determination of drugs, and pharmacokinetics studies. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Electrical and mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced PMMA and PS compositesPOLYMER COMPOSITES, Issue 7 2008R.B. Mathur The use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcing material for thermoplastic polymer matrices, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS) has been studied. MWCNT were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using ferrocene-toluene mixture. As-prepared nanotubes were ultrasonically dispersed in toluene and subsequently dispersed in PMMA and PS. Thin polymer composite films were fabricated by solvent casting. The effect of nanotube content on the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was investigated. An improvement in electrical conductivity from insulating to conducting with increasing MWCNT content was observed. The carbon nanotube network showed a classical percolating network behavior with a low percolation threshold. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness value of about 18 dB was obtained in the frequency range 8.0,12 GHz (X-band), for a 10 vol% CNT loading. An improved composite fabrication process using casting followed by compression molding and use of functionalized MWCNT resulted in increased composites strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] CO2 sorption and diffusion in polymethyl methacrylate,clay nanocompositesPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 7 2005Allan R. Manninen This study reports the glass transition temperature (Tg), and sorption and diffusion of subcritical CO2 gas in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites containing organically modified smectite clay, Cloisite 20A (C20A). A range of methods for preparing the PMMA-clay nanocomposites was investigated and a solution coprecipitation method was selected as the most appropriate. Using this method, PMMA nanocomposite containing 2, 4, 6, and 10 wt% nanoclay loadings were prepared. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the 2 wt% nanocomposite materials had a well-dispersed intercalated clay structure. The Tg for PMMA-C20A nanocomposites, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was found to be independent of the clay loading. CO2 solubility studies from 0 to 65°C and pressures up to 5.5 MPa using an in situ gravimetric technique were performed on compression-molded films. The organoclay was found to have no effect on the solubility of CO2 in PMMA, and therefore the solubility of CO2 in the nanocomposite can be determined from the solubility of CO2 in the matrix polymer alone. Diffusion coefficients were determined using the appropriate transport models for these test conditions and the diffusion coefficients for CO2 in PMMA-C20A composites were found to increase with organoclay loading. It is believed that the processing path taken to prepare the nanocomposites may have resulted in the agglomeration of the C20A organoclay, thereby preventing the polymer chains from fully wetting and intercalating a large number of clay particles. These agglomerations are responsible for the formation of large-scale holes within the glassy nanocomposite, which behave as low resistance pathways for gas transport within the PMMA matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:904,914, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] Preparation and properties investigation of PMMA/silica composites derived from silicic acidPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 2 2009H. P. Fu Abstract Hybrid materials based on silicic acid and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared by in situ bulk polymerization of a silicic acid sol and MMA mixture. Silicic acid sol was obtained by tetrahydrofuran (THF) extraction of silicic acid from water. Silicic acid was prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of sodium silicate in the presence of 3.6,M HCl. As a comparative study, PMMA composites filled by silica particles, which were derived from calcining the silicic acid gel, were prepared by a comparable in situ polymerization. Each set of PMMA/silica composites was subjected to thermal and mechanical studies. Residual THF in PMMA/silicic acid composites impacted the properties of the polymer composites. With increase in silica content, the PMMA composites filled with silica particles showed improved thermal and mechanical properties, whereas a decrease in thermal stability and mechanical strength was found for PMMA composites filled with silicic acid dissolved in THF. With a better compatibility with polymer matrix, silicic acid sol shows better reinforcement than silica particles in PMMA films prepared via blending of the corresponding THF solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prospective randomized comparative study of macular thickness following phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgeryACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010Sambuddha Ghosh Abstract. Purpose:, To compare macular thickness following uncomplicated phacoemulsification with foldable acrylic lens and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with non-foldable polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) lens implantation. Methods:, Prospective study was carried out with one eye each of 224 patients with senile cataract randomized into two groups, phacoemulsification and MSICS, by simple 1:1 randomization. Following surgery by either of the two methods, macular thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the 1st, 7th, 42nd and 180th postoperative day. Main outcome measure was postoperative macular thickness. Results:, On the first postoperative day, central subfield mean thickness (CSMT) in MSICS group was 192.8 ± 17.9 ,m and that in phacoemulsification group was 192.1 ± 27.4 ,m, with no significant difference (p = 0.12). On the 7th day, CSMT in MSICS group (198.9 ± 21.4 ,m) was significantly (p = 0.04) more than that in phacoemulsification group (193.1 ± 19.3 ,m). On the 42nd day, CSMT in MSICS group was 207.8 ± 26.3 ,m and that in phacoemulsification group was 198.3 ± 23 ,m, the difference being significant (p = 0.007). Clinically macular oedema was not diagnosed in any of the patients at any visit. The increase in macular thickness was sub-clinical and did not affect final visual outcome in any patient. Conclusion:, In spite of the greater theoretical risk of increased postoperative inflammation following MSICS, there was no evidence of cystoid macular oedema, either clinically or on OCT. However, chance of sub-clinical increase in CSMT was more following MSICS compared to phacoemulsification. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||