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Pertinent Questions (pertinent + question)
Selected AbstractsREVIEW ARTICLE: Cortical control of eye and head movements: integration of movements and perceptsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 5 2007L. Longtang Chen Abstract The cortical control of eye movements is well known. It remains unclear, however, as to how the eye fields of the frontal lobes generate and coordinate eye and head movements. Here, we review the recent advances in electrical stimulation studies and evaluate relevant models. As electrical stimulation is conducted in head-unrestrained, behaving subjects with the evoked eye and head movements sometimes being indistinguishable from natural gaze shifts, a pertinent question becomes whether these movements are evoked by motor programs or sensory percepts. Recent stimulation studies in the visual cortex and the eye fields of the frontal lobes have begun to bring both possibilities to light. In addition, cognitive variables often interact with behavioral states that can affect movements evoked by stimulation. Identifying and controlling these variables are critical to our understanding of experimental results based on electrically evoked movements. This understanding is needed before one can draw inferences from such results to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying natural and complex movements. [source] Rosamond's complaint: Daniel, Ovid, and the purpose of poetryRENAISSANCE STUDIES, Issue 3 2008Stephen Guy-Bray ABSTRACT Samuel Daniel's The Complaint of Rosamond was first published in 1592 as the second half of Daniel's first book. In this poem, the ghost of Henry II's mistress Rosamond appears to Daniel to commission a poem. Daniel's precedents for his poem are the complaint poems written in the late 1580s and early 1590s and, ultimately, Ovid's Heroides. The Heroides provide a female perspective on love stories usually told from the male point of view; they are also hopelessly belated texts that have no effect on the narratives to which they contribute. For Daniel, the Heroides are a useful precedent as they allow him to raise questions about the effect of poetry. Can poetry do or change anything? This is an especially pertinent question for Daniel, whose sonnet sequence Delia chronicles the speaker's repeated failure to make any impression on the hard heart of the woman he loves. Related to this is a second question: is poetry justified if its end is immoral? The Complaint of Rosamond functions as a comment both on the Heroides themselves and on Daniel's own sense of himself as a poet. [source] IS GLOBAL ETHICS MORAL NEO-COLONIALISM?BIOETHICS, Issue 6 2007AN INVESTIGATION OF THE ISSUE IN THE CONTEXT OF BIOETHICS ABSTRACT This paper considers the possibility and desirability of global ethics in light of the claim that ,global ethics' in any form is not global, but simply the imposition of one form of local ethics , Western ethics , and, as such, a form of moral neo-colonialism. The claim that any form of global ethics is moral neo-colonialism is outlined using the work of a group of ,developing world bioethicists' who are sceptical of the possibility of global ethics. The work of virtue ethicists is then introduced and compared to the position of the developing world bioethicists in order to show that the divide between ,Western' and ,non-Western' ethics is exaggerated. The final section of the paper turns to the practical arena and considers the question of global ethics in light of practical issues in bioethics. The paper concludes that practical necessity is driving the creation of global ethics and thus the pertinent question is no longer ,Whether global ethics?', but ,Why global ethics?'. [source] The use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of chronic woundsDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 6 2006Robert Hernandez ABSTRACT:, The role of microorganisms in the etiology and persistence of chronic wounds remains poorly understood. The chronic wound bed houses a complex microenvironment that typically includes more than one bacterial species. Difficulty lies in determining when the presence of bacteria impedes wound healing, thereby warranting intervention. Indications for antibiotic therapy and optimal treatment regimens are ill defined. The goal of this article is to describe the appropriate role of systemic antibiotics in the management of chronic wounds. A common sense approach will be offered based on six clinically pertinent questions: ,,Is infection present? ,,Are systemic antibiotics necessary? ,,Should treatment be enteral or parenteral? ,,What antibiotic or combination of antibiotics should be used? ,,What should be the duration of therapy? ,,What special circumstances are present (i.e., concomitant illnesses, potential drug,drug interactions) that can impact therapy? [source] Defining the patient at high risk for melanomaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Estee L. Psaty BA In this practical review, we aim to help clinicians identify patients who are at significant risk of developing malignant melanoma. Universal screening is challenging, thus it is important to effectively single out patients who have a high risk of developing the disease. We provide a summary of pertinent questions to review when taking the patient's history, point out the phenotypic features to note during skin examination, and suggest risk stratification as a means to plan initial and long-term surveillance strategy. We mention personal and family history of melanoma as prime risk factors for melanoma, yet the review also focuses on the patient who has no history of melanoma, either in himself or his family, and the proper ways to evaluate his likelihood of developing the disease. [source] Urban-Rural Mortality Differentials: An Unresolved DebatePOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 1 2003Robert Woods Historians and demographers have long debated the existence, causes, and consequences of historical differences between urban and rural mortality levels. In Europe it has been usual to observe excess mortality in cities compared to the countryside, but in East Asia, by contrast, it has been found that urban areas had relatively favorable mortality environments. The debate continues because a number of pertinent questions remain to be resolved. For example, the way in which mortality is measured may influence the apparent extent of the differential, as may the way in which"urban" and"rural" are defined. Cultural factors need to be taken into account, including the practices of childrearing and the conventions surrounding baptism. Examples drawn from Japan, China, England, and France illustrate the issues involved in comparative analysis, while the urban-rural mortality continuum is examined for nineteenth-century England and Wales using log-normal distributions. [source] Atomic force microscopy: A powerful molecular toolkit in nanoproteomicsPROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 24 2009Yves F. DufrêneArticle first published online: 7 OCT 200 Abstract Analysing microbial cell surface proteins is a challenging task in current microbial proteomic research, which has major implications for drug design, vaccine development, and microbial monitoring. In this context, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has recently emerged has a powerful characterization platform, providing valuable insights into the surface proteome of microbial cells. The aim of this article is to show how advanced AFM techniques, that all have in common functionalization of the AFM tip with specific molecules, can be used to answer pertinent questions related to surface-associated proteins, such as what is their spatial arrangement on the cell surface, and what are the forces driving their interaction with the environment? [source] Morphology and origin of major Cenozoic sequence boundaries in the eastern North Sea Basin: top Eocene, near-top Oligocene and the mid-Miocene unconformityBASIN RESEARCH, Issue 1 2001M. Huuse Unconformities in sedimentary successions (i.e. sequence boundaries) form in response to the interplay between a variety of factors such as eustasy, climate, tectonics and basin physiography. Unravelling the origin of sequence boundaries is thus one of the most pertinent questions in the analysis of sedimentary basins. We address this question by focusing on three of the most marked physical discontinuities (sequence boundaries) in the Cenozoic North Sea Basin: top Eocene, near-top Oligocene and the mid-Miocene unconformity. The Eocene/Oligocene transition is characterized by an abrupt increase in sediment supply from southern Norway and by minor erosion of the basin floor. The near-top Oligocene and the mid-Miocene unconformity are characterized by major changes in sediment input directions and by widespread erosion along their clinoform breakpoints. The mid-Miocene shift in input direction was followed by a marked increase in sediment supply to the southern and central North Sea Basin. Correlation with global ,18O records suggests that top Eocene correlates with a major long-term ,18O increase (inferred climatic cooling and eustatic fall). Near-top Oligocene does not correlate with any major ,18O events, while the mid-Miocene unconformity correlates with a gradual decrease followed by a major long-term increase in ,18O values The abrupt increases in sediment supply in post-Eocene and post-middle Miocene time correlate with similar changes worldwide and with major ,18O increases, suggesting a global control (i.e. climate and eustasy) of the post-Eocene sedimentation in the North Sea Basin. Erosional features observed at near-top Oligocene and at the mid-Miocene unconformity are parallel to the clinoform breakpoints and resemble scarps formed by mass wasting. Incised valleys have not been observed, indicating that sea level never fell significantly below the clinoform breakpoint during the Oligocene to middle Miocene. [source] | |||||||||||||