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Pilot Intervention (pilot + intervention)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

A Culturally Appropriate School Wellness Initiative: Results of a 2-Year Pilot Intervention in 2 Jewish Schools

JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 8 2010
Maureen R. Benjamins PhD
BACKGROUND: Despite the growing number of school-based interventions designed to reduce childhood obesity or otherwise promote health, no models or materials were found for Jewish schools. The current study describes an effort within a Jewish school system in Chicago to create, implement, and evaluate a school-based intervention tailored to the unique characteristics of Jewish religion, culture, and school structures. METHODS: Two schools (with approximately 600 students) were selected for the 2-year pilot study. The schools were required to form a wellness council, write a wellness policy, and implement policy changes or activities in 5 target areas (health education, physical education, school environment, family involvement, and staff wellness). Objectives were measured using pre- and postintervention surveys for students, as well as the School Health Index and other tools. RESULTS: Findings showed several significant increases in student knowledge, as well as an increase in the percentage of older students regularly meeting physical activity guidelines. Few changes in attitudes, other behaviors, or environmental factors were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Due to a strong partnership between researchers, schools, and community organizations, meaningful changes were made within the pilot schools. These changes were reflected in a limited number of improvements in student knowledge and activity levels. Future work is needed to determine how to bring about behavioral changes, how to increase the sustainability of all of the changes, and how to disseminate the model and products of this intervention to other day schools. [source]

Pilot intervention to enhance sexual rehabilitation for couples after treatment for localized prostate carcinoma,

CANCER, Issue 12 2005
Andrea L. Canada Ph.D.
Abstract BACKGROUND The majority of prostate carcinoma survivors experience enduring sexual difficulties and associated distress in the years after definitive treatment. A counseling intervention aimed at improving levels of sexual satisfaction and increasing successful utilization of medical treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) was developed and pilot-tested for both the survivor of prostate carcinoma and his partner. METHODS All male participants were 3-month to 5-year survivors of localized prostate carcinoma who had been treated with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy, and were married or in a committed relationship. Couples were randomized to attend four sessions of counseling together or to have the man attend alone. In both groups, partners completed behavioral homework. The sessions included education on prostate carcinoma and sexual function and options to treat ED as well as sexual communication and stimulation skills. Standardized questionnaires at baseline, posttreatment, and at 3-month and 6-month follow-up assessed sexual function, marital adjustment, psychologic distress, and utilization of treatments for ED. RESULTS Fifty-one of 84 couples randomized to treatment completed the intervention (61%). Attendance by the partner did not affect outcomes. Participants completing the intervention demonstrated improvment in male overall distress (P < 0.01), male global sexual function (P < 0.0001), and female global sexual function (P < 0.05) at 3-month follow-up, but regression toward baseline was noted at 6-month follow-up. However, utilization of ED treatments increased from 31% at the time of study entry to 49% at the 6-month follow-up (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The results of this brief pilot counseling intervention demonstrated significant gains in sexual function and satisfaction and increased utilization of treatments for ED. However, modifications are needed in future randomized trials to reduce the rate of premature termination and to improve long-term maintenance of gains. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source]

A socioemotional intervention in a Latin American orphanage,

INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 5 2010
Robert B. McCall
A pilot intervention that emphasized training and technical assistance to promote warm, sensitive, and responsive one-on-one caregiver,child interactions primarily during feeding and bathing/changing was implemented using regular staff in a depressed orphanage for children birth to approximately 8 years of age in Latin America. Despite a variety of unanticipated irregularities in the implementation of the intervention, many beyond the researchers' control, ward environments improved; caregivers displayed more warm, sensitive, and responsive interactions with children; and children improved an average of 13.5 developmental quotient (DQ) points after 4+ months' exposure to the completed intervention. Furthermore, 82% of the children had DQs greater than 70 before the intervention, but only 27.8% did so afterward. Although the training for all caregivers was aimed at children birth to 3 years, the number of different caregivers was reduced, and technical assistance was provided only to caregivers serving children less than 3 years, younger and older children (3,8 years) improved approximately the same amount. However, children who were transitioned from a younger to an older ward during the intervention improved less than did children who remained in either a younger or an older ward, the first evidence suggesting that the common orphanage practice of periodically graduating children from one homogeneous age group to another may impede their development. The study is consistent with others that have shown that orphanages can be changed, and increases primarily in warm, sensitive, responsive caregiver,child interactions can produce improvements in children's development. Se implementó una intervención experimental piloto que enfatizaba entrenamiento y asistencia técnica con el fin de promover interacciones de uno a uno cálidas, sensibles y receptivas entre el niño y quien le presta el cuidado, usando el personal de servicio regular en un deprimente orfanato para niños recién nacidos hasta aproximadamente los 8 años de edad en América Latina. A pesar de la variedad de irregularidades no anticipadas en cuanto a la implementación de la intervención, muchas de ellas fuera del control de los investigadores, el ambiente de los pabellones mejoró; quienes prestaban el cuidado mostraron interacciones más cálidas, sensibles y receptivas con los niños; y los niños mejoraron hasta llegar a un promedio de 13.5 puntos en el cociente de desarrollo después de más de 4 meses de estar expuestos a la intervención completa. Es más, 82% de los niños tenía un cociente de desarrollo de menos de 70 antes de la intervención, pero solamente 27.8% tuvo ese resultado después de la misma. Aunque el entrenamiento para quienes prestaban el cuidado fue dirigido a niños recién nacidos hasta los 3 años de edad, y el número de diferentes prestadores de cuidado se redujo de tal manera que la asistencia técnica se les dio solamente a quienes cuidaban niños de menos de 3 años, tanto los niños más pequeños como los mayores (3-8 años) mejoraron aproximadamente la misma cantidad. Sin embargo, los niños que hicieron la transición de un pabellón para niños pequeños a uno para niños mayores durante la intervención mejoraron menos que los niños que permanecieron en el pabellón para niños pequeños o en el pabellón para niños mayores, lo cual representa la primera evidencia que sugiere que la práctica común en los orfanatos de periódicamente graduar niños de un grupo de edad homogénea y pasarlo a otro grupo pudiera impedir el desarrollo de los niños. El estudio es consistente con otros que muestran que los orfanatos pueden ser cambiados y que los incrementos primariamente en las interacciones cálidas, sensibles y receptivas entre el niño y quien le cuida pueden producir mejoras en el desarrollo de los niños. Une intervention pilote ayant mis l'accent sur la formation et l'assistance technique afin de promouvoir des interactions mode de soin-enfant personnalisées chaleureuses, sensibles et réceptives durant les repas et la bain/change ont été mises en place en utilisant un groupe d'employés habituels dans un orphelinat pauvre pour des enfants de la naissance à approximativement 8 ans en Amérique Latine. En dépit d'une variété d'irrégularités non anticipées durant la mise en application de l'intervention, beaucoup d'entre elles n'ayant pas pu être contrôlées par les chercheurs, les services de l'orphelinats ont progressé; les modes de soin ont fait preuve de plus d'interactions chaleureuses, sensibles et réceptives avec les enfants; et les enfants ont progressé d'une moyenne de 13,5 DQ points après quatre mois d'exposition et ce jusqu'à la fin de l'intervention. De plus, 82% des enfants avait des DQ inférieurs à 70 avant l'intervention, mais c'était seulement le cas de 27,8% d'entre eux après. Bien que la formation de tous les modes de soin avait eu pour but les enfants de la naissance à l'âge de trois ans, et bien que le nombre de modes de soin différents ait été réduit, et que l'assistance technique n'ait été donnée qu'aux modes de soin s'occupant des enfants de moins de trois ans, les enfants les plus jeunes et les enfants les plus vieux (3-8 ans) ont progressé à peu près de la même manière. Cependant, les enfants ayant transitionné d'un service pour les plus jeunes vers un service pour les âgés durant l'intervention ont moins progressé que les enfants étant restés soit dans un service pour les plus jeunes soit dans un service pour les plus âgés, les premières preuves suggérant que cette pratique commune dans un orphelinat de faire passer périodiquement les enfants d'une groupe d'âge homogène à un autre freine peut-être le développement. Cette étude s'accorde avec d'autres études qui montrent que les orphelinats peuvent être changés et que les augmentations avant tout dans les interactions mode de soin-enfant chaleureuses, sensibles et réceptives peuvent produire des améliorations dans le développement de l'enfant. Ein Pilot-Projekt mit Interventionscharakter und dem Ziel, durch Ausbildung und technische Unterstützung eine warme, sensible und angemessene eins-zu-eins Betreuer-Kind Interaktionen v. a. beim Füttern und Baden bzw. An- und Ausziehen zu ermöglichen, wurde innerhalb eines Waisenhauses für depressive Kindern im Alterspektrum Geburt bis ca. 8 Jahre in Lateinamerika umgesetzt. Trotz einer Vielzahl von unerwarteten Herausforderungen bei der Durchführung der Intervention, die von den Forschern nicht kontrolliert werden konnten, verbesserten sich Umweltfaktoren: Die Bezugspersonen zeigten wärmere, sensiblere und mehr angemessene Interaktionen mit den Kindern; die Kindern verbessert ihre DQ um durchschnittlich 13,5 Punkten, nachdem sie 4 oder mehr Monate an der Intervention teilnahmen. Außerdem hatte 82% der Kinder eine DQ <70 vor der Intervention, aber nur mehr 27,8% danach. Obwohl die Ausbildung für alle Pflegepersonen die mit Kindern im Alterbereich Geburt bis 3 Jahren ausgerichtet war und die Anzahl der verschiedenen Bezugspersonen reduziert wurde und technische Unterstützung nur für Pflegepersonen des o. g. Altersbereichs angeboten wurde, profitierten sowohl jüngere (0-3 Jahre) als auch ältere Kinder (3-8 Jahre) im gleichen Maße von der Intervention. Allerdings verbesserten sich die Kinder weniger, die von einer Station für jüngere Kinder auf eine Station für ältere Kinder während der Intervention wechselten. Dies weißt darauf hin, dass die gängige Praxis der altershomogenen Altersgruppen in Waisenhäusern möglicherweise deren Entwicklung behindert. Die Studie steht im Einklang mit anderen Untersuchungen, die auch aufzeigen, dass das Milieu in Waisenhäusern geändert werden kann und warme, sensible und angemessene Bezugsperson-Kind-Interaktionen zur Verbesserungen der Entwicklung von Kindern beitragen. [source]

The Chances for Children Teen Parent,Infant Project: Results of a pilot intervention for teen mothers and their infants in inner city high schools,

INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2008
Hillary A. Mayers
Adolescent motherhood poses serious challenges to mothers, to infants, and ultimately to society, particularly if the teen mother is part of a minority population living in an urban environment. This study examines the effects of a treatment intervention targeting low-income, high-risk teen mothers and their infants in the context of public high schools where daycare is available onsite. Our findings confirm the initial hypothesis that mothers who received intervention would improve their interactions with their infants in the areas of responsiveness, affective availability, and directiveness. In addition, infants in the treatment group were found to increase their interest in mother, respond more positively to physical contact, and improve their general emotional tone, which the comparison infants did not. Importantly, these findings remain even within the subset of mothers who scored above the clinical cutoff for depression on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D; L. Radloff, 1977), confirming that it is possible to improve mother,infant interaction without altering the mother's underlying depression. The implications of these findings are significant both because it is more difficult and requires more time to alter maternal depression than maternal behavior and because maternal depression has been found to have such devastating effects on infants. [source]

Activating Seniors to Improve Chronic Disease Care: Results from a Pilot Intervention Study

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 8 2010
Dominick L. Frosch PhD
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of an activation intervention delivered in community senior centers to improve health outcomes for chronic diseases that disproportionately affect older adults. DESIGN: Two-group quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Two Los Angeles community senior centers. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixteen senior participants. INTERVENTION: Participants were invited to attend group screenings of video programs intended to inform about and motivate self-management of chronic conditions common in seniors. Moderated discussions reinforcing active patient participation in chronic disease management followed screenings. Screenings were scheduled over the course of 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: One center was assigned by coin toss to an encouragement condition in which participants received a $50 gift card if they attended at least three group screenings. Participants in the nonencouraged center received no incentive for attendance. Validated study measures for patient activation, physical activity, and health-related quality of life were completed at baseline and 12 weeks and 6 months after enrollment. RESULTS: Participants attending the encouraged senior center were more likely to attend three or more group screenings (77.8% vs 47.2%, P=.001). At 6-month follow-up, participants from either center who attended three or more group screenings (n=74, 64%) reported significantly greater activation (P<.001), more minutes walking (P<.001) and engaging in vigorous physical activity (P=.006), and better health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-Form Survey (SF-12) mental component summary, P<.001; SF-12 physical component summary, P=.002). CONCLUSION: Delivering this pilot intervention in community senior centers is a potentially promising approach to activating seniors that warrants further investigation for improving chronic disease outcomes. [source]