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Plaque Deposits (plaque + deposit)
Selected AbstractsThe influence of a hydrogen peroxide and glycerol containing mouthrinse on plaque accumulation: a 3-day non-brushing modelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 4 2009NL Hoenderdos Abstract:, Aim:, To evaluate the inhibition of plaque growth by an experimental mouthrinse (BioXyl®) based on hydrogen peroxide/glycerol. Design:, It was a double-blind, randomized study involving 40 volunteers in good general health. At the start of the trial, all participants received a dental prophylaxis to remove all plaque deposits. During the next 3 days subjects refrained from any mechanical oral hygiene procedure, except for the allocated mouthrinse being either the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.013% H2O2/0.004% glycerol) or the placebo without H2O2. At the third day of appointment, plaque levels were assessed at six sites per tooth. Results:, The test group had a mean overall plaque score of 2.66 and the placebo group of 2.70. The difference in plaque scores between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions:, The results of this pilot study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the H2O2/glycerol group and the placebo group with respect to plaque inhibition within this study design. [source] Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Leonardo Trombelli Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 697-704 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01573.x. Abstract Aims: To evaluate the interleukin-1, (IL-1,) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1, concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B+3954 and IL-1B,511 gene polymorphisms. Results: (i) GCF IL-1, concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1, detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1, concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B+3954 genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1, was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. Conclusions: Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1, levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype. [source] Subgingival debridement of root surfaces with a micro-brush: macroscopic and ultrastructural assessmentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2001Helen M. Carey Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of a micro-brush to remove plaque deposits from subgingival, periodontally involved root surfaces in vivo. Methods: 30 periodontally involved teeth requiring extraction for periodontal or prosthetic reasons in 26 adult patients were utilised. For inclusion, teeth had to display at least 30% bone loss radiographically. Following the establishment of local anaesthesia, grooves were cut on the proximal root surface adjacent to the gingival margin at the line angles. For each tooth, 1 proximal root surface was rubbed with the micro-brush for 2 min to the depth of the pocket whilst the other root surface acted as an undebrided control. The teeth were then extracted, rinsed in 0.85% NaCl, stained with 2% erythrosine solution and photographed. The amount of erythrosine staining on each subgingival, periodontally involved root surface was assessed by tracing the areas of stain on a colour photograph and scanning the tracings into a computerised image tracing program. Results: Results were expressed as the % of the periodontally involved root-surface area that exhibited staining. Stained areas were further examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The undebrided root surfaces each displayed 100% staining. The debrided surfaces (with probing pocket depths of 4,10 mm) displayed mean staining of 16.1% (SD ±7.1%) of the proximal surface area. SEM assessment showed that undebrided root surfaces were covered with thick deposits of bacteria. On debrided surfaces, stain-free areas were free of plaque whilst areas of faint staining exhibited either no plaque, calculus deposits or scanty, isolated islands of bacteria. Bacteria had been partially removed from the surface of calculus in some areas. Conclusions: The findings indicate that subgingival debridement with a micro-brush is effective in removing plaque deposits from periodontally involved root surfaces. Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Gebrauch eines Mikrobürstchens zur subgingivalen Entfernung von Plaqueablagerungen an parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberflächen in vivo zu bewerten. An 26 erwachsenen Patienten wurden 30 parodontal befallene Zähne verwendet, die aus parodontalen oder prothetischen Gründen extrahiert werden sollten. Um in die Studie eingeschlossen zu werden mussten die Zähne mindestens 30% röntgenologischen Knochenabbau aufweisen. Nach Durchführung der Lokalanästhesie wurden an den Kanten der Approximalfläche neben dem Gingivarand Rillen angebracht. An jedem Zahn wurde eine Approximalfläche für 2 Minuten bis in die Tiefe der Tasche mit dem Mikrobürstchen abgerieben, während die andre Wurzeloberfläche als unbearbeitete Kontrolle fungierte. Die Zähne wurden anschließend extrahiert, mit 0.85% NaCl gespült, mit 2% Erythrosinlösung gefärbt und photographiert. Die Fläche jeder subgingivalen Erythrosinfärbung der parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberfläche wurde bewertet, indem die Flächen mit Färbung auf einer Farbphotographie mit einem computerisierten Bildauswertungsprogramm gescannt wurden. Die Ergebnisse wurden als Prozentsatz der parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberfläche, die eine Färbung aufwies, dargestellt. Des weiteren wurden die gefärbten Bereiche mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop (SEM) untersucht. Die unbearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen zeigten jeweils eine 100%ige Färbung. Die bearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen (mit klinischer Sondierungstiefe von 4,10 mm) zeigten einen durchschnittlichen Anteil der Färbung von 16.1% (SD±7.1%) der Approximalfläche. Die SEM-Untersuchung zeigte, dass die unbearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen mit dicken bakteriellen Ablagerungen bedeckt waren. Auf den bearbeiteten Oberflächen waren die Flächen ohne Färbung auch frei von Plaque, während die Flächen mit schwacher Färbung entweder keine Plaque, Zahnsteinablagerung oder vereinzelte, isolierte Inseln mit Bakterien zeigten. In einigen Bereichen wurden die Bakterien teilweise von den Zahnsteinoberflächen entfernt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das subgingivale Debridement mit einem Mikrobürstchen, bei der Entfernung der Plaqueablagerungen auf parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberflächen, effektiv ist. Résumé Le but de cette étude a été d'évaluer in vivo l'utilisation d'une micro-brosse lors d'enlèvement de dépôts de plaque dentaire sous-gingivaux au niveau de surfaces radiculaires avec parodontite. 30 dents avec problèmes parodontaux requérant l'avulsion pour des raisons parodontales ou prothétiques chez 26 adultes ont été utilisées. Les critères d'inclusion étaient que les dents devaient avoir au moins 30% de perte osseuse jugée radiographiquement. A la suite de l'anesthésie, des marques ont été placées sur la surface radiculaire interproximale adjacente à la gencive marginale dans l'angle de la dent. Pour chaque dent, une surface radiculaire proximale a été nettoyée avec cette micro-brosse pendant deux minutes à la profondeur de la poche tandis que l'autre surface radiculaire servait de contrôle non-nettoyé. Ces dents ont ensuite été avulsées, rincées avec du NaCl 0.85%, colorées avec une solution d'érythrosine 2% et photographiées. La quantité de coloration sur chaque surface radiculaire sous-gingivale avec parodontite a été analysée en traçant les zones de coloration sur une photographie couleur et en effectuant un balayage des tracés par ordinateur. Les résultats ont été exprimés en pourcentage de surface radiculaire avec parodontite ayant une coloration. Les zones colorées ont ensuite été examinées à l'aide du MEB. Les surfaces radiculaires non-traitées avaient 100% de coloration. Les surfaces nettoyées qui avaint une profondeur de poche de 4 à 10 mm avaient une coloration moyenne de 16±7% de l'aire de surface interproximale. L'analyse au MEB a montré que les surfaces radiculaires non-nettoyées étaient recouvertes de dépôts épais de bactéries. Sur les surfaces nettoyées des zones libres de coloration se retrouvaient sans plaque dentaire tandis que les zones avec une faible coloration montraient de la plaque dentaire, des dépôts de tartre ou des petits îlots de bactéries. Celles-ci avaient été enlevées partiellement de la surface du tartre à certains endroits. Un nettoyage sous-gingival avec cette micro-brosse s'avère donc efficace à enlever les dépôts de plaque dentaire des surfaces radiculaires avec parodontite. [source] Randomization of Amyloid-,-Peptide(1-42) Conformation by Sulfonated and Sulfated Nanoparticles Reduces Aggregation and CytotoxicityMACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE, Issue 10 2010Ana M. Saraiva Abstract The amyloid-, peptide (A,) plays a central role in the mechanism of Alzheimer's disease, being the main constituent of the plaque deposits found in AD brains. A, amyloid formation and deposition are due to a conformational switching to a ,-enriched secondary structure. Our strategy to inhibit A, aggregation involves the re-conversion of A, conformation by adsorption to nanoparticles. NPs were synthesized by sulfonation and sulfation of polystyrene, leading to microgels and latexes. Both polymeric nanostructures affect the conformation of A, inducing an unordered state. Oligomerization was delayed and cytotoxicity reduced. The proper balance between hydrophilic moieties and hydrophobic chains seems to be an essential feature of effective NPs. [source] Periodontal diseases: current and future indications for local antimicrobial therapyORAL DISEASES, Issue 2003L Trombelli The microbial etiology of gingivitis and periodontitis provides the rationale for use of adjunctive antimicrobial agents in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Although mechanical removal of supra- and subgingival calcified and non-calcified plaque deposits has been proved effective to control the gingival inflammatory lesions as well as to halt the progression of periodontal attachment loss, some patients may experience additional benefits from the use of systemic or topical antimicrobial agents. Such agents are able to significantly affect supra- and subgingival plaque accumulation and/or suppress or eradicate periodontal pathogenic microflora. Currently, properly selected local antiseptic and systemic antibiotic therapies can provide periodontal treatment that is generally effective, low-risk and affordable. This paper will briefly review the host-related conditions in which the periodontal preventive and therapeutic approaches may be effectively assisted by a local antimicrobial regimen. Potential future indications for adjunctive local antimicrobial therapy will also be discussed. [source] Non-surgical management of periodontal diseaseAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2009I Darby Abstract Non-surgical removal of plaque and calculus has been part of the initial phase of the management of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis for decades. It consists of patient motivation and oral hygiene instruction as well as mechanical removal of supra and subgingival plaque deposits. The purpose of this review was to assess recent changes. The article reports on changes in our understanding of plaque as a biofilm, developments in patient plaque control, chemical plaque control and scaling instruments. It also comments on full-mouth disinfection, the use of lasers and host modulation. Modern technology has made removal of microbial deposits by the patient and dental professionals more efficient. However, other advancements need to be used in conjunction with mechanical debridement at this time. [source] Dental neglect and dental health among 26-year-olds in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development StudyCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2000W. Murray Thomson Abstract ,Objectives: To test a modification of a previously-reported six-item dental neglect scale and examine its association with dental health and service-use among young adults. Methods: Of the 980 26-year-old participants in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, 973 completed the scale and 930 underwent dental examination. Sociodemographic and dental service-use data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Results: Factor analysis showed that five of the original six items loaded on the scale, and responses to those items were summed to give a dental neglect scale score for each participant. Scale scores were normally distributed (mean=13.0; SD=3.6; range 5 to 25), and a median split created higher and lower dental neglect groups. A higher proportion of the higher neglect group group: (i) were male; (ii) rated their dental health and dental appearance as below average; (iii) brushed their teeth infrequently; (iv) had extensive plaque deposits; (v) used dental services only when they had a problem; (vi) had not recently seen a dentist; (vii) had lost at least one permanent tooth because of caries, and (viii) had a greater number of decayed tooth surfaces. Conclusions: Although further examination of its validity and reliability is indicated, the dental neglect scale appears to hold promise for use in dental health promotion, not only in highlighting population groups or individuals who would benefit from intensive health promotion efforts, but also in the evaluation of health promotion interventions. [source] | ||||||||||