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Personal Account (personal + account)
Selected AbstractsCover Picture: Industrial-Scale Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Amines ,A Personal Account (Adv. Synth.ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 1-2 2006Catal. Abstract The cover picture shows a typical vessel for industrial scale-up of chemical reactions, in this case for the synthesis of dialkylphosphinobiphenyl ligands. These ligands are important catalyst components for the amination of aryl halides. For more details, see the Review by Stephen L. Buchwald, Christelle Mauger, Gerard Mignani, and Ulrich Scholz on pages 23,,,39. [source] Exploring Chiral Space en route to DPC 963: A Personal AccountADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 4 2003William Abstract DPC 961 and DPC 963 are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) for the treatment of HIV. These drug candidates contain a chiral quaternary center, which can be installed via addition of lithium cyclopropylacetylide to an N -acylketimine in the presence of a chiral moderator. This account describes our efforts to identify a cost-effective moderator by rapidly preparing, screening, and optimizing libraries of enantiopure ,-amino alcohols. The result is a highly enantioselective process that has been used to produce these NNRTIs on a metric ton scale. [source] Cleaners' Organizing in Britain from the 1970s: A Personal AccountANTIPODE, Issue 3 2006Sheila Rowbotham In the early 1970s the Women's Liberation Movement in Britain set out to unionize night cleaners. A long and intensive campaign resulted in two strikes and a greater awareness in the trade union movement about this neglected group of workers. But though the publicity generated by newspaper articles, meetings, and the making of two documentary films on cleaners focused attention on their conditions, organization proved very difficult. This was compounded by the economic and political climate from the late 1970s and the impact of privatization, which contributed to the growth in inequality in British society. This article outlines a disregarded history of attempts to organize cleaners, a history which is gaining a new-found relevance in the wake of the "Justice for Janitors" campaign in the US and the awareness that low-paid service work plays a key part in the global economy. [source] Fibre types in skeletal muscle: a personal accountACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 4 2010S. Schiaffino Abstract Muscle performance is in part dictated by muscle fibre composition and a precise understanding of the genetic and acquired factors that determine the fibre type profile is important in sport science, but is also relevant to neuromuscular diseases and to metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. The dissection of the signalling pathways that determine or modulate the muscle fibre phenotype has thus potential clinical significance. In this brief review, I examine the evolution of the notion of muscle fibre types, discuss some aspects related to species differences, point at problems in the interpretation of transgenic and knockout models and show how in vivo transfection can be used to identify regulatory factors involved in fibre type diversification, focusing on the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. [source] Drifters and the Dancing Mad: The Public School Music Curriculum and the Fabrication of Boundaries for ParticipationCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 3 2008RUTH GUSTAFSON ABSTRACT Recent reforms in the general music curriculum have, for the most part, failed to lessen the attrition rates of African Americans from public school music programs. In this article I assert that an embodied ideal of cultural nobility, exemplified by Auguste Rodin's famous statue, The Thinker, has unconsciously operated as a template for participation. As a model comportment in the Western musical tradition, The Thinker has a broader relevance insofar as other school subjects emerged from similar cultural ideals. Beginning with the early period of public music instruction up to the present, I examine the construction of racial boundaries by linking a specific body comportment hailed as worthy by the music curriculum to historically constructed notions of Whiteness. This issue has been underexplored in research in both music and general education. For that reason, this article examines overlapping systems of reasoning about music, comportment, class, religion, language, nationality, and race in professional and popular texts from the early 1800s to the present. This positions public music instruction as authored, not by pedagogical insight alone, but through changes in musical taste, social practices, strategies of governing populations, and definitions of worthy citizenship. There are three levels of analysis. The first is a personal account of the early manifestations of attrition of African Americans from school music programs. The second level of analysis brings the problem of equity into proximity with the tradition of genteel comportment that permeated the training of the good ear or listener and the fabrication of the bona fide citizen. These, I argue are congruent with the historical construction of Whiteness as a standard mark of worthiness. At the third level of analysis, I take up present-day curriculum designs. This section discusses how the language of the music curriculum continues to draw boundaries for participation through protocols that regulate musical response. Here, I argue that the exclusion of popular genres such as hip-hop should be rethought in light of the evidence that shifting historical definitions for music fabricated an overly restrictive template for comportment, recognizing the prototype of Whiteness as the sole embodiment of merit. [source] The Global Diversion of Pharmaceutical DrugsADDICTION, Issue 9 2010Opiate treatment, the diversion of pharmaceutical opiates: a clinician's perspective ABSTRACT Aim To provide a clinician's perspective on the problem of diversion of prescribed pharmaceuticals. Methods The paper provides a personal account of working in a treatment context where diversion from opioid substitution treatment (OST) became a political issue potentially compromising the continued delivery of OST. It summarizes evidence on the impact of diversion, and measures to contain it, from the United Kingdom 1986,2006, Australia 1996,2008 and the United States and France from the mid-1990s. Results Opioid diversion to the black market occurs in proportion to the amount of opioids prescribed to be taken without supervision, and in inverse proportion to the availability of heroin. Diversion for OST programmes using supervision of dosing is less than diversion of opioids prescribed for pain, which is now a growing public health problem. Adverse consequences of diversion include opioid overdose fatalities, an increased incidence of addiction (particularly in jurisdictions where heroin is scarce) and compromising the public acceptance of long-term opioid prescribing. All long-term opioid prescribing requires monitoring of risk and appropriate dispensing arrangements,including dilution of methadone take-aways, supervision of administration for high-risk patients and random urine testing. Clinical guidelines influence practice, although prescribing often deviates from guidelines. Conclusion Clinical guidelines and clinical audit to enhance compliance with guidelines are helpful in maintaining the quality and integrity of the treatment system, and can contribute to keeping diversion within acceptable levels. [source] From gene amplification to V(D)J recombination and back: A personal account of my early years in B cell biologyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue S1 2007Frederick Abstract I have been invited to write a short historical feature in the context of being a co-recipient with Klaus Rajewsky and Fritz Melchers of the 2007,Novartis Prize in Basic Immunology that was given in the general area of the molecular biology of B cells. In this feature, I cover the main points of the short talk that I presented at the Award Ceremony at the International Immunology Congress in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This talk focused primarily on the work and people involved early on in generating the models and ideas that have formed the basis for my ongoing efforts in the areas of V(D)J recombination and B cell development. [source] Fair Trade and the consumer interest: a personal accountINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 4 2003Nicholas J. Gould Abstract Abject poverty and rampant consumerism are twin ills of global capitalism. This short paper serves to encourage discussion on the role of Fair Trade in healing those ills. After describing the benefits of Fair Trade for producers, a paradox concerning the joys and blights of contemporary consumption is presented. Drawing on an autoethnographic method, the author indicates how Fair Trade resolves this paradox in the consumer interest. [source] From differential display to DNA microarrays,a personal accountJOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Peng Liang This article is a tribute to Dr. Arthur Pardee, one of the most innovative and brilliant scientists of our time, on the occasion of his 85th birthday. In this partially perspective and partially review piece, I look back how fate, by twist and turn, has led me eventually to his lab at Harvard where we worked out the Differential Display technology from scratch, how the method has revolutionized the field of gene expression analysis and where DD is taking us in the "era" of DNA microarrays. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 653,658, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mistakes, misunderstandings and controversies in diabetes: A review and personal accountJOURNAL OF DIABETES INVESTIGATION, Issue 3 2010Carl Erik Mogensen Abstract A number of controversies in diabetes have had too little attention. I discuss the following issues: (i) drug therapy; (ii) genetics; (iii) antihypertensive treatment in patients with normoalbuminuria and with abnormal albuminuria; (iv) insulin analogs; (v) cancer in diabetes; (vi) hypophysectomy; (vii) renal biopsy; (viii) low protein diet; and (ix) glycated hemoglobin. A closer look at these items is required in order to have a more realistic picture of diabetes research. A scheme of other controversies is also provided. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00012.x, 2010) [source] A personal account of the role of peptide research in drug discovery: the case of hepatitis C,JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 1 2001Antonello Pessi Abstract Although peptides themselves are not usually the end products of a drug discovery effort, peptide research often plays a key role in many aspects of this process. This will be illustrated by reviewing the experience of peptide research carried out at IRBM in the course of our study of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The target of our work is the NS3/4A protease, which is essential for maturation of the viral polyprotein. After a thorough examination of its substrate specificity we fine-tuned several substrate-derived peptides for enzymology studies, high-throughput screening and as fluorescent probes for secondary binding assays. In the course of these studies we made the key observation: that the protease is inhibited by its own cleavage products. Single analog and combinatorial optimization then derived potent peptide inhibitors. The crucial role of the NS4A cofactor was also addressed. NS4A is a small transmembrane protein, whose central domain is the minimal region sufficient for enzyme activation. Structural studies were performed with a peptide corresponding to the minimal activation domain, with a series of product inhibitors and with both. We found that NS3/4A is an induced fit enzyme, requiring both the cofactor and the substrate to acquire its bioactive conformation; this explained some puzzling results of ,serine-trap' type inhibitors. A more complete study on NS3 activation, however, requires the availability of the full-length NS4A protein. This was prepared by native chemical ligation, after sequence engineering to enhance its solubility; structural studies are in progress. Current work is focused on the P, region of the substrate, which, at variance with the P region, is not used for ground state binding to the enzyme and might give rise to inhibitors showing novel interactions with the enzyme. Copyright © 2001 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The rediscovery and isolation of TFPIJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 8 2003G. J. Broze Jr Summary., Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a multivalent Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor that produces factor (F)Xa-dependent feedback inhibition of the factor VIIa/tissue factor (FVIIa/TF) catalytic complex that is responsible for the initiation of coagulation. Since 1985, when Rapaport and colleagues reported that the lipoprotein fraction of plasma contained a FXa-dependent inhibitor of FVIIa/TF, myriad articles have established its biochemical structure, its mechanism of action, and its physiological importance. This brief personal account reviews historical studies that established the existence of the inhibitor and the events that led to its initial isolation. [source] ,-Amido boronic acids: A synthetic challenge and their properties as serine protease inhibitorsMEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS, Issue 2 2008Donald S. Matteson Abstract This review includes a personal account of the history of the development of the ,-amido boronic acid synthesis and related chemistry in the author's laboratory, as well as a review of some of the more significant developments that have occurred elsewhere more recently. The simple initial target, suggested by biochemist G. E. Lienhard, proved much more elusive to reach than anticipated.1 The circuitous effort that ultimately revealed the deceptively simple successful route,1 for which there is still no alternative, will be described. The properties of these compounds as enzyme inhibitors will be described very briefly. More extensive reviews of the enzyme inhibiting properties of ,-amido boronic acids have appeared recently.2 © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 2, 233,246, 2008 [source] A MOOcentric Perspective on Education and Information TechnologyNEW DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHING & LEARNING, Issue 94 2003Wesley Cooper This chapter is a personal account of the transformative nature of technology on the teaching and learning of one faculty member. [source] Bacterial hydrolytic dehalogenases and related enzymes: Occurrences, reaction mechanisms, and applicationsTHE CHEMICAL RECORD, Issue 2 2008Tatsuo Kurihara Abstract Dehalogenases catalyze the cleavage of the carbon,halogen bond of organohalogen compounds. They have been attracting a great deal of attention partly because of their potential applications in the chemical industry and bioremediation. In this personal account, we describe occurrences, reaction mechanisms, and applications of bacterial hydrolytic dehalogenases and related enzymes, particularly L -2-haloacid dehalogenase, DL -2-haloacid dehalogenase, fluoroacetate dehalogenase, and 2-haloacrylate reductase. L -2-Haloacid dehalogenase is a representative enzyme of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily, which includes the P-type ATPases and other hydrolases. Structural and mechanistic analyses of this enzyme have yielded important insights into the mode of action of the HAD superfamily proteins. Fluoroacetate dehalogenase is unique in that it catalyzes the cleavage of the highly stable CF bond of a fluorinated aliphatic compound. In the reactions of L -2-haloacid dehalogenase and fluoroacetate dehalogenase, the carboxylate group of Asp performs a nucleophilic attack on the ,-carbon atom of the substrate, displacing the halogen atom. This mechanism is common to haloalkane dehalogenase and 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase. DL -2-Haloacid dehalogenase is unique in that a water molecule directly attacks the substrate, displacing the halogen atom. The occurrence of 2-haloacrylate reductase was recently reported, revealing a new pathway for the degradation of unsaturated aliphatic organohalogen compounds. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 67,74; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20141 [source] When Classic Ethnographic Work Is Made Impossible: The Human Politics of Research in IndiaANTHROPOLOGY & HUMANISM, Issue 2 2009Pnina Motzafi-Haller SUMMARY In this personal account, I describe the first days of research I begun in Rajasthan, in India in the winter of 2008. This graphic narrative of my encounters with my research interlocutors includes not only what I learned from my research subjects, a group of multiply marginalized people known as the Banjara. It also depicts my conversations with academic colleagues and assistants, local officials, and translators. It describes the human politics that had, in fact, blocked my ability to carry out classical ethnographic research work that I was so intent on carrying out and offers the readers a look into the scene that is often excluded from ethnographic reports. I propose that these encounters are part and parcel of the learning process in a new setting. I argue that a detailed exploration of my own position in the field,one that exposes the confusion, the ignorance, the struggles, the affection, and the dislike I develop toward a range of people I met in these first days,is necessary for writing in a humanistic way about the process through which we learn what we claim we know. Through this reflexive article, I offer a model for anthropological writing that is intellectually engaging, politically aware, and humane. [source] Learning from James: Lessons about Policy and Practice for Schools' Special Provision in the Area of Literacy DifficultiesBRITISH JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2004Janice Wearmouth Janice Wearmouth is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Education and Language Studies at the Open University in the UK. She has many years' experience of teaching and research in mainstream secondary schools and of developing and leading postgraduate development courses for teachers in the area of special and inclusive education. In this article, she argues that successive Governments in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have adopted policies in relation to special educational provision that are essentially technicist in character. These policies proceed from assumptions that are made about the clear and unproblematic nature of the issues and the responses that need to be made. In this model, difficulties in learning can be ,fixed' by selecting the most appropriate ,tool' in the most efficient and cost-effective way. The current focus on competency-based teacher education can be seen as a corollary of this approach. Drawing upon a personal account of the experience of having difficulties in literacy acquisition, this article presents a contrary view. Janice Wearmouth argues that the area of special educational needs in schools, including literacy difficulties, is fraught with uncertainty and conflicting viewpoints. Given this complex situation, the technicist responses of recent Governments in the UK seem inappropriate and inadequate, Janice Wearmouth suggests. She proposes that practice in relation to special educational needs in general, and literacy difficulties in particular, can be most effectively understood from the perspective of a reflective practitioner. Her article closes with a call for practitioner professional development to be reconceptualised in these terms. [source] Tools for Financial Innovation: Neoclassical versus Behavioral FinanceFINANCIAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Robert J. Shiller B41; G28 Abstract The behavioral finance revolution in academic finance in the last several decades is best described as a return to a more eclectic approach to financial modeling. The earlier neoclassical finance revolution that had swept the finance profession in the 1960s and 1970s represented the overly-enthusiastic pursuit of only one model. Freed from the tyranny of just one model, financial research is now making faster progress, and that progress can be expected to show material benefits. An example of the application of both behavioral finance and neoclassical finance is discussed: the reform of Social Security and the introduction of personal accounts. [source] Healing Patterns Revealed in Middle School Boys' Experiences of Being Bullied Using Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB)JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING, Issue 3 2010Danny G. Willis DNS, PMHCNS-BC PROBLEM:, Although two of the primary risk factors for being bullied include "male" and "middle school" status, a gap in knowledge exists of middle school boys' personal accounts and meanings of being bullied and their healing. METHODS:, Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological approach using open-ended semi-structured individual interviews was used to collect and analyze evidence related to middle school boys' lived experiences of being bullied and healing. Roger's Science of Unitary Human Beings (SUHB) guided interpretation of the healing patterns. FINDINGS:, Three patterns of healing were identified in boys' experiences: meaning-making, self-transcendence, and nonviolently claiming personal power. CONCLUSIONS:, Evidence of healing patterns exists in middle school boys' experiences of being bullied, offering a foundation for further research and practice focused on healing. When working with middle school boys who have been bullied, nurses need to ask about their experiences and promote their healing. [source] Opening Windows, Closing Doors: Ethical Dilemmas in Educational Action ResearchJOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION, Issue 3 2001Les Tickle The chapter records personal accounts of the author's dealings with dilemmas encountered in the research methods literature and in the field of practice, as an action researcher and teacher educator. It draws on Mary Chamberlain's Fenwomen to illustrate some of the dangers of ethnographic research. Using data from two instances, one in a pre-service initial teacher-training programme and the other in teacher induction, the author draws out the tensions between the ,need to know' in order to act professionally, and the ,need to protect' in order to do the same. [source] Employment, social inclusion and mental healthJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 1 2000J. Evans bsc econ (hons) rmn dip (psychosocial management of psychosis) Whereas unemployment is clearly linked to mental health problems, employment can improve quality of life, mental health, social networks and social inclusion. Yet in the UK only 15% of people with serious mental health problems are employed , despite an overwhelming consensus from surveys, case studies and personal accounts that users want to work. This paper aims to challenge common misconceptions surrounding employment, work and mental health problems. Drawing on a range of research evidence and legislative guidance it discusses significant barriers to work and proposes feasible solutions. The need for mental health staff and services to become involved in the provision of work opportunities is considered, as is the vital role they can play in changing communities. The potency of work as a vehicle for improving the social inclusion and community tenure of people with mental health problems is highlighted. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||