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Selected AbstractsManaging for Innovation: The Two Faces of Tension in Creative ClimatesCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2010Scott G. Isaksen Part of managing for innovation is creating the appropriate climate so that people can share and build upon each other's ideas and suggestions. Yet, there are increasing pressures and potential unproductive levels of tension within organizations. This article points out the distinction between two forms of tension that appear within the research on organizational climates for creativity as well as the conflict management literature. The Debate dimension is described as reflecting a more productive idea tension and the Conflict dimension suggests a more non-productive personal tension. A series of studies, across multiple levels of analysis, are summarized and a new study is reported in order to highlight the finding that relatively higher levels of Debate, and lower levels of Conflict are more conducive to organizational creativity and innovation. A practical model for the constructive use of differences is shared, along with a few strategies for reducing the negative tension associated with Conflict and increasing the positive aspects associated with Debate. [source] Accountability, Control and Independence: The Case of European AgenciesEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 5 2009Madalina Busuioc This article points at two problematic assumptions made in some of the contemporary European agency literature. It proposes a conceptual framework, integrating accountability, autonomy and control, and aims to demonstrate how this type of conceptualisation contributes to clarifying problematic aspects of the current European agency debate. Empirical evidence from interviews with high-level practitioners is provided to illustrate the relevance of the proposed framework. The empirical information reveals that, at times, the de facto level of autonomy displayed by some European agencies is below the autonomy provided by the formal legal rules as a result of ongoing controls exercised by one (or other) of the principals. The repercussions that flow from these empirical insights for the agency debate in general, as well as for our understanding of agency accountability, will be discussed at length. [source] The Political Economy of AIDS Treatment: Intellectual Property and the Transformation of Generic SupplyINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2007Kenneth C. Shadlen This article examines the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and public health, with a focus on the extension of AIDS treatment in the developing world. While most of the literature on IP and health examines the conditions affecting poor countries' capacities to acquire essential medicines, I show the distinct,and more complicated,political economy of production and supply. IP regulations alter the structure of generic pharmaceutical sectors in the countries capable of supplying essential medicines, and changes in market structure affect actors' economic and political interests and capacities. These new constellations of interests and capacities have profound implications for the creation and maintenance of political coalitions in support of on-going drug supply. The result is that the global AIDS treatment campaign becomes marked by mismatches of interests and capacities: those actors capable of taking the economic, legal, and political steps necessary to increase the supply and availability of essential drugs have diminished interest in doing so, and those actors with an interest in expanding treatment may lack the capacities to address the problem of undersupply. By focusing centrally on actors' interests in and capacities for economic and political action, the article restores political economy to analysis of an issue-area that has been dominated by attention to international law. And by examining the fragility of the coalitions supporting the production and supply of generic drugs, the article points to the limits of transnational activist networks as enduring agents of change. [source] Meaning-Making and the matrix model: Does one size really fit all?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2005Robert A. NeimeyerArticle first published online: 17 JUN 200 Despite the multifocal complexity of the matrix model (C.R. Snyder & T.R. Elliott, this issue), its close correspondence with the theoretical dialectics and philosophy of clinical constructivism auger well for its capacity to articulate with existing approaches to graduate education in psychology. In this article points of contact are documented between the two approaches, and a caveat is included about the limits of the matrix model in ensuring greater relevance of clinical training to the settings in which contemporary professionals will work. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] GROUNDING SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN RESOURCE-ADVANTAGE THEORY,JOURNAL OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2008SHELBY D. HUNT A key issue for strategic supply chain management research is whether purchasing can be a source of long-term competitive advantage. Recent resource-based works in strategic management suggest that purchasing cannot be a source of long-term competitive advantage. In contrast, recent works in supply chain management suggest that purchasing can be such a source. This article explains why works in strategic management and supply chain management come to such radically different conclusions on purchasing strategy. Specifically, this article points out that the negative conclusion concerning purchasing strategy is derived from theories of competition based on the neoclassical, equilibrium economics research tradition. Therefore, the positive case for strategic purchasing needs to be grounded in a research tradition that provides a clean break from the neoclassical, equilibrium economics research tradition. The authors discuss the characteristics of what has come to be labeled "the resource-advantage research tradition" and offer it as an appropriate grounding for purchasing strategy, in particular, and supply chain management, in general. [source] SIMONE WEIL'S CONCEPT OF GRACE1MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2009BARTOMEU ESTELRICH This article explores three models used by Simone Weil to describe the concept of grace. In these models grace is depicted as a divine movement that (a) persuades the person to look for transcendent unity behind contradictions; that (b) redirects human attention to God; and that (c) transforms the soul through a process of passivity and waiting. By analyzing the differences and similarities of these three models and by connecting them to two geometric figures (triangle and cross), this article points out the noetic, cosmological, theological, phenomenological, and mystical implications of Weil's philosophy. [source] The one-commodity pickup-and-delivery traveling salesman problem: Inequalities and algorithmsNETWORKS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Hipólito Hernández-Pérez Abstract This article concerns the "One-commodity Pickup-and-Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem" (1-PDTSP), in which a single vehicle of fixed capacity must either pick up or deliver known amounts of a single commodity to a given list of customers. It is assumed that the product collected from the pickup customers can be supplied to the delivery customers, and that the initial load of the vehicle leaving the depot can be any quantity. The problem is to find a minimum-cost sequence of the customers in such a way that the vehicle's capacity is never exceeded. This article points out a close connection between the 1-PDTSP and the classical "Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem" (CVRP), and it presents new inequalities for the 1-PDTSP adapted from recent inequalities for the CVRP. These inequalities have been implemented in a branch-and-cut framework to solve to optimality the 1-PDTSP that outperforms a previous algorithm (Hernández-Pérez and Salazar-González, Discrete Appl Math 145 (2004), 126,139). Larger instances (with up to 100 customers) are now solved to optimality. The classical "Traveling Salesman Problem with Pickups and Deliveries" (TSPPD) is a particular case of the 1-PDTSP, and this observation gives an additional motivation for this article. The here-proposed algorithm for the 1-PDTSP was able to solve to optimality TSPPD instances with up to 260 customers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(4), 258,272 2007 [source] Educators and Armaments in Cold War AmericaPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2009Charles L. DeBenedetti This essay was written prior to the end of the Cold War. It may very well be the last scholarly essay that peace movement historian Charles DeBenedetti wrote prior to his death. Charles sent it to me in 1984, and for many years it was kept in one of my files. It is a historical commentary about the nuclear arms race based upon a thorough reading of education journals. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that in the very early years of the Cold War educators paid particular attention to the militarization of society and the construction of weapons of mass destruction. What is most telling is that from 1945 to the early 1950s concerned teachers voiced their worries regarding a race between catastrophe and education. However, by 1953, educators had dropped out of the race, falling victim to McCarthyism and the national government's concern for civil defense. This scholarly article points out that educators had a responsibility to teach the public about the horrors of nuclear armaments as an overwhelming threat and danger to humankind, but failed to do so as prosperity and government pressure silenced their voices. By the time of Sputnik in 1957, DeBenedetti tells us, they considered "nuclear weaponry as the very symbol of the uncharted ocean that separated advancing scientific and technological revolutions from the hoary human politics that made for an intractable Cold War." How can educators today rekindle that awareness and replace complacency with determination? What historical lessons can peace educators today learn from DeBenedetti's research on peace educators of the Cold War period? [source] Project management models as value creatorsPROJECT MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Pernille Eskerod Abstract Based on findings from five case studies, we discuss benefits obtained by using a common project management model. The case studies are part of an international research project aimed at determining the value of project management. All five companies applied a customized project management model. The five models are presented, and their characteristics, similarities, and differences are discussed. Based on interviews and comparisons with literature, the values obtained are identified. The values relate to efficiency, legitimacy, power and control, and stakeholder satisfaction. Further, the article points to necessary preconditions (both technical and human factors) in order to harvest the values. [source] More Regulation of Industry-Supported Biomedical Research: Are We Asking the Right Questions?THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 3 2009Sigrid Fry-Revere Industry-sponsored biomedical research is under the microscope. In an attempt to achieve just results in extraordinary cases, critics are suggesting regulations that would pervert the U.S. clinical trial process. However, the arguments made to justify such regulation are weak at best. All the proposals to regulate industry sponsorship of clinical trials that we surveyed (over a hundred articles and ten books, most written in the past decade) suffer from some form of fallacious reasoning. In the interest of advocating sound policy, this article points out some of the most common reasoning errors found in the literature on financial conflicts of interest in clinical trials. [source] Where Is the Future in Public Health?THE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010HILARY GRAHAM Context: Today's societies have far-reaching impacts on future conditions for health. Against this backdrop, this article explores how the future is represented in contemporary public health, examining both its conceptual base and influential approaches through which evidence is generated for policy. Methods: Mission statements and official reviews provide insight into how the future is represented in public health's conceptual and ethical foundations. For its research practices, the article takes examples from epidemiological, intervention, and economic research, selecting risk-factor epidemiology, randomized controlled trials, and economic evaluation as exemplars. Findings: Concepts and ethics suggest that public health research and policy will be concerned with protecting both today's and tomorrow's populations from conditions that threaten their health. But rather than facilitating sustained engagement with future conditions and future health, exemplary approaches to gathering evidence focus on today's population. Thus, risk-factor epidemiology pinpoints risks in temporal proximity to the individual; controlled trials track short-term effects of interventions on the participants' health; and economic evaluations weigh policies according to their value to the current population. While their orientation to the present and near future aligns well with the compressed timescales for policy delivery on which democratic governments tend to work, it makes it difficult for the public health community to direct attention to conditions for future health. Conclusions: This article points to the need for research perspectives and practices that, consistent with public health's conceptual and ethical foundations, represent the interests of both tomorrow's and today's populations. [source] HERCULES IN ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART: MASCULINE LABOUR AND HOMOEROTIC LIBIDOART HISTORY, Issue 5 2008PATRICIA SIMONS Hercules was an exemplar of moral and civic virtue when represented in Italian Renaissance art. How he embodied masculinity, however, has not been explored. A popular but complicated figure, he visualized the burdens and tensions of idealized masculinity. By examining his battle against desire, as represented in his struggle with Antaeus, this article points to multivalence and varying receptions, from moralizing allegory to erotic fantasy. It concentrates on imagery from the ,Florentine Picture Chronicle', Pollaiuolo, Mantegna and his circle, and Michelangelo. [source] | ||||||||||||||||