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Potential Competition (potential + competition)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Life Sciences	71%

Selected Abstracts

MONOPOLY, POTENTIAL COMPETITION AND PRIVATE STOCK INFORMATION IN EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCE MARKETS

NATURAL RESOURCE MODELING, Issue 4 2000
MARK D. AGEE
ABSTRACT. This paper develops an exhaustible resource model with an incumbent monopolist that faces future potential entry of a single rival or backstop technology. The model is characterized by private stock information in the sense that firms do not know with certainty the size and/or quality of their rival's reserve stock. Results indicate that if such information is private, the strategic response of the monopolist to an entry threat is to extract reserves in the pre-entry era at a rate faster than would a pure monopolist in an uncontested market, and thus could lead to an improvement in economic welfare relative to the situation where entry is restricted. [source]

The Relative Importance of Actual and Potential Competition: Empirical Evidence From the Pharmaceuticals Market

THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2003
Mats A. Bergman
We study actual and potential competition and other factors that determine price paths of brand-name drugs in the Swedish pharmaceuticals market. The results indicate that the price of the incumbent product is lowered by potential competition, entry of (additional) generics, and the introduction of a so-called reference-price system. We also identify a ,ratchet' effect, through which price regulation makes entry-deterring limit-pricing credible. [source]

Biology, ecology and status of Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica: a critical review and research prospectus

MAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2009
PELAYO ACEVEDO
ABSTRACT 1The Iberian ibex Capra pyrenaica is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and of the four subspecies originally recognized, recent extinctions mean that only two now persist. Recent genetic analyses have cast doubt on the generally accepted taxonomy of the species, where four subspecies were distinguished by coat colour and horn morphology, and propose the distinction of two subspecies based on their mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphism. These analyses make clear the need for a comprehensive revision that integrates genetic and morphological approaches resulting in a definitive description and differentiation of the subspecies. 2Studies of ibex behavioural ecology and health status are scarce and generally descriptive. They should be implemented in an integrative way, taking into account the ecological requirements of the species, current population status, the presence of other sympatric wild and domestic ungulates, and the type of hunting regime and management in their distribution areas. 3A natural expansion of the species is currently taking place. Ibexes are present and well established in all the main mountain ranges of the Spanish Iberian Peninsula, and have recently expanded their range into the north of Portugal. Other authors estimated a total population of more than 50 000 individuals 10 years ago, distributed over more than 60 000 km2, with an average population density of 2.7 ibex/km2. However, these estimates were obtained prior to the species' recovery from recent epizootics of sarcoptic mange and should be updated. Survey methods, mainly direct count-based methods, should be adjusted to suit mountainous conditions, where it is difficult to estimate accurately the surveyed surface. 4A series of threats to ibex conservation have been identified, such as population overabundance, disease prevalence and potential competition with domestic livestock and invasive ungulates, along with negative effects of human disturbance through tourism and hunting. 5Applied ecological issues focused on the proper management of populations should be prioritized, along with the identification of current threats based on empirical, ecological data obtained from populations living in various ecological conditions in different regions. [source]

Variations of diet composition of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Europe

MAMMAL REVIEW, Issue 3-4 2001
Claudia Gebert
ABSTRACT To define the food resources of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Europe and to detect the principal sources of variations in their diet, we reviewed field studies based on stomach content analysis. The study areas were classified into three main habitat groups (mixed-coniferous forest, mixed-deciduous forest, moorland), the food items into 13 plant categories, and we used five seasonal classes (winter, spring, summer, autumn, hunting season) for analysing the data set. For statistical analyses we used correspondence analysis and analysis of variance. Red Deer eat a varied diet comprising at least 145 plant species. The main sources of diet variation were due to habitat, leading us to identify three habitat types characterized by the consumption of a few key species. Clear seasonal variation was observed only for the seed and fruit items which were used mainly during the hunting season. Our results confirm that Red Deer can be classified among the intermediate feeders, with a mixed diet of grass & sedges (29%) and concentrate food items (63%). However, they also show Red Deer to be primarily a concentrate feeder (max. 75%) with no significant seasonal variation between the quantities of grass or sedges and concentrate food in the diet. In the light of these results, we discuss potential competition with other sympatric ungulates (wild and domestic). We suggest that it may be useful to take into account key food resources in modelling population dynamics and in taking management decisions. [source]

The Relative Importance of Actual and Potential Competition: Empirical Evidence From the Pharmaceuticals Market

Comparison of sympatric freshwater turtle populations from an urbanized Sydney catchment

AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 7 2008
Shelley Burgin
Abstract 1.Australian freshwater turtles are widely distributed throughout the continent, and in each river catchment there are at least two taxa. In south-eastern Australia Chelodina longicollis and forms of Emydura macquarii co-habit within a waterway, although they have been shown to partition habitat within the water column in non-urban bodies of water. Limited comparative data are available for the urban populations. 2.Within urban Sydney C. longicollis (eastern long-necked turtle) and Emydura macquarii dharuk (Sydney short-necked turtle) share habitat. However, in contrast with non-urban studies of C. longicollis and other sympatric E. macquarii taxa, it was observed that the population profile of the two species was similar at all sites, and that C. longicollis were present in greater numbers than E. m. dharuk. 3.The continued degradation of preferred habitat, low recruitment, and potential competition from introduced turtles place both species in a precarious position. 4.The shallow, impounded waterways of the regulated urban bodies of water align more closely with the preferred habitat of C. longicollis than with that of forms of E. macquarii, which prefer deeper flowing waters or large wetlands adjacent to rivers. Emydura m. dharuk may be at greatest risk of extinction in urban areas. 5.Across urban Sydney, the low numbers of E. m. dharuk compared with C. longicollis may be due to the lack of mobility of E. m. dharuk such that individuals tend to be stranded in sub-optimal habitat. In contrast, C. longicollis has a greater propensity for overland movement, and a preference for the ,new habitat' resulting from urban impacts on the associated waterways, and thus appears to be able to utilize these modified urban waters more successfully. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Interspecific Competition and Niche Separation in Primates: A Global Analysis

BIOTROPICA, Issue 3 2009
Brian M. Schreier
ABSTRACT Primates are an extraordinarily well-known tropical forest, mammalian taxon. We investigated potential modes of niche separation in primates by identifying sympatric species with putatively similar niche characteristics and assessing potential competition using data gleaned from an extensive literature review. We defined competing species-pairs as (a) sympatric species in which (b) the body mass of the larger species was within 30 percent of the smaller species' mass and (c) the species had the same category of diet. A sample of 43 well-studied forests (7,20 per continent) provided 673 pairs of sympatric primate species. Of these, 45 pairs (7%) are potential competitors by our definition. Africa has the largest number of competing pairs (17 pairs), while Asia might have the highest percentage of competitors in each forest site (17%). Niche separation was investigated for each pair by examining them for each of eight possible modes of separation: detailed differences in diets (28% of potential competitors), use of different heights in the forest (25%), use of different types of forest (14%), use of different locations within the forest (11%), use of support branches of different diameters (7%), different ranging behavior (6%), different techniques of prey capture (4%), and differential timing of activity (4%). The use of different heights in the forest is the dominant form of potential separation in Africa (31% of competing species-pairs) and Asia (38%), while detailed differences in diet appears to be the primary mode of niche separation in the Americas (26%) and Madagascar (32%). [source]