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Pharyngeal Mucosa (pharyngeal + mucosa)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Magnetic resonance imaging features of an extranodal T cell rich B cell lymphoma in the pharyngeal mucosa in a horse

EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION, Issue 6 2008
V. Jakesova
Summary An 11-year-old Warmblood gelding was presented for inspiratory stridor and dysphagia. Based on history and clinical examination, a solitary mass localised in the oropharynx was suspected. Due to its inaccessibility and defensive behaviour of the horse, it was difficult to visualise this mass either by upper airway endoscopy or by oral examination and the conventional imaging methods (radiology and ultrasound) provided only limited information. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of lymphoma, but the exact localisation and the extent of tissue infiltration of the tumour could only be defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has proved to be a very useful diagnostic tool in equine lameness investigation and, as this case illustrates, it has considerable diagnostic potential for soft tissue examination of the equine head. [source]

Neurochemical regulation of swallowing reflex in guinea pigs

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1-2 2001
Yu X Jia
Background: Most peripheral afferent fibers involved in swallowing travel through the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and terminate in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and nodose ganglion (NG). Sensory neurons within the NTS and NG contain several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin and dopamine. The roles of these four neurotransmitters were investigated. Methods: The effects of atropine (muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist); pyrilamine maleate (PM, histamine H1 receptor antagonist); cimetidine (histamine H2 receptor antagonist); 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n -propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist); and selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist (Sch-23390) on the number of swallows elicited by distilled water in anesthetized guinea pigs were investigated. Results: Atropine (0.2 mg/kg) inhibited swallowing by approximately 70%; PM (30 mg/kg) inhibited swallowing by approximately 60%; cimetidine (30 mg/kg) inhibited swallowing by approximately 52.9% and Sch-23390 (chronic treatment) inhibited swallowing by approximately 40%. In contrast, 8-OH-DPAT did not alter the number of swallows. Chronic pretreatment of Sch-23390 markedly decreased the substance P (SP) content in the pharyngeal mucosa and the esophagus. Conclusion: These findings indicate that acetylcholine, histamine and dopamine are involved in the regulation of the swallowing reflex, whereas it is unlikely that serotonin is involved. [source]

A case of mucosal leishmaniasis: beneficial usage of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2001
Hironori Onuma MD
A 36-year-old woman, who had emigrated from Japan to Paraguay as a 4-year-old child before returning to Japan in 1991, visited our clinic on November 10, 1997. She had suffered from a persistent ulcer on her forearm as a 6-year-old child and received intravenous injections for a few months, although she did not remember the details of therapy. Since May 1997, she had been aware of redness and swelling on her nose and had been treated with topical corticosteroid, but no improvement had been noted. Physical examination revealed erythematous plaque with crust from the left internal naris to nasolabial region (Fig. 1a). The atrophic plaque that had resulted from prolonged ulceration was found on the right forearm (Fig. 1b). In a biopsy specimen from the erythematous plaque on the nasolabial region, mononuclear dermal infiltrate, consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes, was seen (Fig. 2a). The histiocytes were filled with Leishman-Donovan (L-D) bodies on a Giemsa staining sample (Fig. 2b). Fiberscopic examination revealed white plaque in the pharynx. The biopsy from the affected mucosa showed the same histopathological finding as with the skin. Figure 1. (a) Erythematous plaque with crust from the left internal naris to nasolabial region. (b) Atrophic plaque on the right forearm Figure 2. (a) In the biopsy specimen from the erythematous plaque on the nasolabial region, a mononuclear dermal infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and histiocytes was seen. (Hematoxylin-Eosin stain, × 100) (b) The histiocytes were filled with Leishman-Donovan bodies. (Giemsa staining, × 400) Total DNA was purified from the skin biopsy specimen for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using a specific primer for L (V) braziliensis.1,2 A 70-bp product was amplified (Fig. 3a); furthermore, the specificity of the PCR product was confirmed by Southern hybridization with the probe for L (V) braziliensis (Fig. 3b) and DNA sequence analysis (data not shown). From December 2, 1997, the patient received 20 mg/kg/day sodium stibogluconate (PentostamTM) intravenously for 20 days. After 5 days of treatment, the redness and swelling of the skin lesion was improved, and faint erythema remained at the end of 20 days' treatment. After a 2-week interval, since the erythema remained, another 20-day treatment was performed. All of the skin lesion became scar tissue and L-D bodies could not be found in a skin biopsy specimen. However, L-D bodies were still found in a biopsy from the pharyngeal mucosa that had a normal appearance. Though another additional treatment was planned, the patient refused it. Figure 3. (a) The results of PCR. 70-bps bands appear in lanes 2 and 6. Lane 1, a size marker (pUC19/HapII); lane 2, DNA extracted from the formalin-fixed patient's sample; lane 3, DNA extracted from a formalin-fixed control sample; lane 4, DNA (,); lane 5, DNA extracted from L (V) tropica; lane 6, DNA extracted from L (V) braziliensis. (b) Results of Southern blotting using the PCR products. The PCR products were transferred from agarose gel as shown in Fig. 3 (a). Specific probes were hybridized with 70-bps bands on lanes 2 and 6 [source]

Oral mucosal diseases: the inflammatory dermatoses

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2010
M Schifter
Abstract The oral inflammatory dermatoses is a term used to describe a number of predominantly immune-mediated disorders: lichen planus (LP), erythema multiforme (EM), the vesiculobullous diseases pemphigoid (MMP), pemphigus (PV) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). These conditions are characterized by frequent involvement of the oral mucosa and often associated with extraoral manifestations, particularly of the skin, but can involve the eyes, both the conjunctiva and sclera, the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa, as well as the genitals. Given their frequent, and sometimes initial involvement of the oral mucosa, oral health professionals need to be both familiar with the clinical features and presentations of these conditions, and appreciate their critical role in management. This paper reviews the clinical features and presentation of the oral dermatoses, provides guidance as to the appropriate investigations needed to differentiate and correctly diagnose these conditions, details the aetio-pathology of these diseases and discusses their management. [source]