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Polar Extracts (polar + extract)
Selected AbstractsAn extract of Lannea microcarpa: composition, activity and evaluation of cutaneous irritation in cell cultures and reconstituted human epidermisJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 7 2006P. Picerno Lannea microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) is a tropical tree used in African folk medicine and commercial dermopharmaceutical formulations. Fractionation and analysis of its polar extract allowed the identification of 4,-methoxy-myricetin 3- O -,- l -rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3- O -,- l -rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3- O -,- d -glucopyranoside, vitexin, isovitexin, gallic acid and epi-catechin, as the major constituents. In-vivo assay (the croton oil ear test in mice) showed that the extract had significant anti-inflammatory effect (ID50 = 900 ,g cm2) but ten times lower than that of indometacin (ID50 = 93 ,g cm2), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used as reference. Cytotoxicity and cutaneous irritation of the extract and its constituents were investigated. The crude extract and its major components did not affect cell viability in-vitro either in three different cultures (J774.A1, WEHI-164 and HEK-293) of cells grown in monolayers or in the reconstituted human epidermis (RHE, 3D model), nor did they cause release of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1,) or histomorphological modification of RHE. [source] Free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Acaena magellanicaJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2002Gabriela Egly Feresin Extracts of the whole plant Acaena magellanica (Rosaceae) were assessed for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity in animal models. At 600 mg kg,1, the global ethanolic extract (GEE), dichloromethane (DCM) and defatted methanol (MeOH) fractions showed a mild anti-inflammatory effect in the carrageenan-induced guinea-pig paw oedema. The GEE, DCM and defatted MeOH fractions significantly reduced inflammation by 43.2, 40.5 and 42.1%, respectively. The GEE did not showed any significant antipyretic activity in doses up to 600 mg kg,1. A 20% w/v infusion administered orally at 16 mL kg,1 presented analgesic effect in the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test in mice. The GEE and MeOH extract of A. magellanica showed free radical scavenging activity in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl decolouration assay. Assay-guided isolation led to quercetin, Q-3- O -,-D-glucoside, Q-3- O -,-D-galactoside, ellagic acid and catechin as the free radical scavengers. The saponins tormentic acid 28- O -,-D-galactopyranoside and 28- O -,-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the polar extract. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. [source] Research Article: Fingerprinting Analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid ChromatographyJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Yue-Yang Xin The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) fingerprints of fractionated non-polar and polar extracts (control substance for plant drug [CSPD] A and B) from the roots of 12 specimens of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk were achieved with Fourier Transform (FT)-NMR spectrometer and assigned by comparison to each other and to the 1H NMR spectra of the isolated individual compounds. These fingerprints were found to be uniform in terms of the specificity for the implication of all 12 specimens being systematically of the same origin. The uniformity was further affirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which also revealed exactly identical specificity for the identified S. divaricata species with the 1H NMR appearances of corresponding CSPD on the part of the composition of characteristic constituents when comparing to corresponding individual compounds. This investigation unambiguously shows that the specific signals from the chemotaxonomically significant compounds of chromones and coumarins in S. divaricata are exhibited distinctively in the composite features of both 1H NMR fingerprints and HPLC profiles. The 1H NMR and HPLC profiles established can successfully be used as reference for the authentication of the origin of S. divaricata species as well as for chemotaxonomic studies. [source] Antioxidant properties of polar and non-polar extracts of some tropical green leafy vegetablesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2008Ganiyu Oboh Abstract BACKGROUND: The higher consumption of vegetables and fruits could be a practical approach to the management of oxidative stress. The present study sought to compare the antioxidant properties of polar and non-polar constituents of some tropical green leafy vegetables (Struchium sparganophora, Amaranthus cruentus, Telfairia occidentalis, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinium triangulare, Cnidoscolous aconitifolius and Vernonia amygdalina). RESULTS: The polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (3330,17 572 mg kg,1), total flavonoid (1668,4306 mg kg,1) and vitamin C (224,642 mg kg,1)) were higher than the non-polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (703,3115 mg kg,1), total flavonoid (130,1303 mg kg,1) and carotenoids (132,1303 mg kg,1)). Furthermore, the polar extracts had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (except T. triangulare), total antioxidant capacity, reducing power (except T. triangulare and A. cruentus) and Fe(II) chelating ability (except C. aconitifolius and S. sparganophora). However, the polar and non-polar extract of O. gratissimum had the highest antioxidant properties while that of T. triangulare had the least antioxidant properties. CONCLUSION: The polar extract of most of the vegetables had higher antioxidant properties than the non-polar extract, with O. gratissimum extracts having the highest antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of Sideritis perfoliata subsp. perfoliata (Lamiaceae)PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008Maria-Thiresia Charami Abstract Sideritis perfoliata L. subsp. perfoliata is a plant widely used in folk medicine in Greece since antiquity because of its antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, antiulcer, digestive and vasoprotective properties. Phytochemical investigations of the polar extracts afforded four flavonoid glycosides, four phenylpropanoic glycosides, caffeic acid and one iridoid, ajugoside. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the aetiology of several inflammatory processes. In the present study polar fractions and isolated compounds from S. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH spectrophotometric and TBA lipid peroxidation assays, as well as for their antiinflammatory activity using the soybean lipoxygenase bioassay. All extracts and isolated compounds showed significant antioxidant and inhibitory activity against soybean lipoxygenase. These findings give support to the ethnopharmacological use of the plant in the treatment of several inflammatory ailments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||