Personal Qualities (personal + quality)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Dimensions of Mothers' and Fathers' Differential Treatment of Siblings: Links With Adolescents' Sex-Typed Personal Qualities,

FAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 1 2003
Corinna Jenkins Tucker
We explored mothers' and fathers' differential treatment (PDT) of their adolescent offspring in five domains (privileges, chores, affection, discipline, and temporal involvement) and examined how siblings' personal qualities were associated with PDT. Participants were 188 families with first- and secondborn adolescents. Equal treatment was the modal parental style except for privileges and discipline. Even where equal treatment was normative a substantial proportion of parents reported differential treatment. Further, the similarity of the nature of parents' differential treatment varied by domain. Sex was associated with parents' differential temporal involvement. Sex-typed personal qualities were related to parents' differential discipline. Both sex and sex-typed personal characteristics were linked to differential affection. Privileges and chores were associated with age and birth order. [source]


Processes of Sibling Influence in Adolescence: Individual and Family Correlates,

FAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 1 2008
Shawn D. Whiteman
Abstract: This study examined the nature and correlates of adolescents' perceptions of sibling influence. Participants included 2 siblings (firstborn age M= 17.34; second-born age M= 14.76 years) from 191 maritally intact families. Adolescents' perceptions of sibling influence were measured via coded responses to open-ended questions about whether their sibling had an influence on them. Analyses revealed that older and younger siblings reported different patterns of influence. Differentiation influence and being a role model were more prevalent for firstborns, whereas modeling and modeling plus differentiation were more prevalent for second-borns. First- and second-borns' reports of influence were linked differentially to their relational and personal qualities. Discussion focuses on the need to refine the measurement of sibling influence processes. [source]


Dimensions of Mothers' and Fathers' Differential Treatment of Siblings: Links With Adolescents' Sex-Typed Personal Qualities,

FAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 1 2003
Corinna Jenkins Tucker
We explored mothers' and fathers' differential treatment (PDT) of their adolescent offspring in five domains (privileges, chores, affection, discipline, and temporal involvement) and examined how siblings' personal qualities were associated with PDT. Participants were 188 families with first- and secondborn adolescents. Equal treatment was the modal parental style except for privileges and discipline. Even where equal treatment was normative a substantial proportion of parents reported differential treatment. Further, the similarity of the nature of parents' differential treatment varied by domain. Sex was associated with parents' differential temporal involvement. Sex-typed personal qualities were related to parents' differential discipline. Both sex and sex-typed personal characteristics were linked to differential affection. Privileges and chores were associated with age and birth order. [source]


Development Imperative, Terrae Incognitae: a Pioneer Soil Scientist 1912,1951

GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010
J.M. POWELL
Abstract James Arthur Prescott was a prominent soil scientist whose career responded to an increasingly complex, recognisably Australian web of interpenetrating spatial scales, served to promote revolutionary global advances in his chosen field, and in the process negotiated the blurred boundaries between ,pure' and ,applied' research. Encounters with this instructive life suggest that, while resolutions of pivotal anxieties might turn on ineluctably personal qualities, they also reflect a dynamic interplay between international, imperial, national and state contexts. Prescott's innovative contributions to soil science, fruits of a tenaciously consolidated career, influenced resource appraisal and environmental management across a prodigious continental expanse. A sustained focus on local and regional development brought him into contact with a wide range of contemporaries, including pioneering geographers, and culminated in his election to a Fellowship of the Royal Society. [source]


Office-seeking politicians, interest groups and split contributions in a campaign finance model

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC THEORY, Issue 4 2007
Shino Takayama
D72; D82; M37 The present paper investigates an extended version of Prat's campaign finance models. In this model, interest groups make contributions to politicians to influence policy decisions. Voters are assumed to judge candidates on two aspects: policy promises and nonpolicy personal qualities referred to as valence. There are two types of voters. Among these, uninformed voters only observe campaign contributions that take the role of a signaling medium. We solve the equilibrium of the game between politicians and interest groups. We then specify conditions under which a separating equilibrium exists and study the effect of split contributions on the welfare of the median voter. [source]


Establishing contact and gaining trust: an exploratory study of care avoidance

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 2 2010
Gert Schout
schout g., de jong g. & zeelen j. (2010) Establishing contact and gaining trust: an exploratory study of care avoidance. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(2), 324,333. Abstract Title.,Establishing contact and gaining trust: an exploratory study of care avoidance. Aim., This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the competencies , especially deep-rooted personal qualities , of care providers who succeed in making contact and gaining trust with clients who are inclined to avoid the care they need. Background., Demands, thresholds and fragmentation of services hinder the accessibility of health care, such that some severe mentally ill people do not receive the treatment they need or avoid healthcare services. Methods of establishing contact and gaining trust in mental health care include practical assistance, realistic expectations, establishing long-term goals, empathy and a client-centred and flexible approach. Method., A public mental healthcare practice in The Netherlands with outstanding performance was studied from 2002,2007 using participant observation, interviews with experienced care providers and interviews with clients with a long history of avoiding care facilities, conflicts and troubled relationships with care providers. Findings., A number of personal qualities are vital for establishing contact and gaining trust with these clients: altruism, a degree of compassion, loyalty, involvement, tenacity, a critical attitude to the mainstream, flexibility, optimism, diplomacy, patience, creativity, and a certain degree of immunity to stress. Conclusion., Care providers who establish contact and win trust employ ,non-judgemental appreciation'. They start from the acceptance of what is and try to connect with the client and their world. These professionals use their initial actions to identify and praise qualities and achievements of clients. This style of work is supported by a set of deep-rooted personal qualities we can summarize as ,empathy'. [source]


Learning How to Learn: A Critique

JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 3-4 2008
CHRISTOPHER WINCH
The claim that ,learning how to learn' is the central ability required for young people to be effective ,lifelong learners' is examined for various plausible interpretations. It is vacuous if taken to mean that we need to acquire a capacity to learn, since we necessarily have this if we are to learn anything. The claim that it is a specific ability is then looked at. Once again, if we acquire an ability to learn we do not need the ability to learn how to learn. After noting the implausibility of any such general ability, the paper goes on to examine the claim that certain specific but transferable abilities might satisfy the description ,learning how to learn'. Various candidates are considered: forming and testing hypotheses and abduction are two promising ones, but each has significant weaknesses. Numeracy and literacy are thought to be more promising, but achievements at the national level leave a lot to be desired, despite the clear advantages for learning of being able to read, write and count. If we needed to learn how to learn before we learned how to read, write and count, it is unlikely that we would get anywhere. Finally, certain non-cognitive dispositions and character traits rather than cognitive attributes are considered and, drawing on the work of Robert Dearden and others, it is suggested that the development of these aretaic (virtue-based) and personal qualities rather than cognitive ones may be most decisive for developing independent learning in a range of subject matters. [source]


The forensic mental health nurse , a literature review

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2006
E. BOWRING-LOSSOCK msc nursing bsc(hons) rmn pgce
Forensic mental health nursing has developed in the UK since the commissioning of Broadmoor Hospital in 1863. Little has been documented about the role until the early 1990s. There is debate over the usefulness of defining the role. It is suggested here that in order to meet the multifaceted, complex needs of the mentally disordered offender (MDO) patient group, the role of forensic mental health nurses (FMHNs) needs to be further developed, and this process is assisted by understanding its current status. This literature review examines the FMHN role in England and Wales. The literature pertinent to issues of task-orientated competence, knowledge and skills required, and desirable personal qualities that the role demands are examined. The latter of these attributes concerned with attitudes, values and morals is likely to be the most difficult to assess. Being able to isolate the composite elements of the role of FMHNs will enable the development of a competency framework, which will ensure quality assurance in contemporary health care for the thousands of FMHNs in practice and many more thousands of MDOs and other patients that the nurse has the potential to affect. [source]


Mental health in patients with systemic sclerosis: a controlled investigation

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
A Mozzetta
Abstract Background Despite the undeniable impact of systemic sclerosis (SS) on quality of life, only a few studies so far have focused on its psychiatric or psychological aspects. We aimed at assessing psychiatric symptoms and self-image in inpatients with SS and comparing them with patients with either a very mild skin condition or a serious skin condition. Methods Three groups were recruited: (i) 38 consecutive female inpatients with SS; (ii) 38 age-matched female outpatients with melanocytic naevi; (iii) 35 age-matched female inpatients with melanoma. All participants completed the Zung Anxiety Scale, the Zung Depression Scale and a self-report questionnaire measuring self-perceived personal qualities. Patients with SS were also clinically interviewed by a psychologist. Results The clinical interview revealed the presence of a psychiatric disorder in most (81%) patients with SS. The Zung scales corroborated the presence of mild to moderate anxiety and depression among patients with SS, who scored significantly higher than patients with either naevi or melanoma on both scales. Scores on the questionnaire assessing self-perceived personal qualities were very similar in the three groups and indicated a fairly high level of self-esteem. Conclusions This study suggested that psychosocial issues are quite relevant in patients with SS and underscored the need for a biopsychosocial approach to the clinical management of these patients. Timely detection of psychosocial difficulties and appropriate psychological or psychiatric intervention may represent important steps toward better adherence to medical treatment and improved psychological well-being and quality of life. [source]


What can clinical teachers learn from Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone?

MEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 12 2002
Jennifer J Conn
Many clinical teachers acquire a working knowledge of the principles of teaching and learning through observation, by adopting positive and rejecting negative examples of clinical instruction. Well selected vignettes of teaching behaviours taken from contemporary film and literature may provide rich substrate by which to engage clinical teachers in discourse about instructional technique. This paper draws on J K Rowling's novel and its companion film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, and critically analyses the teaching styles of the staff at Hogwarts School of Wizardry and Witchcraft in the context of contemporary generic and medical education literature. Specifically, it argues that effective teachers demonstrate not only an in-depth knowledge of their discipline but possess a keen appreciation of the cognitive changes that occur in their students during the learning process. They are, furthermore, proficient in core instructional skills such as small group facilitation, feedback and questioning. Most importantly, effective teachers model appropriate attitudes in their professional setting and possess highly developed personal qualities such as creativity, flexibility and enthusiasm. [source]


The interactive effects of personal traits and guided practices on preservice teachers' changes in personal teaching efficacy

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
Yu-Chu Yeh
Personal teaching efficacy is associated with a teacher's effectiveness in the classroom. To enhance this efficacy in a computer-simulated training program, both personal traits and guided practices need to be considered concurrently. In this study, it was hypothesised that the interactive effects from the coupling of personal traits with guided practices would be a reliable predictor of the degree of improvement in personal teaching efficacy during computer-simulated training. One hundred and seventy-eight preservice teachers completed an interactive teaching experience via the Computer Simulation for Teaching General Critical-thinking Skills in which guided practices were integrated via specially designed teaching sequences and loops. The findings suggest that intrapersonal intelligence, critical-thinking dispositions and a judicial thinking style are related to self-awareness, analytical learning and reflective thinking and that in this study, these personal qualities seemingly interacted with guided practices, which resulted in reflective teaching and mastery experience. This, in turn, may very well have brought about improvement in the preservice teachers' personal teaching efficacy during the computer-simulated teaching. [source]


Individual quality of life in schizophrenic patients , description and applicability of GRIDQoL in a computer-based version

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2001
Vibeke Noerholm
Abstract The measurement of individual quality of life in patients with schizophrenia has been limited to clinician-rated instruments. The repertory grid is a clinician-assisted method to measure individual quality of life that has been found to be more sensitive than questionnaires in a clinical trial with patients with anxiety. In this pilot study the applicability of the GRIDQoL repertory grid method was evaluated in patients with schizophrenia. Free personal constructs were elicited at the first visit using the GRIDQoL technique, a semi-structured interview technique whereby the clinician helps the patient to develop his or her personal quality of life scale. The fixed psychological constructs were based on the PCASEE index. The results showed that the PCASEE index was adequate with respect to the fixed GRIDQoL constructs. The free constructs were illustrated for a selected patient, including the factor scores as outcome measures. In total 73% of the patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were willing and able to test their quality of life. The results of this pilot study support further development of the GRIDQoL module for schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]