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Point
Kinds of Point Terms modified by Point Selected AbstractsTHE CASE OF THE CRITICS WHO MISSED THE POINT: A REPLY TO WEBSTER ET AL.,CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2006STEVEN D. LEVITT First page of article [source] POINT SHAVING IN COLLEGE BASKETBALL: A CAUTIONARY TALE FOR FORENSIC ECONOMICSECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 1 2010DAN BERNHARDT Point shaving is the practice by favored teams of attempting to win by less than the point spread to yield profits for gamblers who bet on the underdog. Consistent with point shaving, strong favorites are anomalously likely to win by less than the spread. To distinguish between innocent and criminal explanations, we (1) exploit information in line movements and (2) isolate games without betting lines to identify games where point shaving is implausible and document similar patterns. The data are better explained by strategic efforts to maximize the probability of winning. These findings highlight the importance of methodology design. (JEL L83, K42) [source] MOBILE PHONE ADDICTION: A POINT OF ISSUEADDICTION, Issue 2 2010MARIANO CHÓLIZ No abstract is available for this article. [source] MORAL FORMATION, CULTURAL ATTACHMENT OR SOCIAL CONTROL: WHAT'S THE POINT OF VALUES EDUCATION?EDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 1 2000David Carr First page of article [source] RESPONSE LETTER TO DR. BILLINGS: SHORTER SURVIVAL MAY POINT TO BETTER CARE CONSISTENT WITH PATIENT WISHESJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2008Susan Enguidanos PhD No abstract is available for this article. [source] INFORMATION POINT: Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves (see pg.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2002[source] POINT: A Prescription to Decrease Left Ventricular FunctionPREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Myrvin H. Ellestad MD The Courage Trial, published in 2007, has significantly reduced the incidence of treating stable angina with angioplasty. The investigators randomized 2297 patients with documented cardiac ischemia to conservative or invasive therapy and concluded that there was no difference in major events during a follow-up of 2.5 to 7 years and that the urge to open the narrowed artery was unjustified. Over the years it has been well documented by myocardial biopsy that repeated ischemic episodes result in replacement of myocardial cells by fibrous tissue, loss of mitochondria, and deterioration of left ventricular function. Ischemic episodes often occur in the absence of angina so that it is impossible to determine whether the therapy is reducing the magnitude or duration of the process. Also, in their study, 32% of the conservatively treated patients crossed over to invasive. The evidence indicated that conservative treatment may result in a progressive decrease in left ventricular function. [source] MICHEL FOUCAULT AND THE POINT OF PAINTINGART HISTORY, Issue 4 2009CATHERINE M. SOUSSLOFF This article offers a historiographical analysis of Foucault's contribution to art theory by arguing that the philosopher used the medium of painting and its history since Alberti to explore the differences in the concept of realism between 1650 and his own day. I argue that in his four essays on painting written between 1966 and 1976 Foucault took up the relation of painting to knowledge (savoir), particularly the question of how painting means using an innovative approach that he termed historical. Like the phenomenologists who immediately preceded him, Foucault understood painting as related to our understanding of how knowledge is communicated or felt rather than of how it exists as philosophy. This article explores the consequences of Foucault's contribution to the history of painting for both art history and visual studies. [source] ON THE CHANGE POINT OF THE MEAN RESIDUAL LIFE OF SERIES AND PARALLEL SYSTEMSAUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 1 2010Yan Shen Summary This paper considers the mean residual life in series and parallel systems with independent and identically distributed components and obtains relationships between the change points of the mean residual life of systems and that of their components. Compared with the change point for single components, should it exists, the change point for a series system occurs later. For a parallel system, however, the change point is located before that for the components, if it exists at all. Moreover, for both types of systems, the distance between the change points of the mean residual life for systems and for components increases with the number of components. These results are helpful in the determination of optimal burn-in time and related decision making in reliability analysis. [source] Nursing Diagnosis Extension and Classification: Ongoing PhaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Martha Craft-Rosenberg BACKGROUND The Nursing Diagnosis Extension and Classification Project (NDEC) has been active for almost a decade. The team began with the formation of a team of investigators at The University of Iowa College of Nursing. From 1994 until 2000 the research team consisted of 16 investigators who were experts in nursing care across the lifespan. They also represented expertise in both qualitative and quantitative research. The aims of the NDEC research are to evaluate and revise NANDA diagnoses, to validate the diagnoses using a clinical information system, and to develop candidate diagnoses. MAIN CONTENT POINTS Phase 1 of the NDEC research has yielded 116 refined and developed nursing diagnoses that have been submitted to NANDA. Of these, 65 have been approved and 54 appeared in Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification, 1999,2000 along with 39 NDEC products. In the 2000,2001 edition, 7 diagnoses refined by NDEC and 7 new diagnoses submitted by NDEC are included. As only about half the NDEC products have appeared in NANDA publications, the three-level review process (Diagnosis Review Committee, membership, and Board) has been discussed with the NANDA board. This request is currently being honored by the Diagnosis Review Committee; however, review by the membership and review by the NANDA board is just beginning to move in this direction. Phase 2, clinical validation of the NDEC work, is being conducted at a long-term care facility. It will also be conducted at a large teaching hospital. All the NDEC refinement and development work has been submitted for clinical validation. Currently validation is planned at the label level only. Phase 3 involves identification of candidate diagnoses. Many of the candidate diagnoses were developed during the concept analysis phase, when NDEC team members identified the need for additional diagnoses. Nurses in practice have submitted other candidate diagnoses. In total 195 candidate diagnoses have been identified and placed into a database. In order for the NDEC team to make decisions regarding priorities for diagnosis development, the diagnoses in the candidate database are compared to diagnoses in other classifications that have already been developed. Several classifications are used for comparison including the Omaha System and the Home Health Care Classification. A large table is used to compare candidate label to other labels. Candidate diagnosis included in other classifications will be given lower priority for development by NDEC. CONCLUSIONS The NDEC work plan includes work on diagnoses to be resubmitted to the NANDA Diagnosis Review Committee. It is hoped that the Web site for NLINKS will facilitate the work of diagnosis refinement and development. NDEC will continue to work with any investigator who is seeking assistance. The last part of the work plan is resource acquisition and recruitment of investigators to continue the refinement and development of diagnoses. [source] Developing Clinical Terms for Health Visiting in the United KingdomINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003June Clark BACKGROUND The UK health visiting service provides a universalist preventive health service that focuses mainly on families with young children and the elderly or vulnerable, but anyone who wishes can access the services. The principles of health visiting have been formally defined as the search for health needs, the stimulation of awareness of health needs, influencing policies that affect health, and the facilitation of health-enhancing activities. The project is currently in its fourth phase. In phase 1, 17 health visitors recorded their encounters with families with new babies over a period of 3 months; in phase 2, 27 health visitors recorded their encounters with a wider range of clients (769 encounters with 205 families) over a period of 9 months; in phase 3, the system is being used by a variety of healthcare professionals in a specialist program that provides intensive parenting support; phase 4 is developing a prototype of an automated version for point-of-contact recording. UK nursing has no tradition of standardized language and the concept of nursing diagnosis is almost unknown. Over the past decade, however, the government has initiated the development of a standardized terminology (Read codes) to cover all disciplines and all aspects of health care, and it is likely that the emerging SNOMED-CT terminology (a merger of the Read codes with the SNOMED terminology) will be mandated for use throughout the National Health Service (NHS). MAIN CONTENT POINTS The structure and key elements of the Omaha System were retained but the terminology was modified to take account of the particular field of practice and emerging UK needs. Modifications made were carefully tracked. The Problem Classification Scheme was modified as follows: ,All terms were anglicized. ,Some areas , notably relating to antepartum/postpartum, neonatal care, child protection, and growth and development,were expanded. ,The qualifiers "actual,""potential," and "health promotion" were changed to "problem,""risk," and "no problem." ,Risk factors were included as modifiers of "risk" alongside the "signs and symptoms" that qualify problems. The Intervention Classification was modified by substituting synonymous terms for "case management" and "surveillance" and dividing "health teaching, guidance, and counseling" into two categories. The Omaha System "targets" were renamed "focus" and a new axis of "recipient" was introduced in line with SNOMED-CT. The revised terminologies were tested in use and also sent for review to 3 nursing language experts and 12 practitioners, who were asked to review them for domain completeness, appropriate granularity, parsimony, synonymy, nonambiguity, nonredundancy, context independence, and compatibility with emerging multiaxial and combinatorial nomenclatures. Review comments were generally very favourable and modifications suggested are being incorporated. CONCLUSIONS The newly published government strategy for information management and technology in the NHS in Wales requires the rapid development of an electronic patient record, for which the two prerequisites are structured documentation and the use of standardized language. The terminology developed in this project will enable nursing concepts to be incorporated into the new systems. The experiences of the project team also offer many lessons that will be useful for developing the necessary educational infrastructure. [source] Use of NANDA, NIC, and NOC in a Baccalaureate CurriculumINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Cynthia Finesilver BACKGROUND For the last 8 years, NANDA, NIC, and NOC have been successfully introduced to students in fundamentals courses at Bellin College of Nursing. As students progress through the curriculum, the classifications are expanded and applied to various client populations in all settings. The faculty expect students to use NANDA, NIC, and NOC in a variety of ways: during preparation for care of clients, documentation of client care, discussion of clients in postconference; in formal nursing process papers; and in the college laboratory setting. MAIN CONTENT POINTS Through the use of standardized languages, which address all steps of the nursing process, students have been able to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care in all settings, from primary care to specialty care areas. Application of the NANDA, NOC, and NIC frameworks into a baccalaureate curriculum is desirable because the classifications are research based, comprehensive, and based on current nursing practice. NOC and NIC include physiologic, psychosocial, illness prevention and treatment, health promotion, and alternative therapies. Because of the universal and clinically meaningful language, students are able to communicate and document nursing activities in diverse settings and better define the unique actions and value of nursing. Feedback from students and faculty has been positive. Faculty members are encouraged to refine and alter course expectations related to NANDA, NOC, and NIC as needed. Students in the fundamentals courses adapt easily to NANDA, NOC and NIC during small group work and during discussion of common client problems, such as constipation. CONCLUSIONS Although the frameworks are not used as part of the organizing framework, they are used to teach nursing process and increase students' critical thinking and problem-solving capabilities. [source] A Computerized Nursing Process Support System in BrazilINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Maria da Graça Oliveira Crossetti BACKGROUND Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre introduced the nursing process model as the basis for nursing practice at the hospital more than 20 years ago. A computerized nursing order system based on nursing diagnoses was introduced. The strategies used in the development of the system included establishment of Nursing Diagnosis Work Groups in 1998; systematic analysis of nursing processes based on the work of existing studies, the NANDA taxonomy in 1999; development and implementation of a data collection instrument to analyze the nursing diagnosis process; training of all nursing staff during 1999,2000; meetings between analysts and nursing staff to articulate the nursing process needs the system would be required to support; pilot implementation of the computerized nursing process system in the ICU in February 2000; and hospital-wide implementation in December 2000. The system supports nursing diagnoses and orders. It was developed in-house by the information systems group at the hospital and is implemented as an Oracle database accessed in client server mode over a Windows NT-based Ethernet network. The system is part of the hospital's larger clinical information management system. MAIN CONTENT POINTS The patient care module includes medical orders and nursing orders. On entering the nursing orders module, the user selects a patient and the system presents a list all current orders completed and pending. These orders can be examined, updated, and reprinted, and new daily nursing orders can also be input at this time. The "new order" screen provides the user with any previous orders to ensure consistency in nursing care. New nursing orders are prepared based on the patient history, physical exam, and daily evaluations. Required interventions are identified based on changes in the patient's "basic human needs." This process can be realized through two distinct paths through the nursing care module: one associated with diagnoses and the other with signs and symptoms. A nurse with more clinical experience and knowledge of diagnostic reasoning will opt to develop orders based on diagnoses. After the diagnosis and associated etiology is input, the system generates a list of possible interventions for selection. The duration and frequency of the intervention can then be specified and the order individualized to a patient's particular needs. Less experienced nurses and students will develop nursing orders based on a patient's signs and symptoms. The system generates a list of diagnoses, etiology, and associated basic human needs in response to the signs and symptoms input. The nurse selects the appropriate diagnoses and etiology and the system generates the list of nursing intervention options. Nurses following either path are required to confirm their orders. They then have the option of developing other orders for the same patient until all that patient's basic human needs have been addressed. The orders can be printed but also remain in the system for nursing staff to implement. CONCLUSIONS The application of systematic, evidence-based methods in nursing care results in improved quality of service that conforms to individual patients' basic human needs. [source] IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS IN THE TWO SELECTED HACCP-CERTIFIED PRAWN PROCESSING UNITSJOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 2 2009PADMAJA R. JONNALAGADDA ABSTRACT A study on identification of critical control points in two export processing units indicated the contamination (cfu/g) of raw prawns with pathogenic fecal coliforms was <10,8 × 102 in Unit A, 1 × 101,1.3 × 102 in Unit B and 1 × 103,4 × 104 in pond to plate. The other microbial contaminants in Unit A and from Pond to Plate at different stages were Salmonella spp., 3 × 102,5.7 × 103 and 2 × 102,6 × 102; Staphylococcus aureus, 1.7 × 103,5.7 × 103 and 1 × 103 to 9 × 104; and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 3 × 102,2 × 104 and 3 × 104,5 × 104, respectively. However, microbial contamination was significantly reduced to <10 after subjecting to household cooking process. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Implementation of hazard analysis critical control points (HACCPs) in the food industry is the most important approach to maintaining food safety. Identification of the critical control points in the HACCPs process will help the aquaculture industry to improve its production processes by applying good aquaculture and good hygienic practices at the production level. The study further provides clear insights into identifying critical control points both at the farm level and at the processing units that are important from farm to fork. [source] FURTHER COMMENTS ON STATIONARITY TESTS IN SERIES WITH STRUCTURAL BREAKS AT UNKNOWN POINTSJOURNAL OF TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2003Fabio Busetti First page of article [source] Identification of operationally tolerant liver transplant recipients,LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue S2 2010Alberto Sánchez-Fueyo KEY POINTS: (1) Liver allografts exhibit intrinsic tolerogenic properties that result in their spontaneous acceptance in many experimental animal models. (2) In clinical transplantation, liver allografts require milder immunosuppression (IS) regimens than other organs, are remarkably resistant to antibody-mediated rejection, and only very rarely are lost because of immunological insults. (3) A fraction of stable liver transplant recipients can withdraw from all IS therapy and then maintain normal graft function and not experience rejection. This phenomenon is known as spontaneous operational tolerance. (4) The intentional discontinuation of IS in stable liver transplant recipients has led to successful weaning in almost 20% of recipients, but the true prevalence of spontaneous operational tolerance in unselected recipients is still unknown. (5) The prevalence could be higher in pediatric recipients undergoing transplantation before 1 year of age and in adult recipients with more than 10 years of posttransplant follow-up. (6) Rejection occurring during medically supervised IS weaning trials tends to be mild and, in the overwhelming majority of cases, can be easily resolved without the administration of high-dose IS. (7) Tolerant liver recipients exhibit specific transcriptional patterns in peripheral blood and in liver tissue that may constitute future diagnostic markers of tolerance. (8) There is still no formal proof that the discontinuation of low-dose IS in long-term surviving liver recipients improves the morbidity and mortality rates associated with IS therapy. Liver Transpl 16:S82-S86, 2010. © 2010 AASLD. [source] OVERT AND COVERT NARCISSISM: TURNING POINTS AND MUTATIVE ELEMENTS IN TWO PSYCHOTHERAPIESBRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAPY, Issue 4 2001Jan Ole Revik ABSTRACT Two patients, one with an overt and the other with a covert narcis-sistic disorder, are followed through five years of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. A number of important turning points in the therapies are closely evaluated in order to discover possible mutative elements. Special attention is paid to the patients' self-sufficiency. The attachment process to the therapist and the patients' gradual acceptance of healthy dependency are described. The theoretical framework is selfpsychological. [source] Investigating Driver Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents Using Fuzzy ARTMAPCOMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2002Hassan T. Abdelwahab This paper applies fuzzy adaptive resonance theory MAP (fuzzy ARTMAP) neural networks to analyze and predict injury severity for drivers involved in traffic accidents. The paper presents a modified version of fuzzy ARTMAP in which the training patterns are ordered using the K,means algorithm before being presented to the neural network. The paper presents three applications of fuzzy ARTMAP for analyzing driver injury severity for drivers involved in accidents on highways, signalized intersections, and toll plazas. The analysis is based on central Florida's traffic accident database. Results showed that the ordered fuzzy ARTMAP proved to reduce the network size and improved the performance. To facilitate the application of fuzzy ARTMAP, a series of simulation experiments to extract knowledge from the models were suggested. Results of the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network showed that female drivers experience higher severity levels than male drivers. Vehicle speed at the time of an accident increases the likelihood of high injury severity. Wearing a seat belt decreases the chance of having severe injuries. Drivers in passenger cars are more likely to experience a higher injury severity level than those in vans or pickup trucks. Point of impact, area type, driving under the influence, and driver age were also among the factors that influence the severity level. [source] Point of No ReturnCONSERVATION, Issue 3 2005Evidence is mounting that fish populations won't necessarily recover even if overfishing stops. First page of article [source] Geriatric Emergency Medicine and the 2006 Institute of Medicine Reports from the Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the U.S. Health SystemACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 12 2006Scott T. Wilber MD Abstract Three recently published Institute of Medicine reports, Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point, Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads, and Emergency Care for Children: Growing Pains, examined the current state of emergency care in the United States. They concluded that the emergency medicine system as a whole is overburdened, underfunded, and highly fragmented. These reports did not specifically discuss the effect the aging population has on emergency care now and in the future and did not discuss special needs of older patients. This report focuses on the emergency care of older patients, with the intent to provide information that will help shape discussions on this issue. [source] Left Ventricular Apical Thin Point Viewed with Two-Dimensional EchocardiographyECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 8 2009Guo Baosheng M.D. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography in observing the left ventricular apical thin point (LVATP) and to view the change in thickness and width of the LVATP during the cardiac cycle. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 32 healthy adult volunteers to observe the LVATP in an apical three-chamber view. The width and thickness of the LVATP were measured at the end-diastole as well as at the end-systole. With two-dimensional echocardiography, the LVATP could be clearly shown. The width of the LVATP at the end-diastole and end-systole was 3.3 mm ± 1.4 mm versus 0.9 mm±0.4 mm, P < 0.001; the thickness of the LVATP at the end-diastole and end-systole was 1.7 mm ± 0.6 mm versus 1.8 mm ± 0.8 mm, P > 0.05. The LVATP can be viewed with two-dimensional echocardiography; the LVATP changes significantly in width during the cardiac cycle, whereas the thickness of the LVATP changes insignificantly. [source] Tests for Parameter Instability and Structural Change with Unknown Change Point: A CorrigendumECONOMETRICA, Issue 1 2003Donald W. K. Andrews No abstract is available for this article. [source] Seasonal evaluation of reproductive status and exposure to environmental estrogens in hornyhead turbot at the municipal wastewater outfall of Orange County, CAENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Xin Deng Abstract Seasonal changes in developmental stages, condition factor (CF), gonadosomatic index, and plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) concentrations in male and female hornyhead turbot were examined at the wastewater outfall (T1) of the Orange County Sanitation District, and two farfield sites T11 (7.7 km northwest of the outfall) and Dana Point (35 km south of the outfall) between February 2005 and May 2006. Fish collected from the three sites exhibited male-oriented sex ratios. With few exceptions, developmental stages, CF, and GSI of both genders and plasma Vtg concentrations of females were not significantly different in samples collected from different sites at the same sampling period. More advanced gonad developmental stages and higher plasma Vtg concentrations in females were observed in August, indicating the seasonality of the reproductive cycle for this species. Plasma Vtg concentrations in males were observed in all of the sampling sites with the highest prevalence at T11 relative to T1 and Dana Point. The Vtg expression in males from the three sampling sites indicated widespread exposure to estrogenic compounds in waters of coastal California. However, the histopathological and reproductive relevance of the responses appeared to be insignificant and may not affect the population in these locations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 464,471, 2007. [source] Carbosilane Dendrons Functionalized at Their Focal PointEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 18 2005Román Andrés Abstract The Si,Ph bond of PhSi[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]3 (5) is cleaved with triflic acid to give TfOSi[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]3, which, in turn, reacts with triethylammonium chloride or potassium cyclopentadienide to give, respectively, ClSi[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]3 (8) and (C5H5)Si[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]3 (10). This strategy can be applied to the post-growth incorporation of nucleophiles to the focal point of carbosilane dendritic wedges. In this way, cyclopentadiene-functionalized dendritic wedges of second and third generation C5H5 -Gn -[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]x (n = 2, x = 9, 11; n = 3, x = 27, 12) have been obtained starting from Ph-Gn -[(CH2)3SiMe2Bz]x (6, 7). The metallocenes [{(BzMe2SiCH2CH2CH2)3SiC5H4}2MCl2] (M = Ti, 14; Zr, 15) have also been obtained from 10 and their catalytic behavior in ethylene and propylene polymerization, using MAO as a cocatalyst, has been studied and compared to that of related non-dendritic complexes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) [source] ,Around the axis of our real need': On the Ethical Point of Wittgenstein's PhilosophyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY, Issue 3 2001Victor J. Krebs First page of article [source] The Effects of Differences in Point of View on the Story Production of Japanese EFL StudentsFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 2 2001Taeko Kamimura Japanese college EFL students wrote two narrative stories based on the same series of pictures, one in the first-person perspective and the other in the third-person perspective. The sample writings were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in relation to the students' levels of English proficiency. The results showed that when the perspective was shifted from the first to the third person, the low-proficiency students' writings became poorer in quantity and quality, whereas the high-proficiency students' narratives exhibited no decrease in quantity and a slight decline in quality. On the other hand, when the perspective was switched from the third to the first person, the students' writings showed both quantitative and qualitative development, and this development was more clearly observed in the stories of those with high English proficiency. [source] Acheulean artifact accumulation and early hominin land use, Garden Route Casino Road, Pinnacle Point, South AfricaGEOARCHAEOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Erin Thompson An Early Stone Age Acheulean lithic assemblage collected along a 1.5-km transect at the Garden Route Casino near Pinnacle Point, Mossel Bay, South Africa, was examined in order to assess the relative degree to which assemblage variability is impacted by post-occupational processes and/or terrain. It was found that post-occupational variables do vary across the study area, and they affect the positions of artifacts to different degrees. Terrain structure was determined to have minimal effect on artifact movement. Three analysis sections were identified as having artifacts that were likely close to their original positions and compositions. Future interpretations of differential land use can now be tempered with considerations of the post-occupational processes that formed the recovered assemblage. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Enigma variations: the stratigraphy, provenance, palaeoseismicity and depositional history of the Lower Old Red Sandstone Cosheston Group, south Pembrokeshire, WalesGEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Issue 5 2006Richard G. Thomas Abstract The Lower Devonian (Lochkovian-Emsian) Cosheston Group of south Pembrokeshire is one of the most enigmatic units of the Old Red Sandstone of Wales. It consists of a predominantly green, exceptionally thick succession (up to 1.8,km) within the red c. 3,km-thick fill of the Anglo-Welsh Basin, but occupies a very small area (27,km2). Four formations,Llanstadwell (LLF), Mill Bay (MBF), Lawrenny Cliff (LCF) and New Shipping (NSF),group into lower (LLF,+,MBF) and upper (LCF,+,NSF) units on stratigraphical and sedimentological criteria. Two palynostratigraphic associations (Hobbs Point and Burton Cliff) are recognised in the LLF. Overall, the Cosheston succession comprises a fluvial, coarsening-upward megasequence, mostly arranged in fining-upward rhythms. It is interpreted as the fill of an east-west graben bounded by faults to the north and south of the Benton and Ritec faults, respectively. Both ,lower Cosheston' formations were deposited by east-flowing, axial river systems draining a southern Irish Sea landmass. Drainage reversal, early in the deposition of the LCF, resulted in ,upper Cosheston' lateral, SW-flowing rivers which carried predominantly second- and multi-cycle detritus. The ,lower Cosheston' is characterized by an abundance of soft-sediment deformation structures, probably seismically triggered by movements along the graben's northern bounding fault. A minimum average (, mesoseismic) earthquake recurrence interval of c. 4000,yr is estimated for the MBF. This and the correlative Senni Formation of south-central Wales form a regionally extensive green-bed development that represents a pluvial climatic interval. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Spatial independent component analysis of functional MRI time-series: To what extent do results depend on the algorithm used?HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 3 2002Fabrizio Esposito Abstract Independent component analysis (ICA) has been successfully employed to decompose functional MRI (fMRI) time-series into sets of activation maps and associated time-courses. Several ICA algorithms have been proposed in the neural network literature. Applied to fMRI, these algorithms might lead to different spatial or temporal readouts of brain activation. We compared the two ICA algorithms that have been used so far for spatial ICA (sICA) of fMRI time-series: the Infomax (Bell and Sejnowski [1995]: Neural Comput 7:1004,1034) and the Fixed-Point (Hyvärinen [1999]: Adv Neural Inf Proc Syst 10:273,279) algorithms. We evaluated the Infomax- and Fixed Point-based sICA decompositions of simulated motor, and real motor and visual activation fMRI time-series using an ensemble of measures. Log-likelihood (McKeown et al. [1998]: Hum Brain Mapp 6:160,188) was used as a measure of how significantly the estimated independent sources fit the statistical structure of the data; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and linear correlation analyses were used to evaluate the algorithms' accuracy of estimating the spatial layout and the temporal dynamics of simulated and real activations; cluster sizing calculations and an estimation of a residual gaussian noise term within the components were used to examine the anatomic structure of ICA components and for the assessment of noise reduction capabilities. Whereas both algorithms produced highly accurate results, the Fixed-Point outperformed the Infomax in terms of spatial and temporal accuracy as long as inferential statistics were employed as benchmarks. Conversely, the Infomax sICA was superior in terms of global estimation of the ICA model and noise reduction capabilities. Because of its adaptive nature, the Infomax approach appears to be better suited to investigate activation phenomena that are not predictable or adequately modelled by inferential techniques. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:146,157, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Point of care mutation detectionHUMAN MUTATION, Issue 2 2010Mats Nilsson No abstract is available for this article. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||