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Permanent Anterior Teeth (permanent + anterior_tooth)
Selected AbstractsThe unmet treatment need of traumatized anterior teeth in selected secondary school children in Ibadan, NigeriaDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Mojirade Deborah Ajayi The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of damage to permanent anterior teeth in school adolescents, the average duration of trauma and to ascertain the level of the unmet treatment need. A total of 1532 secondary school children between the ages 12 and 19 years participated in the study. They were randomly selected from public secondary schools in five local government areas in Ibadan using a multistage sampling method. Participants were examined with the aid of mouth mirrors and probes under natural light. Traumatic anterior dental injuries were recorded by the same investigator (DMA) according to WHO classification. One hundred and sixty-five participants sustained injuries to their anterior teeth. Their mean age was 15.47 ± 2.09 years, with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The commonest cause was fall (78.8%) with road traffic accident being the least (1.8%). The tooth most commonly injured is the upper left incisor (48.0%) closely followed by upper right central (43.1%). Enamel fracture was seen in 46.5% and enamel,dentine in 42.6% of the traumatized teeth. Most (79.4%) of the children sustained injury to one tooth only. Of the participants, only 30 (18.2%) had previous dental consultation while only nine (5.5%) consulted the dentist following the trauma; however, none of the teeth had any form of restoration. Average time elapsed between trauma and dental examination was about 3.5 years. Many participants had had injury for about 2 years before dental examination. In conclusion, there is a high unmet treatment need of traumatized anterior teeth in the study population. [source] Interventions for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth: inducing a calcific barrier & root strengtheningDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Mohammad A. D. Al Ansary This systematic review attempts to establish where the effects of interventions using multi-visit apexification, single visit apical plug techniques and root strengthening procedures are consistent and where they may vary significantly. Objectives:, To evaluate the relative effectiveness of apexification and apical plug techniques as well as root strengthening procedures for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Reported immediate and/or long-term adverse events and effects of the materials and techniques are also evaluated. Search strategy & selection criteria:, Structured electronic and hand search was performed with no restriction on the language of publication. Only randomized controlled trials comparing different apical barrier formation techniques and root strengthening procedures in traumatized necrotic immature anterior teeth were assessed. Results:, Two hundred studies were identified but only two were suitable for inclusion. Included studies investigated multi-visit apexification techniques using calcium hydroxide and tricalcium phosphate. There were no eligible studies investigating root strengthening procedures or any other intervention for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth. No reliable information was available on long-term adverse effects of the reported interventions or cost implications. Conclusions:, Based on two included studies, there is weak evidence supporting the use of either calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth employing multi-visit apexification techniques. The evidence is insufficient to provide guidelines for practice. There was no reliable evidence on adverse events or long-term effects after the use of calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate justifying caution in their use in apical barrier formation techniques. [source] Risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian schoolchildrenDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Evelyne Pessoa Soriano Abstract,,, The aim of this pilot study was to analyse whether overjet, lip coverage and obesity represented risk factors associated with the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent anterior teeth of schoolchildren in Recife, Brazil. It included a random sample of 116 boys and girls aged 12 years, attending both public and private schools. Data was collected through clinical examinations and interviews. Dental trauma was classified according to Andreasen's criteria (1994). Overjet was considered as risk factor when it presented values higher than 5 mm. Lip coverage was classified as adequate or inadequate, while obesity was considered according to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) procedures for the assessment of nutritional status. The prevalence of dental injuries was 23.3%. Boys experienced more injuries than girls, 30 and 16.1%, respectively (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between traumatic dental injuries and overjet (P < 0.05) and between traumatic dental injuries and lip coverage (P = 0.000). No statistical significant differences were found when obesity and dental trauma were analysed (P < 0.05). It was concluded that boys from lower social strata attending public schools, presenting an overjet size greater than 5 mm and an inadequate lip coverage, were more likely to have traumatic dental injuries in Recife, Brazil. Obesity was not a risk factor for dental trauma in this sample. [source] Prevalence of crown fractures in 8,10 years old schoolchildren in Canoas, BrazilDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Maximiano Ferreira Tovo Abstract,,, The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of children with crown fractures in permanent anterior teeth in 206 schoolchildren (104 girls and 102 boys) between the ages of 8 and 10 years, enrolled in three public schools in the city of Canoas, Brazil. The prevalence found was 17% with no significant difference between boys and girls, as well as between the ages. The most affected tooth was the maxillary central incisor, and a majority of the children showed only one affected tooth (88.6%). The types of fracture most commonly found were oblique and horizontal, and the portions of dental structures most affected were ,enamel only' and ,enamel and dentin'. Only seven children (20%) sought out dental treatment. [source] Treatment of intrinsic discoloration in permanent anterior teeth in children and adolescentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2001Alyson Wray The tenth National Clinical Guideline in Paediatric Dentistry is published here. The process of guideline production began in 1994, resulting in first publication in 1997. Each guideline has a nominated main author but the content is not a personal view; it represents rather a consensus of opinion of current best clinical practice. Each guideline has been circulated to all consultants in Paediatric Dentistry in the UK, to Council of BSPD, and to people of related specialities recognised to have expertise in the subject. The final version of the guideline is produced from a combination of this input and thorough review of published literature. The intention is to encourage improvement in clinical practice and to stimulate research and clinical audit in areas where scientific evidence is inadequate. Evidence underlying recommendations is scored according to the SIGN classification and guidelines should be read in this context. For those wishing for further detail, the process of guideline production in the UK is described in International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 1997; 7: 267,268. [source] TOOTH WHITENING IN CHILDRENJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2005K.J. Donly ABSTRACT Objective: This clinical study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of tooth whitening in children and adolescents, using a marketed, tray- based tooth-whitening system and a disposable polyethylene strip system. Materials and Methods: A study population of 106 children and adolescents, ages 11 to 18 years, participated in this study. There were 61 girls and 45 boys, with a mean age of 14.7 years. Subjects were divided into two experimental treatment groups, the groups being balanced with respect to demographic characteristics and baseline tooth color. All subjects had to have all permanent anterior teeth erupted, a baseline Vita shade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) score of A2 or darker, and the desire to whiten their teeth. One experimental group included 71 subjects who used a 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strip system (Crest Whitestrips Professional Strength, Procter & Gamble, Mason, OH, USA) for 30 minutes twice daily. The other experimental group included 35 subjects who used a 10% carbamide peroxide tray system (Opalescence, Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA) overnight. Subjects who had previously vital bleached their teeth, exhibited apparent caries or periodontal problems, had orthodontic appliances or anterior restorations, or reported dentin hypersensitivity were excluded. The study population was treated in two separate cohorts, by two independent investigations, to minimize the effects of examiner bias. Digital images were collected for all subjects at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, with the maxillary and mandibular arches being treated separately for 4-week intervals. An oral examination was conducted at baseline and at all recall intervals. Subjects reported any adverse events in interviews. Color change was calculated from digital images where L* indicated lightness, a* redness, and b* yellowness. Comparisons between the two experimental groups were made using a two-sided analysis of covariance with a 5% significance level. Results: Both experimental systems exhibited significant (p < .001) tooth-whitening improvement relative to the baseline. Color change was greater in the maxillary teeth than in the mandibular teeth for both systems evaluated. The color change for maxillary teeth was not significantly different between the two systems evaluated; however, the tray system demonstrated significantly (p < .05) greater toothwhitening effectiveness for the mandibular teeth. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated. Minor tooth sensitivity and oral irritation were the most commonly reported adverse events, being reported by 49% of the subjects assigned to the strip group and 43% of the subjects in the tray group. All reported that adverse events were relieved immediately upon discontinuance of product use. Conclusion: The 6.5% hydrogen peroxide gel strips and the 10% carbamide peroxide gel delivered overnight in customized trays effectively whitened teeth, and both treatment regimens were well tolerated. [source] CLINICAL TRIALS ON THE USE OF WHITENING STRIPS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTSJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2005K.J. Donly ABSTRACT Objective: This article reported the cumulative findings from three controlled, randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tooth whitening in children and adolescents using disposable polyethylene strip systems. Materials and Methods: The study population included 132 children and adolescents, ages 10 to 18 years. (Please note that 71 of these subjects were identified in the previous review.) Fifty-three percent of the subjects were female and 47% were male, with a mean age of 14.4 years. Subjects were divided into experimental treatment groups by balancing groups with respect to demographic characteristics and baseline tooth colors. Subiects were treated with either 5.3% or 6.5% hydrogen peroxide gel polyethylene strips. All subjects had to have all permanent anterior teeth erupted, a baseline Vita shade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) score of A2 or darker, and a desire that their teeth be whitened. One study included subjects who had previously received comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Digital images were collected for all subjects at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Oral examinations and interviews were conducted at each appointment to evaluate adverse events. Color change was calculated from the digital images in the same manner previously described. Results: The 5.3% and 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strips used for 30 minutes twice a day yielded significant tooth whitening (p < .0001) after 14 days. For the primary whitening parameter, ,b*, continued treatment during the 14- to 28-day period resulted in significant additional reduction in yellowness (p < .0001). Subjects treated with 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strips experienced significantly (p < .03) greater reduction in yellowness (approximately 0.8 ,b* units) compared with those who used the 5.3 hydrogen peroxide strips. The hydrogen peroxide strips were tolerated well in all of these studies, with minor tooth sensitivity and oral irritation being the primary complaints. Eighteen subjects (14%) reported oral irritation, whereas 30 subjects (23%) reported tooth sensitivity. All adverse events were relieved upon discontinuance of product use. Conclusion: The 5.3% and 6.5% hydrogen peroxide gel strips used for 30 minutes twice a day effectively whitened teeth, and both regimens were well tolerated. [source] Non-carious cervical lesions on permanent anterior teeth: a new morphological classificationAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010JA Michael Abstract Background:, Various cross-sectional forms of non-carious cervical lesions have been described but no formal morphological classification system has been developed. The aims of this study were to describe the spectrum of common morphological forms of non-carious cervical lesions observed within a large sample of extracted human permanent anterior teeth and to develop a system for classification based on morphological features. Methods:, Over 15,000 extracted permanent anterior teeth were examined macroscopically under illumination at 2× magnification. Well-defined, descriptive categories were formed, based on observable non-carious cervical lesion features and using terminology currently reported in the literature. The lesions were then sorted into these categories. Results:, Five hundred and forty-two non-carious cervical lesions were identified on 15,289 teeth extracted in the early to mid 20th century, representing a frequency of 3.5%. The main categories developed were "shallow", "concave", "wedge-shaped", "notched", and "irregular". Conclusions:, The new morphological classification system provides an alternative to presently used systems based on aetiology, and should facilitate future research on non-carious cervical lesions. [source] Non-carious cervical lesions: a scanning electron microscopic studyAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010JA Michael Abstract Background:, Examining non-carious cervical lesions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides an opportunity to clarify their complex aetiology. This study aimed to examine the morphological forms of non-carious cervical lesions found within a sample of extracted human permanent anterior teeth using scanning electron microscopy. Methods:, Five examples of non-carious cervical lesions from each of eight different morphologic categories were replicated and examined using scanning electron microscopy. Results:, In total, 40 non-carious cervical lesions were examined at magnifications ranging from 10× to 2605× magnification. Qualitative ultrastructural features evident in the lesions were described and classified according to their appearance. A total of 13 different qualitative features were observed throughout the sample of NCCLs. Conclusions:, SEM highlighted a broad range of microscopic features of NCCLs, providing valuable insights into their complex, multifactorial aetiology. [source] | ||||||||||