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Assessment Question (assessment + question)
Kinds of Assessment Question Selected AbstractsEfficacy and safety of on-demand tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in South-East Asian menINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 6 2006YING LU GUO Aim:, Tadalafil is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). The efficacy and safety of tadalafil have been evaluated extensively in Western populations. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of on-demand tadalafil for the treatment of ED in South-East Asian men. Methods:, This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of men with mild to severe ED of various etiologies randomized to receive placebo (n = 122), tadalafil 10 mg (n = 120), or tadalafil 20 mg (n = 125), taken as needed (maximum once daily) for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diary, and a Global Assessment Question (GAQ). Results:, Men from China, Singapore, and the Philippines participated in this trial (n = 367). Compared with placebo, tadalafil significantly improved erectile dysfunction on all efficacy outcomes (P < 0.001). Patients receiving tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg experienced a significant mean improvement of 8.1 and 8.7, respectively, in the IIEF Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) domain score from baseline (vs placebo 2.4, P < 0.001). In patients receiving tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg, the mean per-patient success rate for intercourse attempts (SEP3) was 62% and 70%, respectively, compared with 32% for the placebo group (P < 0.001). Of patients who received tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg, 81% and 86% reported improved erections at endpoint (GAQ) compared with 44% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The most common adverse events reported by patients were headache, back pain, dyspepsia, and dizziness. Conclusions:, Tadalafil was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for South-East Asian men with ED. [source] Efficacy and Safety of On-Demand Oral Tadalafil in the Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction in Taiwan: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Clinical StudyTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2004Kuang-Kuo Chen MD Conflict of Interest. Timothy M. Costigan and Jeffrey T. Emmick are employees of Eli Lilly, Indianapolis. ABSTRACT Introduction., Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Past clinical trials have assessed its efficacy and safety in western populations. Tadalafil has not been investigated in a large clinical trial with a South-east Asian population. Aim., To assess the efficacy and safety of on-demand tadalafil for the treatment of ED in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Taiwan. Methods., Men with mild to severe ED of various etiologies were randomized to receive placebo, tadalafil 10 mg, or tadalafil 20 mg, taken as needed (maximum once daily). Efficacy assessments included the International Index of Erectile Function, the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diary, and a Global Assessment Question (GAQ). Results., Tadalafil significantly improved erectile function compared with placebo (P < 0.005, all measures). At endpoint, the patients receiving tadalafil reported a greater mean per-patient percentage of successful intercourse attempts (SEP question 3: 70.0%, 10 mg; 78.0%, 20 mg) than placebo-treated patients (42.8%) and a greater proportion of improved erections (GAQ: 92.3% and 84.6% vs. 54.5%). Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate. The most common adverse events were back pain, dyspepsia, and myalgia. Conclusions., Tadalafil was an effective, well-tolerated therapy for men in Taiwan with ED of broad-spectrum severity and etiology. [source] Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in treating erectile dysfunction in patients with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled studyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009Mohammad Reza Safarinejad OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PATIENTS AND METHODS In all, 266 combat-exposed war veterans with ED (aged 37,59 years) were recruited. They met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for PTSD according to the Structured Clinical Interview for Patients, Investigator Version. The patients were also evaluated with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, both to establish the diagnosis of PTSD and to measure symptom severity. Only patients with psychogenic ED were included in the study. Patients with comorbid conditions (diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, Peyronie's disease) and smokers of more than five cigarettes daily were excluded. The patients were randomly divided into a group of 133 who received 100 mg of on-demand sildenafil 0.75,2 h before sexual stimulation, and 133 who received placebo. Patients were asked to use ,16 doses or attempts at home. The efficacy of the treatments was assessed every four attempts during treatment, and at the end of the study, using responses to the 15-question International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Sexual Encounter Profile diary questions 2 and 3, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaire, patients' event logs of sexual activity, and a Global Assessment Question about erections. RESULTS Sildenafil did not produce significantly and substantially greater improvement than placebo in each of the primary and secondary outcome measures (P = 0.08). A normal EF domain score (,26) at endpoint was reported by 13 (9.8%), and 11 (8.3%) of patients on the sildenafil and placebo regimens, respectively (P = 0.09). Patients treated with sildenafil had no statistically significantly greater improvement in the five sexual function domains of the IIEF questionnaire than those treated with placebo (P = 0.08). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were significantly greater in the sildenafil arm than in the placebo group (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil is no better than placebo in treating PTSD-emergent ED. Further randomized clinical trials are warranted in combat veterans and other populations with PTSD to better elucidate the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in treating PTSD-emergent ED. [source] An Open-Label, Multicenter, Flexible Dose Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Viagra® (Sildenafil Citrate) in Korean Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Arterial Hypertension who are Taking Antihypertensive AgentsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 10 2008Hyun Jun Park MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common among men taking antihypertensive agents to control blood pressure. Aim., We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in men with ED taking antihypertensive agents. Methods., A total of 198 male subjects, aged 20 years and older were enrolled. This study was conducted for 10 weeks as an open-label, multicenter and flexible dose trial with a 2-week screening period and an 8-week treatment phase. Main Outcome Measures., Subjects were asked to complete Event Log Worksheets, as well as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Global Efficacy Assessment Questions (GEAQ) questionnaires during the study period. Results., The average age among the 167 subjects who completed the study was 55.8 (31.7 to 77.1). The scores for questions 3 and 4 of IIEF improved from 2.3 and 1.8 at baseline to 3.7 and 3.4 at week 4 and 3.8 and 3.4 at week 8, respectively. There were 86.3% of the patients reported improved erectile function at week 8; 88.3% of the patients reported improved ability to achieve sexual intercourse at week 8. There were no significant differences observed in the responses to questions 3 and 4 of IIEF and GEAQ by the number of antihypertensive agents taken. The adverse events were facial flushing (20.1%), headache (11.7%), palpitation (5.0%), rhinitis (2.8%), URI (2.8%), dizziness (2.2%), dyspnea (2.2%), and nausea (1.7%). Conclusions., Sildenafil citrate is an effective treatment for ED; it is safe and well tolerated by patients with ED taking multiple antihypertensive agents for arterial hypertension. Park HJ, Park NC, Shim HB, Park JK, Lee SW, Park K, Kim SW, Moon KH, Lee DH, and Yoon SJ. An open-label, multicenter, flexible dose study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Viagra® (sildenafil citrate) in Korean men with erectile dysfunction and arterial hypertension who are taking antihypertensive agents. J Sex Med 2008;5:2405,2413. [source] Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Tadalafil 5 mg Dosed Once Daily in Men with Erectile DysfunctionTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2008Hartmut Porst MD ABSTRACT Introduction., With once-daily administration of tadalafil, dosing and sexual activity would no longer need to be temporally linked for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim., To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of tadalafil 5 mg dosed once daily for the treatment of ED. Methods., Patients ,18 years of age with ED of any functional severity or etiology received tadalafil 5 mg once daily for 1 (N = 234) or 2 (N = 238) years during the open-label extensions of two previously reported studies. Patients who completed the 1-year open-label extension concluded with a 4-week ED treatment-free period. Baseline was defined as prior to receiving any study drug. Main Outcome Measures., Safety measures included adverse events, electrocardiograms, and clinical laboratory measures. Efficacy measures included the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-Erectile Function (-EF), -Intercourse Satisfaction (-IS), and -Overall Satisfaction (-OS) domain scores, and the Global Assessment Questions (GAQ1: improved erections; GAQ2: improved ability to engage in sexual activity). Results., Overall, 208/234 (88.9%) and 139/238 (58.4%) patients completed the 1- and 2-year open-label extensions, respectively. No study drug-related serious adverse events were observed. Treatment-emergent adverse events observed in ,5% of the patients during the first year of either open-label extension were dyspepsia, headache, back pain, and influenza. No clinically meaningful abnormalities associated with tadalafil were observed for electrocardiograms or clinical laboratory measures. Mean IIEF domain scores improved from baseline to the conclusions of the 1- and 2-year open-label extensions, respectively: -EF, +10.4 and +10.8; -IS, +4.0 and +3.7; and -OS, +3.0 and +3.2. At the conclusion of the 2-year open-label extension, 95.7% and 92.1% of the patients reported positive responses to GAQ1 and GAQ2, respectively. Conclusions., In these long-term, open-label, once-daily dosing studies, tadalafil 5 mg was well tolerated and effective, making it a viable alternative to the current on-demand dosing of tadalafil for men with ED. Porst H, Rajfer J, Casabé A, Feldman R, Ralph D, Vieiralves LF, Esler A, Wolka AM, and Klise SR. Long-term safety and efficacy of tadalafil 5 mg dosed once daily in men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2008;5:2160,2169. [source] Efficacy and Safety of Oral Tadalafil in the Treatment of Men in Canada with Erectile Dysfunction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Clinical TrialTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2005FRCSC, Serge Carrier MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent, often undertreated condition. Aim., This 12-week, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study was conducted at 25 sites in Canada to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, for the treatment of ED. Methods., Men with ED of organic, psychogenic, or mixed etiology were stratified by baseline ED severity then randomly assigned to placebo (N = 50), tadalafil 10 mg (N = 103), or tadalafil 20 mg (N = 100), taken as needed (maximum, once daily). Main Outcome Measures., Efficacy was assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), a Sexual Encounter Profile diary, and a global assessment question (GAQ). Results., Tadalafil 10 mg and tadalafil 20 mg significantly improved erectile function compared with placebo (P < 0.001, all measures). At end point, the mean IIEF erectile function (EF) domain scores were 14.5, 21.2, and 23.3 of a possible score of 30 for placebo, tadalafil 10 mg, and tadalafil 20 mg, respectively. Patients treated with tadalafil reported greater change from baseline on the IIEF EF domain score compared with placebo, regardless of baseline ED severity. During treatment, the mean per-patient proportion of successful intercourse attempts was higher for tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg than for placebo (placebo, 31.9%; tadalafil 10 mg, 56.7%; and tadalafil 20 mg, 61.5%), and a greater proportion of patients reported improved erections with tadalafil (GAQ; placebo, 22.0%; tadalafil 10 mg, 67.0%; tadalafil 20 mg, 79.0%). Fifty percent and 62% of patients treated with tadalafil 10 mg and 20 mg, respectively, achieved successful sexual intercourse after their first dose, compared with 31% with placebo. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild or moderate. Conclusion., Tadalafil was an effective, well-tolerated therapy for ED of broad-spectrum etiology and severity. Carrier S, Brock GB, Pommerville PJ, Shin J, Anglin G, Whitaker S, and Beasley CM Jr. Efficacy and safety of oral tadalafil in the treatment of men in Canada with erectile dysfunction: A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Sex Med 2005;2:685,698. [source] A clinical teaching guide for psychiatric mental health nursing: a qualitative outcome analysis projectJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2002S. Melrose phdrn Limited curriculum enhancement resources are available to psychiatric nurse educators. This article provides a clinical teaching guide for novice instructors teaching an introductory psychiatric nursing course. The investigation is grounded in a constructivist theoretical framework and extends a previous case study project that explored how students learn during a mental health practicum (Melrose 1998, Melrose & Shapiro 1999). The guide was tested and modified by applying a qualitative outcome analysis methodology. Insight into interpreting student behaviour and providing appropriate and stage-specific teaching tools is revealed. Theoretical components, assessment questions for teachers, student behavioural signs and teaching strategies are identified and discussed to describe significant features in creating personally meaningful learning experiences. [source] A primer on classical test theory and item response theory for assessments in medical educationMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 1 2010André F De Champlain Context, A test score is a number which purportedly reflects a candidate's proficiency in some clearly defined knowledge or skill domain. A test theory model is necessary to help us better understand the relationship that exists between the observed (or actual) score on an examination and the underlying proficiency in the domain, which is generally unobserved. Common test theory models include classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). The widespread use of IRT models over the past several decades attests to their importance in the development and analysis of assessments in medical education. Item response theory models are used for a host of purposes, including item analysis, test form assembly and equating. Although helpful in many circumstances, IRT models make fairly strong assumptions and are mathematically much more complex than CTT models. Consequently, there are instances in which it might be more appropriate to use CTT, especially when common assumptions of IRT cannot be readily met, or in more local settings, such as those that may characterise many medical school examinations. Objectives, The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of both CTT and IRT to the practitioner involved in the development and scoring of medical education assessments. Methods, The tenets of CCT and IRT are initially described. Then, main uses of both models in test development and psychometric activities are illustrated via several practical examples. Finally, general recommendations pertaining to the use of each model in practice are outlined. Discussion, Classical test theory and IRT are widely used to address measurement-related issues that arise from commonly used assessments in medical education, including multiple-choice examinations, objective structured clinical examinations, ward ratings and workplace evaluations. The present paper provides an introduction to these models and how they can be applied to answer common assessment questions. Medical Education 2010: 44: 109,117 [source] Enhancing institutional assessment efforts through qualitative methodsNEW DIRECTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 136 2007Nancy Van Note Chism Qualitative methods can do much to describe context and illuminate the "why" behind patterns encountered in institutional assessment. Alone, or in combination with quantitative methods, they should be the approach of choice for many of the most important assessment questions. [source] | ||||||||||