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Kinds of Personal Terms modified by Personal Selected AbstractsNegotiating Personal and Cultural Significance: A Theoretical Framework for Art Museum EducationCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Olga M. Hubard This article presents a theoretical framework for those who facilitate engagements with works of art. The aim is to help facilitators negotiate potential differences between the original meaning(s) of an artwork and the fresh interpretations spectators articulate. The author applies Umberto Eco's ideas about literary texts to instances of interpretation in the visual arts. Eco suggests that the implications of unexpected readings change in different situations. Therefore, the facilitators' challenge is in discovering how to handle each individual encounter. To this end, facilitators may wish to ponder: What meaning does the new interpretation conflict with? And what is the distance between the cultural conventions of spectators and the conventions that framed the creation of the work? Real world examples are used to shed light on these questions and their significance. [source] Is multidisciplinary learning effective among those caring for people with diabetes?DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 10 2002N. Munro Abstract The role of multi-professional learning for those providing clinical services to people with diabetes has yet to be defined. Several assumptions are generally made about education in the context of multi-professional settings. It is argued that different professions learning together could potentially improve professional relationships, collaborative working practices and ultimately standards of care. Greater respect and honesty may emerge from a team approach to learning with a commensurate reduction in professional antagonism. Personal and professional confidence is reportedly enhanced through close contact with other professionals during team-based learning exercises. We have examined current evidence to support multidisciplinary learning in the context of medical education generally as well as in diabetes education. Previous investigation of available literature by Cochrane reviewers, aimed at identifying studies of interprofessional education interventions, yielded a total of 1042 articles, none of which met the stated inclusion criteria. Searches involving more recent publications failed to reveal more robust evidence. Despite a large body of literature on the evaluation of interprofessional education, studies generally lacked the methodological rigour needed to understand the impact of interprofessional education on professional practice and/or health care outcomes. Nevertheless, planners continue to advocate, and endorse, joint training between different groups of workers (including nurses, doctors and those in professions allied to medicine) with the objective of producing an integrated workforce of multidisciplinary teams. Whilst the concept of multi-professional learning has strong appeal, it is necessary for those responsible for educating health care professionals to demonstrate its superiority over separate learning experiences. [source] Personal, Political, Theoretical: Learning Journals and EducationENGLISH IN EDUCATION, Issue 3 2002Ros King Abstract This paper perhaps takes a rather unusual form as it is both a description of a pedagogic method and a demonstration of that method in practice. It was first given as a presentation to the Writing in the Disciplines group run by Sally Mitchell at Queen Mary, University of London in June 2001. It concerns the use of learning journals on a particular course, ,Shakespeare in the Classroom', during which my students, who are studying for BA degrees in English or English and Drama, engage in an intense and demanding practical experience: teaching a Shakespeare play to classes in years 6, 7 or 8 in local inner London schools (website at: http:www.english.qmw.ac.uMShakesinClassHomePage.html). [source] Autosomal Recessive Idiopathic Epilepsy in an Inbred Family from Turkey: Identification of a Putative Locus on Chromosome 9q32-33EPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2004Betül Baykan Summary: Purpose: The study describes the clinical features of an inbred family from Turkey with three members affected by seizures and tests possible autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance by means of linkage analysis. Methods: Personal and family history was obtained from each subject, and general physical, neurologic, and EEG examinations were performed. A set of 382 fluorescence-labeled markers was used for the initial genome-wide search. A further set of 83 markers was used to map the locus precisely and to exclude the remaining genome. Results: Twelve individuals from three generations were examined. Two subjects were affected by idiopathic epilepsy, whereas, their brother experienced a single unprovoked generalized seizure. Two siblings affected by idiopathic epilepsy and their unaffected sister showed a photoparoxysmal response to photic stimulation. Nine family members reported migraine. The genome-wide search led to the identification of a unique homozygous, 15.1-cM region shared by subjects with seizures on chromosome 9q32-33 and providing a lod score of 2.9. This locus, however, was not associated with migraine in this pedigree. Conclusions: The study suggests that idiopathic epileptic traits with AR inheritance might be underestimated in the general population and that inbred pedigrees may represent powerful tools for the identification of AR genes. [source] Turcot syndrome confirmed with molecular analysisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2007C. Lebrun Turcot syndrome is clinically characterized by the occurrence of primary brain tumor and colorectal tumor and has, in previous reports, been shown associated with germline mutations in the genes APC, MLH1, MHS6, and PMS2. To date, only few families have been documented by molecular analysis. We report two new families with Turcot syndrome to illustrate and review its characteristics and facilitate diagnosis. Molecular analysis revealed two germline mutations, one in the MLH1 gene and one in MSH2. The latter has never been describe in the literature. Personal and familial relevant anamnestic data from patients with glioma might aid in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. The subsequent molecular characterization may contribute to the appropriate care of affected patients and asymptomatic gene carriers. [source] Rethinking the Personal and the Political: Feminist Activism and Civic EngagementHYPATIA, Issue 4 2007THERESA MAN LING LEE The slogan "the personal is political" captures the distinctive challenge to the public-private divide posed by contemporary feminists. As such, feminist activism is not necessarily congruent with civic engagement, which is predicated on the paradoxical need to both bridge and sustain the public-private divide. Lee argues that rather than subverting the divide, the politics of the personal offers an alternative understanding of civic engagement that aims to reinstate individuals' dignity and agency. [source] Heterosexual Privilege: The Political and the PersonalHYPATIA, Issue 1 2007ERIKA FAITH FEIGENBAUM In this essay, Feigenbaum examines heterosexism as it functions politically and interpersonally in her own experience. She loosely traces her analysis along the current political climate of the bans on same-sex marriages, using this discussion to introduce and illustrate how heterosexual dominance functions. The author aims throughout to clarify what heterosexism looks like "in action," and she moves toward providing steps to recognize, name, interrupt, and counter heterosexist privilege. [source] Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older peopleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 3 2010Maria Isabel Peñarrieta De Córdova PhD de córdova m.i.p., mier n., curi e.j.m., gómez t.g., quirarte n.h.g. & barrios f.f. (2009) Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 193,201 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00193.x Background., Increased healthcare needs among older individuals around the world demands a better understanding of factors influencing healthcare service utilization patterns. Objective., To examine personal and social correlates to health services utilization among Mexican older persons. Design and methods., This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2004 and 2006 with 2030 Mexican adults 60 years and older and based on a health services utilization framework. A two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size was used. Participants were randomly selected and recruited in four metropolitan areas in Northeastern Mexico. Chi-square and Pearson's chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analyses. Results., Significantly more women than men had lost a spouse and were illiterate. Also, females reported significantly poorer health, higher nutritional risk and lower ability to perform activities of daily and instrumental living than males. Predictors of healthcare utilization were: Having a caregiver during an illness; perceiving to have a health problem; being able to afford food, and having children. Conclusions., Predisposing, enabling and need factors are strong predictors of health services utilization among Mexican older persons. In addition, gender differences exist among this population in relation to health status, but not to health services demands. [source] Developing person-centred practice: nursing outcomes arising from changes to the care environment in residential settings for older peopleINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 2 2010BSc (Hons) Nursing, Brendan McCormack D.Phil (Oxon), PGCEA mccormack b., dewing j., breslin l., coyne-nevin a., kennedy k., manning m., peelo-kilroe l., tobin c. & slater p. (2010) Developing person-centred practice: nursing outcomes arising from changes to the care environment in residential settings for older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 93,107 Aim., To present the nursing outcomes from the evaluation of developments in the care environment in residential settings for older people. Design., The evaluation data reported here is derived from a larger national programme of work that focused on the development of person-centred practice in residential services for older people using an emancipatory practice development framework. A multi-method evaluation framework was utilised. Outcome data were collected at three time points between December 2007 and September 2009. The data reported here were collected using an instrument called the ,Person-Centred Nursing Index'. Findings., Heavy workload was the main cause of stress among nurses. Personal and professional satisfaction with the job was scored highest by the total sample of nurses. Nineteen factors were examined using the Person-Centred Nursing Index. Statistically significant changes were observed in 12 of these. In addition, there were statistically significant changes in nurses' perceptions of caring, indicating a shift from a dominant focus on ,technical' aspects of care, to one where ,intimate' aspects of care were more highly valued. Relevance to clinical practice., The findings highlight the importance of the development of effective teamwork, workload management, time management and staff relationships in order to create a culture where there is a more democratic and inclusive approach to practice and space for the formation of person-centred relationships. [source] Peter Simonson (Ed.). Politics, Social Networks, and the History of Mass Communications Research: Rereading "Personal Influence."Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 608.JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 20092006., Thousand Oaks: Sage No abstract is available for this article. [source] Verfahren zur vollständigen Ermittlung der R-Abhängigkeit des Rissausbreitungsverhaltens mit nur einer Probe,MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK, Issue 9 2007A. Tesch Dr. fatigue crack growth; Kmax -tests; threshold; Al 2524-T351 Abstract Ein neues Prüfungskonzept für Ermüdungsrisswachstumsversuche ermöglicht es mit nur einer Probe für den gesamten Bereich des Spannungsverhältnisses von R = 0,9 bis R = -1 Ermüdungsrisswachstumskurven (da/dN-,K-Kurven) für jedes beliebige R-Verhältnis zu erstellen. Zusätzlich erhält man auch die Schwellenwerte der Spannungsintensitätsschwingbreite ,Kth als Funktion von R und Kmax. In Kombination mit einer Methode zur kontinuierlichen Risslängenbestimmung, wie der Gleichstrompotenzialmethode, erfordert dieses Verfahren sehr geringen Personal- und Zeitaufwand. Das Prüfungskonzept besteht aus einer Aneinanderreihung von Kmax -konstant-Versuchen. Da die Kmax -Werte stufenweise ansteigen, sollte es bei diesem Verfahren keine Lastfolgeeffekte geben. Die ermittelten Daten stimmen sehr gut mit Ergebnissen aus da/dN-,K-Versuchen, die nach der ASTM Norm E 647 mit mehreren Proben durchgeführten wurden, überein. Die Versuche erfüllen alle Bedingungen der ASTM E 647. Procedure for the determination of the complete R-dependency of the crack growth behaviour with only one specimen A new concept for fatigue crack propagation tests has been developed. Using a single specimen, it is possible to determine fatigue crack growth curves (da/dN - ,K) for every stress ratio between R = 0.9 and R = -1. Additionally, the new concept also provides threshold values for fatigue crack growth for different values of R and Kmax. In combination with a continuous crack length measurement tool (such as the DC potential drop method) this testing procedure can be performed with minimal effort of personnel and time. The test procedure consists of a sequence of Kmax -constant tests with decreasing crack growth rates. As the applied Kmax is increasing stepwise there should be no load history effects. According to the procedures described in the ASTM Standard E 647, the results using this new testing procedure fit very well to the da/dN - ,K curves generated with different specimens. The tests also fulfil all the requirements of ASTM Standard E 647. [source] Personal and global economies: Male carpet manufacturers as entrepreneurs in the weaving neighborhoods of Konya, TurkeyAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2010DAMLA ISIK ABSTRACT Situating the Turkish carpet-weaving industry within the historical and political context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study concentrates on male carpet manufacturers in Konya, Turkey. It explores how their divergent and at times awkward articulations of successful entrepreneurship affect and are affected by local labor conditions and relationships. The efforts of carpet manufacturers to achieve entrepreneurial flexibility have both liberating and constraining effects, demonstrating that the meanings and practices some researchers ascribe to the market economy and flexibility cannot be understood if disengaged from the particulars of culture. [source] Personal, academic, and career counseling of African American women in college settingsNEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERVICES, Issue 104 2003Madonna G. Constantine This chapter provides information about personal, academic, and vocational concerns of African American college women and offers culturally relevant counseling frameworks and interventions for working with this population. [source] A Motivational Model of Authoritarianism: Integrating Personal and Situational DeterminantsPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Philipp Jugert We describe and test a collective security model of authoritarianism. This model sees Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) as directly caused by collective security motivation (CSM), which is in turn influenced jointly by personality (with its effects mediated through group identification and dangerous world beliefs) and social threat (with its effects mediated through dangerous world beliefs). Two studies tested this model using student samples,one was correlational (N = 218), while the other included an experimental manipulation of threat using future scenarios (N = 136). Structural equation analyses partially supported the model suggesting that CSM fully mediated the effects of threat and group identification on RWA, but only partially mediated the effect of personality, which also had important direct effects. [source] Civic Knowledge of High School Students in Israel: Personal and Contextual DeterminantsPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Professor Orit Ichilov Past research on civic education suggests that students' performance is largely influenced by individual socioeconomic background and motivational factors. There has been little attention to the effects of school and classroom ideological and social attributes, such as the socioeconomic make-up of the school or classroom, or how interested in politics are a student's classmates. The results of the present study support the contention that contextual effects play a vital role in determining students' civic knowledge scores. Analysis of Israeli 11th graders' performance on the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) civic knowledge test shows that while individual backgrounds and motivations play a significant role, school and classroom contexts greatly contribute to civic knowledge acquisition. [source] Personal and non-occupational risk factors and occupational injury/illnessAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2006Brian N. Craig PhD Abstract Background The materials handling industry performs is an essential function in the world economy, however, it is plagued with occupationally related injuries and illnesses. Understanding the risk factors may assist this industry in alleviating these injuries and illnesses, as well as their associated costs. Methods Forty-eight personal and non-occupational risk factors were measured and evaluated for statistically significant relationships with occupational injury in 442 volunteer manual material handlers who worked for three different companies, at nine US locations, with 15 different job descriptions. OSHA 200 logs were used to ascertain evidence of occupational injury within this population for 1 year after the testing and measurement was completed. Results Higher occurrences of injury were significantly associated with six risk factors in the univariate model (odds ratios 1.51,4.00). The significantly (P,<,0.05) related risk factors in the univariate model were aerobic power, smoking status, perceived fitness level, fishing/hunting as a hobby, speed limit obeyance, and witnessing or being involved in a violent fight. In the multivariate analysis, five risk factors (aerobic power, smoking status, percent body fat, body mass index, and sit-and-reach measured flexibility) were significantly (P,<,0.05) associated with occupational injury. Odds ratios in the multivariate analysis varied from 1.42 to 10.11. Conclusion Evidence of an association of occupational injury occurrence with certain risk factors presented in personal and non-occupational univariate and multivariate models is shown. In industry, effective injury reduction programs should go beyond traditional methods of job-related ergonomic risk factors and include personal factors such as smoking, weight control, and alcohol abuse. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:249,260, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Empowering salespeople: Personal, managerial, and organizational perspectivesPSYCHOLOGY & MARKETING, Issue 2 2006Rolph E. Anderson The traditional seven steps of personal selling have remained virtually unchanged since the early 1900s. Meanwhile, the actual roles and duties of salespeople have pushed far into customer relationship management (CRM). Psychologically and professionally, salespeople need greater empowerment for their expanding CRM responsibilities. However, empowerment is a complex process requiring several individual, managerial, and organizational changes for successful implementation. As part of the empowerment process for its salespeople, companies need to provide supporting structures, processes, and incentives for customer-oriented behavior. At the same time, the Internet and other telecommunications advances in the macroenvironment are accelerating empowerment changes in personal selling,mainly on the customer side of the exchange. To effectively and efficiently carry out their growing yet still poorly defined CRM roles, salespeople need to be comprehensively empowered, trained, motivated, and rewarded. Companies that most effectively empower their salespeople should reap substantial rewards in profitability and loyalty from both their salespeople and customers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Personal and systems-level factors that limit and facilitate school psychologists' involvement in school-based mental health services,PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 4 2010Shannon M. Suldo The common path through which youth with mental health problems actually receive treatment is the education system. The current study used qualitative methodology to explore why school psychologists are not providing the level of mental health services that children need, leaders in the field call for, and practitioners desire. Thirty-nine school psychologists participated in 11 focus groups; they responded to structured questions regarding the range of mental health services they currently provide, as well as the personal and systemic factors that facilitate and limit their provision of these mental health services. Analysis of themes that emerged across focus groups indicated that school psychologists provide a broad variety of mental health services with an emphasis on group and individual counseling as well as crisis intervention. The factors most often mentioned as prohibiting the delivery of such services included problems inherent to using schools as the site for service delivery, insufficient training, and a lack of support from department/district administration and school personnel. The enabling conditions that emerged most involved perceptions of ample support from administration and school personnel, sufficient integration into the school site, and particular personal characteristics, such as the desire to provide counseling and the ability to maintain personal boundaries. Implications for practitioners, administrators, and trainers are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Nothing Personal: On Statistical Discrimination*THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, Issue 4 2007Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen First page of article [source] Associations Between Coerced Anal Sex and Psychopathology, Marital Distress and Non-Sexual ViolenceTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 7 2009Parvaneh Mohammadkhani PhD ABSTRACT Background., There is a dearth of scientific data on anal intercourse in heterosexual relationships. Likewise, anal sex within marital relationships has yet to be fully explored. Objectives., Among a representative sample of married women in the Iranian capital, Tehran, we aimed to determine the association of self-reported coerced anal sex with: (i) self-reported coerced vaginal sex; (ii) self-reported non-sexual violence; (iii) psychopathology; and (iv) marital attitude. Method., The data presented here were obtained from the Family Violence Survey conducted in Tehran in 2007. A total of 230 married Iranian women were selected via a multi-cluster sampling method from four different randomized regions. The subjects' sociodemographic data, psychological distress (Symptom Check List; SCL-90-R), personality, and relationship characteristics (Personal and Relationships Profile), and marital attitude (Marital Attitude Survey) were gathered. In addition, the participants' self-reported histories of lifetime victimization through all types of violence by the husband, including coerced anal and vaginal sex as well as psychological and physical assault (Conflict Tactic Scales-Revised; CTS-2), were collected. Results., There were associations between self-reported victimization through coerced anal and vaginal sex (P < 0.001), psychological (P < 0.001), and physical aggression (P < 0.001). Those reporting to have been forced into anal intercourse cited higher rates of paranoid and psychotic features, jealousy, attribution of problems to one's own behavior, conflict, and male dominance, as well as lower expectations of improvement in one's marital relationship. Conclusion., In marital relationships, women are at a higher risk of coerced anal sex if subjected to other types of sexual or non-sexual violence. Higher rates of psychopathology and poorer marital relationships are also allied to self-reported anal sexual coercion. Mohammadkhani P, Khooshabi KS, Forouzan AS, Azadmehr H, Assari S, and Lankarani MM. Associations between coerced anal sex and psychopathology, marital distress and non-sexual violence. J Sex Med 2009;6:1938,1946. [source] Personal and cultural differences in responding to criticism in three countriesASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Mary Jiang Bresnahan The present study investigated whether verbal aggression, argument approach, argument avoidance or assertiveness had any effect on how participants in three countries responded to criticism. Consistent with the first hypothesis, men were significantly more aggressive, assertive, less avoidant, and approached argument more than women. However, men did not respond more assertively to criticism. As predicted in the second hypothesis, US Americans responded more assertively to criticism than did Japanese and Chinese. The third hypothesis predicted that verbal aggression, argument approach, argument avoidance and assertiveness would be associated with a more assertive response to criticism. The data obtained were only partially consistent with the third hypothesis. While only a small number of participants in this study indicated that they would respond to criticism with silence, US Americans used silence to mean anger while for Chinese silence showed personal embarrassment. Very few Japanese selected silence as an option for responding to a neighbor's criticism. The implications of these results are discussed. [source] GETTING THE BALANCE RIGHT?AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2003GPS WHO CHOSE TO STAY IN RURAL PRACTICE ABSTRACT Background: Despite major challenges to the retention of rural GPs in Australia, little is known about why some rural GPs stay long-term within their communities. Method: A group of rural GPs interviewed as part of another study about 10 years ago were re-interviewed to explore their attitudes to their reasons for staying. Results: Eighteen of the original group of 23 could be contacted and 13 were interviewed. Factors that appeared to promote staying in rural practice were: strong attachment to the community; and practice arrangements that allow for adequate time off-call and for holidays. However, several GPs were stressed and some had considered leaving. The stressors were similar to those identified in earlier research, including overwork and having to send children to boarding school. Conclusion: Personal and professional support arrangements within the community appear to be associated with decisions by rural GPs to remain in practice for substantial periods of time. Retention strategies should focus on facilitation of local integration. [source] Nachrichten: Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 7/2010BETON- UND STAHLBETONBAU, Issue 7 2010Article first published online: 30 JUN 2010 Deutscher Brückenbaupreis 2010 , Dokumentation erschienen DAfStb Doktorandensymposium 2010 an der TU Kaiserslautern. Beton , Werkstoff der Superlative Mehr Umsatz, mehr Personal: Ingenieurunternehmen trotzen der Krise Bauhauptgewerbe: Wieder deutlich mehr Auftrageingänge im Bauhauptgewerbe Bayerische Ingenieurekammer-Bau lobt Ingenieurpreis 2011 aus [source] Magnetic field exposure and prognostic factors in childhood leukemiaBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 1 2007Donna E. Foliart Abstract We examined the association between magnetic field (MF) exposure and the presence of prognostic risk factors among 482 children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between 1996 and 2001. Personal 24-h MF measurements were obtained for 412 children; 386 children were included in analyses. There were no trends seen between increasing exposure to MF and the presence of adverse clinical and tumor-specific prognostic factors. Our results suggest that exposure to MF is not associated with the presence of unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities in leukemic blast cells or with clinical factors at the time of diagnosis that predict poor survival. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of endoscopic ultrasonography on the management of 100 consecutive patients with oesophageal and junctional carcinoma,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 10 2003S. R. Preston Background Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) offers very accurate tumour and node staging information for oesophagogastric cancer. The aim was to determine whether the addition of EUS directly influenced the definitive management plan for individual patients. Methods Personal and staging information from 100 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction were summarized and blinded. Three consultant oesophagogastric surgeons independently made a management decision for each patient, in the presence and absence of the EUS data. All scored their perceived value of the EUS staging data for each patient. Results EUS was deemed useful in 63,87 per cent of patients and its addition resulted in an increased number of concordant management plans (from 53 to 62 per cent), and increased agreement between surgeons. The greatest change in concordant management was an increased referral of patients for non-surgical palliation. Conclusion The addition of EUS to the staging of patients with oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction cancer significantly altered the management strategy for some of these patients. Copyright © 2003 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Risk factors and characteristics associated with severe and difficult to treat asthma phenotype: an analysis of the ENFUMOSA group of patients based on the ECRHS questionnaireCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 7 2005M. Gaga Summary Background Severe and difficult to treat asthma impairs health status and accounts for about half of asthma expenditure. In 1994, a European Network For Understanding Mechanisms of Severe Asthma (ENFUMOSA) was formed. A large group of patients from nine European countries has been selected. Objective To examine the risk factors and symptoms associated with a phenotype of severe/difficult to treat asthma. Methods The present report presents data assessed through the use of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Questionnaire in 148 mild,moderate controlled and 155 severe asthmatics from the ENFUMOSA group. Results There is a negative association of severe asthma with reported allergy and with a family history of allergy (Odds ratio (OR)=0.45). Sharing a bedroom before the age of five is associated with a higher risk of severe asthma (OR=1.5) while childhood infections, play school attendance and exposure to allergens or animals are not. A larger proportion of severe asthma patients report symptoms at work (OR=2.7) or have to change jobs (OR=4.3) and fewer severe than mild patients are currently employed (OR=0.39). Smoking and exposure to smoke is similar in mild and severe asthma. Dietary habits do not differ between the groups, but severe asthmatics report eating less savoury snacks and there is a trend for lower intake of sweets. Conclusions Analysis of the ECRHS questionnaire in the ENFUMOSA study shows that severe asthma patients experience more symptoms and their health status is impaired by their inability to work and perhaps eat freely. Personal and maternal history of allergy is associated with mild but not severe asthma. Other than sharing a bedroom before the age of 5 years, no childhood exposure risk factors associated with severe asthma could be identified from this analysis. [source] Motivations for the Restoration of EcosystemsCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006ANDRE F. CLEWELL cambio climático; capital natural; restauración ecológica Abstract:,The reasons ecosystems should be restored are numerous, disparate, generally understated, and commonly underappreciated. We offer a typology in which these reasons,or motivations,are ordered among five rationales: technocratic, biotic, heuristic, idealistic, and pragmatic. The technocratic rationale encompasses restoration that is conducted by government agencies or other large organizations to satisfy specific institutional missions and mandates. The biotic rationale for restoration is to recover lost aspects of local biodiversity. The heuristic rationale attempts to elicit or demonstrate ecological principles and biotic expressions. The idealistic rationale consists of personal and cultural expressions of concern or atonement for environmental degradation, reengagement with nature, and/or spiritual fulfillment. The pragmatic rationale seeks to recover or repair ecosystems for their capacity to provide a broad array of natural services and products upon which human economies depend and to counteract extremes in climate caused by ecosystem loss. We propose that technocratic restoration, as currently conceived and practiced, is too narrow in scope and should be broadened to include the pragmatic rationale whose overarching importance is just beginning to be recognized. We suggest that technocratic restoration is too authoritarian, that idealistic restoration is overly restricted by lack of administrative strengths, and that a melding of the two approaches would benefit both. Three recent examples are given of restoration that blends the technocratic, idealistic, and pragmatic rationales and demonstrates the potential for a more unified approach. The biotic and heuristic rationales can be satisfied within the contexts of the other rationales. Resumen:,Las razones por la que los ecosistemas deben ser restaurados son numerosas, dispares, generalmente poco sustentadas, y comúnmente poco apreciadas. Ofrecemos una tipología en la que estas razones,o motivaciones,son ordenadas entre cinco razonamientos: tecnocrático, biótico, heurístico, idealista y pragmático. El razonamiento tecnocrático se refiere a la restauración que es llevada a cabo por agencias gubernamentales u otras grandes organizaciones para satisfacer misiones y mandatos institucionales específicos. El razonamiento biótico de la restauración es la recuperación de aspectos perdidos de la biodiversidad local. El razonamiento heurístico intenta extraer o demostrar principios ecológicos y expresiones bióticas. El razonamiento idealista consiste de expresiones personales y culturales de la preocupación o reparación de la degradación ambiental, reencuentro con la naturaleza y/o cumplimiento espiritual. El razonamiento pragmático busca recuperar o reparar ecosistemas por su capacidad de proporcionar una amplia gama de servicios y productos naturales de la que dependen las economías humanas y para contrarrestar extremos en el clima causados por la pérdida de ecosistemas. Proponemos que la restauración tecnocrática, como se concibe y practica actualmente, es muy corta en su alcance y debiera ampliarse para incluir al razonamiento pragmático, cuya importancia apenas comienza a ser reconocida. Sugerimos que la restauración tecnocrática es demasiado autoritaria, que la restauración idealista esta muy restringida por la falta de fortalezas administrativas, y que una mezcla de los dos enfoques podría beneficiar a ambas. Proporcionamos tres ejemplos recientes de restauración que combinan los razonamientos tecnocrático, idealista y pragmático y demuestran el potencial para un enfoque más unificado. Los razonamientos biótico y heurístico pueden ser satisfechos en el contexto de los otros razonamientos. [source] Taming the shadow: corporate responsibility in a Jungian contextCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2008Tarja Ketola Abstract Rampant shadows undermine true corporate responsibility (CR) when companies try to keep up appearances by fair means or foul. This paper studies the thoughts, words and deeds of CR actors in their Jungian context. The aim is to help CR actors to understand different CR behaviour and to gain new insights into developing CR values, discourses and practices. This research builds on earlier psychological articles published in this journal, and digs deeper into the psychological resources of the human mind to show what vast potentials lie there to solve CR issues. Jungian theories open up the individual, organizational and societal personality and give opportunities to expand it horizontally and vertically. The Jungian prospective quality of the psyche is illustrated by three levels of unconscious , personal, cultural and collective, which can help the development of CR values, discourses and actions of individuals, organizations, societies and humankind. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] From CR-psychopaths to responsible corporations: waking up the inner Sleeping Beauty of companiesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2006Tarja Ketola Many large companies seem to fulfil the psychiatric criteria for psychopaths in their corporate responsibility (CR) practices. Are they really incurable psychopaths, or is it possible that they could be counselled into accepting their responsibilities? CR studies have so far paid little attention to the variations in the CR emphases between different companies. This article, based on a conference paper (Ketola, 2005b), presents a CR emphasis model, pinpointing eight different approaches to corporate responsibility. Some companies do not voluntarily take any responsibilities. Companies acting like psychopaths need a Prince of Virtues to kiss awake their inner Sleeping Beauty from its 100-year irresponsibility sleep. All companies could take advantage of virtue ethics, which present the values shared by all humans, and hence exemplify the natural law (lex naturae). Counselling top managers and key individuals on their personal and professional values enables all personnel to integrate virtues into the company's CR practices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Mental health outcomes of adjudicated males and females: the aftermath of juvenile delinquency and problem behaviourCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2004Mélanie Corneau Background Empirical evidence indicates that the rates of mental health problems and disorders are relatively high among adjudicated youths, especially females, yet few longitudinal studies have focused on gender differences regarding their mental health outcomes as adults. Aims The present study was designed to assess the prevalence rates of self-reported suicide attempts and psychological help-seeking in young adults adjudicated for antisocial behaviours in adolescence. This study also assessed gender differences in the prevalence rates of mental health problems and disorders reported by participants. Methods Structured interviews assessing personal and social adaptation were conducted on three occasions with 292 adjudicated male and 113 female youths (mean age 15 years on the first occasion). Data from the third testing wave (mean age 23.51 at T3) provide information on their mental health outcomes in adulthood. Results Results indicate that in individuals with a history of juvenile delinquency and/or problem behaviour over 10% of the males and 20% of the females reported suicide attempts, and one-fifth and one-third respectively reported psychological consultation. Similar and lower proportions reported psychiatric hospitalization and/or drug addiction programme/therapy at the beginning of adulthood. Implications for practice The present study suggests that these youths may need more mental health directed interventions in their assessment rehabilitation programmes. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||