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Periodontally Healthy Subjects (periodontally + healthy_subject)
Selected AbstractsDaytime variations of interleukin-1, in gingival crevicular fluidEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2008Angela Bergmann Interleukin-1, (IL-1,) is an important parameter in periodontal research because of its role in inflammation and bone resorption. One measure used to assess local IL-1, concentrations is analysis of its levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). While studies on serum IL-1, concentrations indicate a circadian rhythm of this parameter, nothing is known about daytime variations of IL-1, in GCF. The present study thus aimed to analyse such variations. Daytime variations of GCF-IL-1, between 08:00 and 22:00 h were assessed, with a time resolution of 2 h, in 28 periodontally healthy subjects. The data showed a significant variation throughout the day, with the lowest concentrations and total amounts in the morning and the highest in the evening. The effect sizes of comparisons between morning and evening samples were medium to high and corresponded in magnitude to those reported in other published research comparing healthy sites and those affected by periodontitis. The smallest daytime variations were found to occur between 12:00 h and 18:00 h. It is concluded that daytime variations in GCF-IL-1, are large enough to be able to mimic or mask differences caused by clinical factors. [source] Post-treatment effects of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-,1 in severe, generalized chronic periodontitisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2008A Gürkan Abstract:, Objective:, Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 3-month adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) on clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-,1) levels in chronic periodontitis patients over 12 months. Methods:, Thirty-five patients with severe, generalized periodontitis participated in the present randomized, placebo-controlled study. Patients received scaling and root planing (SRP) plus 3 months adjunctive SDD or placebo. Clinical measurements and GCF sampling were performed at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Eleven periodontally healthy subjects served as controls for GCF TGF-,1 analysis. Results:, Clinical parameters of both SDD and placebo groups significantly improved during the study (P < 0.0125). SDD group exhibited significantly higher PD reduction at deep sites (baseline PD ,7 mm) compared with placebo group at 6 months (P < 0.05). In SDD group significantly higher percentage of deep pockets resolved (PD reduction ,3 mm from baseline) when compared with placebo group at 6 and 9 months (73.4% versus 49.7%; 79.9% versus 50.6%, respectively, P < 0.05). PD reduction ,4 mm for deep pockets from baseline was also greater in SDD group than placebo at 6 months (53.4% versus 36.3%, P < 0.05). GCF TGF-,1 levels of SDD group was significantly higher than baseline (P < 0.0125) and placebo group (P < 0.017) at 3 months. Conclusions:, These results ensure further data for beneficial effects of adjunctive SDD therapy in the management of severe chronic periodontitis. [source] Reduction of vitamin K concentration by salivary Bifidobacterium strains and their possible nutritional competition with Porphyromonas gingivalisJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2007K. Hojo Abstract Aims:, To assess the possibility that bifidobacteria compete with Porphyromonas gingivalis for their mutual growth factor vitamin K. This study also examined whether salivary Bifidobacterium species decrease vitamin K concentration in the growth medium. Methods and Results:, Sixty-five strains of Bifidobacterium were obtained from 20 of 24 periodontally healthy subjects. Bifidobacterium dentium was most frequently detected in the saliva of subjects, followed by Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium urinalis. The growth of most Bifidobacterium isolates, except that of B. urinalis, was stimulated by vitamin K. Moreover, the isolates were capable of decreasing vitamin K after incubation, which suggests that bifidobacteria compete with P. gingivalis for vitamin K. In a co-culture, a representative strain ,B. adolescentis S2-1 , inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis if it was inoculated in the medium before P. gingivalis. Conclusions:,B. adolescentis S2-1 decreased vitamin K concentration and inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis by possibly competing for the growth factor. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Salivary bifidobacteria may possess the potential to suppress the growth of P. gingivalis by reducing the growth factor(s) in the environment. [source] Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2010Leonardo Trombelli Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1, levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 697-704 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01573.x. Abstract Aims: To evaluate the interleukin-1, (IL-1,) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1, concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B+3954 and IL-1B,511 gene polymorphisms. Results: (i) GCF IL-1, concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1, detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1, concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B+3954 genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1, was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. Conclusions: Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1, levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype. [source] TLR2 Arg753Gly, TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms are not associated with chronic periodontitis in a Turkish populationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Afig Berdeli Abstract Aim: Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene polymorphisms could affect the host's ability to respond to microbial pathogens. In this case,control study, the association of TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis (CP) was investigated. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of 83 patients with CP and 106 periodontally healthy subjects. The TLR2 Arg753Gly, Arg677Trp and TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The data were analysed by a ,2 test, logistic regression analysis and the Mann,Whitney U test. Results: The 753Gln allele was found in 6.1% of the CP patients as compared with 6.6% in the control group (p>0.05). The frequency of the 299Gly and 399Ile allele was 2.4% and 1.8% in CP patients. For the healthy subjects, the frequency was 2.8% for the 299Gly and 2.5% for the 399Ile allele (p>0.05). None of the CP patients or healthy subjects showed homozygosity for the TLR2 and TLR4 alleles. Percentage of sites with bleeding on probing and plaque were significantly higher in 299Gly-positive patients compared with 299Gly-negative patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results showed that the TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms studied are not associated with susceptibility to CP in Turkish patients. [source] Gene polymorphisms of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in Turkish patients with generalized aggressive periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Gülnur Emingil Abstract Aim: Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have important roles in proteolytic events in periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate TPA and PAI-1 gene polymorphisms in relation to susceptibility to generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of 90 G-AgP patients and 154 periodontally healthy subjects. 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region of the PAI-1 gene and Alu-repeat insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 8 of the TPA gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. Results: The genotype distributions of TPA and PAI-1 genes were similar between G-AgP and healthy subjects (p>0.05). The distribution of TPA genotypes in G-AgP patients was 33.4% D/D, 44.4% I/D, and 22.2% I/I and was 26.3% D/D, 40.4% I/D, and 33.3% I/I in healthy subjects. The D allele was 55.6% in G-AgP and 46.6% in healthy subjects. There was a significant difference among study groups in D allele frequencies (p=0.044). The PAI-1 genotype distribution in G-AgP was 29.1% 4G/4G, 43.0% 4G/5G, and 27.9% 5G/5G, while it was 35.7% 4G/4G, 43.8% 4G/5G, and 20.5% 5G/5G in healthy subjects. Conclusion: These data suggest that the D polymorphic allele of TPA gene polymorphism could be associated with susceptibility to G-AgP in Turkish subjects. [source] Evaluation of t-PA, PAI-2, IL-1, and PGE2 in gingival crevicular fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients with periodontal diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2006Abstract Aims: This study was undertaken to compare periodontal conditions, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), interleukin-1, (IL-1,), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and control groups. Methods: Twenty-three RA patients, 17 systemically healthy patients with periodontal disease (PD), and 17 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects were recruited. GCF samples were obtained from two single-rooted teeth. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at six sites/tooth. GCF samples were analysed using relevant ELISA kits. Data were tested statistically by appropriate tests. Results: Total amounts of t-PA, PAI-2 and PGE2 in GCF samples of the healthy control group were significantly lower than the other groups (p<0.05). The RA group exhibited a higher total amount of t-PA in GCF samples than the PD group (p<0.05). PAI-2, IL-1, and PGE2 total amounts were similar in RA and PD groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The coexistence of RA and periodontitis does not seem to affect clinical periodontal findings or systemic markers of RA. Similar inflammatory mediator levels in RA and PD groups, despite the long-term usage of corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, suggest that RA patients may have a propensity to overproduce these inflammatory mediators. [source] Gingival crevicular fluid laminin-5 ,2-chain levels in periodontal diseaseJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Gülnur Emingil Abstract Aim: Our study aimed to examine the molecular forms and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of laminin-5 ,2-chain in patients with different periodontal disease, and compare the effects of P.gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase on intact laminin-5 ,2-chain species. Methods: Eighteen patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 29 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 with gingivitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment loss, presence of bleeding on probing and plaque were recorded. Molecular forms and GCF laminin-5 ,2-chain levels and the effects of P. gingivalis trypsin-like proteinase on intact laminin-5 ,2-chain were analysed by computer-quantitated Western immunoblotting. Results: Laminin-5 ,2-chain 40 and 70 kDa fragments could be detected in all groups, in varying levels. The CP group had elevated GCF laminin-5 ,2-chain fragment levels compared with the gingivitis and healthy groups (p<0.008). The G-AgP group had GCF laminin-5 ,2-chain fragment levels similar to the gingivitis and healthy groups (p>0.008). GCF laminin-5 ,2-chain fragments differed clearly from the multiple lower molecular size fragments of P.gingivalis trypsin-laminin-5 ,2-chain proteinases. Conclusion: Increased GCF laminin-5 ,2-chain fragments in periodontitis sites with deep periodontal pocket suggest that these cleaved 40 and 70 kDa fragments could reflect the extent of the inflammatory reaction in CP. [source] Modulation of clinical expression of plaque-induced gingivitis: response in aggressive periodontitis subjectsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Leonardo Trombelli Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize the gingival inflammatory response to de novo plaque accumulation in subjects treated for aggressive periodontitis (AP). The gingival inflammatory response of the AP subjects was retrospectively compared with that of periodontally healthy individuals (PH) matched for exposure to plaque and of periodontally healthy subjects previously identified as "high responders" (HR) and "low responders" (LR). Materials and Methods: 13 AP subjects and 26 matched PH subjects participated in a 21-day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index (PlI), Gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded at days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Cumulative plaque exposure (CPE), i.e. PlI over time, was also calculated. Results: GCF was significantly higher in AP compared with PH group at each observation interval (p0.001). In addition, GCF was significantly higher in AP group compared with either LR or HR groups at each observation interval (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that susceptibility to gingival inflammation in response to de novo plaque accumulation may be related to susceptibility to periodontitis. [source] Bilaminar techniques for the treatment of recession-type defects.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 10 2003A comparative clinical study Abstract Objectives: Complete root coverage is the primary objective to be accomplished when treating gingival recessions in patients with aesthetic demands. Furthermore, in order to satisfy patient demands fully, root coverage should be accomplished by soft tissue, the thickness and colour of which should not be distinguishable from those of adjacent soft tissue. The aim of the present split-mouth study was to compare the treatment outcome of two surgical approaches of the bilaminar procedure in terms of (i) root coverage and (ii) aesthetic appearance of the surgically treated sites. Material and Methods: Fifteen young systemically and periodontally healthy subjects with two recession-type defects of similar depth affecting contralateral teeth in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla were enrolled in the study. All recessions fall into Miller class I or II. Randomization for test and control treatment was performed by coin toss immediately prior to surgery. All defects were treated with a bilaminar surgical technique: differences between test and control sites resided in the size, thickness and positioning of the connective tissue graft. The clinical re-evaluation was made 1 year after surgery. Results: The two bilaminar techniques resulted in a high percentage of root coverage (97.3% in the test and 94.7% in the control group) and complete root coverage (gingival margin at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)) (86.7% in the test and 80% in the control teeth), with no statistically significant difference between them. Conversely, better aesthetic outcome and post-operative course were indicated by the patients for test compared to control sites. Conclusions: The proposed modification of the bilaminar technique improved the aesthetic outcome. The reduced size and minimal thickness of connective tissue graft, together with its positioning apical to the CEJ, facilitated graft coverage by means of the coronally advanced flap. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die vollständige Deckung der Wurzeloberfläche ist das primäre Ziel, das bei der Therapie von fazialen Rezessionen bei Patienten mit ästhetischen Ansprüchen erreicht werden soll. Weiterhin sollte die Rezessionsdeckung, wenn sie den Ansprüchen des Patienten vollends entsprechen soll, mit einer Dicke und Farbe der Gingiva erreicht werden, die nicht vom benachbarten Gewebe zu unterscheiden sind. Zielsetzung: Vergleich der Therapieergebnisse von 2 chirurgischen Varianten der zweischichtigen Technik im Halbseitenversuch hinsichtlich (1) Rezessionsdeckung und (2) ästhetischer Erscheinung der chirurgisch behandelten Stellen. Material und Methoden: 15 junge und parodontal gesunde Personen mit jeweils 2 Rezessionsdefekten ähnlicher Größe an kontralateralen Zähnen im ästhetischen Bereich des Oberkiefers wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Alle Rezessionen gehörten in die Miller-Klassen I oder II. Die Randomisierung für die Test- und Kontrollbehandlung erfolgte unmittelbar präoperativ durch Münzwurf. Alle Defekte wurden nach einer zweischichtigen chirurgischen Technik behandelt: Die Unterschiede zwischen Test- und Kontrollstellen bestanden in Größe, Dicke und Positionierung des Bindegewebstransplantates. Die klinische Nachuntersuchung erfolgte 1 Jahr postoperativ. Ergebnisse: Beide zweischichtigen Techniken führten zu einem hohen Prozentsatz von Wurzeldeckung (Test: 97,3%; Kontrolle: 94,7%) und kompletter Wurzeldeckung (Gingivarand an der Schmelz-Zement-Grenze [SZG]) (Test: 86,7%; Kontrolle: 80%) ohne statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Gruppen. Allerdings wurden mit der Testtherapie bessere ästhetische Ergebnisse erzielt als mit der Kontrollbehandlung. Schlussfolgerung: Die vorgestellte Modifikation der zweischichtigen Technik verbesserte die ästhetischen Ergebnisse. Die reduzierte Größe und minimale Dicke des Bindegewebstransplantates zusammen mit seiner Positionierung apikal der SZG erleichterten eine Deckung mittels eines koronalen Verschiebelappens. Résumé Objectif: Un recouvrement complet de la racine est le premier objectif lorsque l'on traite des récessions gingivales chez les patients ayant une demande esthétique. De plus, afin de satisfaire totalement la demande du patient, cette couverture radiculaire doit aussi être réalisé par des tissus mous de couleur et d'épaisseur qui ne se distinguent pas des tissus mous adjacents. Le but de cette étude en bouche séparée était de comparer le devenir de deux approches chirurgicales de la technique bilaminaire pour (i) le recouvrement de la racine et (ii) l'apparence esthétique des sites traités chirurgicalement. Matériel et Méthodes: 15 sujets jeunes et indemnes de maladie parodontale et systèmique présentant deux récessions de profondeur similaires sur des dents contralatérales dans des zones esthétiques du maxillaire furent enrollés dans cette étude. Toutes les récessions étaient des classes I ou II de Miller. La répartition pour les traitements test ou contrôle fut tirée à pile ou face juste avant la chirurgie. Toutes les lésions furent traitées par la technique bilaminaire, la différence entre les groupes résidant dans la taille, l'épaisseur et le positionnement du greffon de tissus conjonctif. La réévaluation clinique fut faite un an après la chirurgie. Résultats: Les deux techniques bilaminaires ont entrainé un fort pourcentage de recouvrement radiculaire (97.3% pour le groupe test et 94.7% pour le groupe contrôle) et le recouvrement complet (gencive marginale au niveau de la CEJ) (86.7% dans le groupe test et 80% pour le groupe contrôle) sans différence statistiquement significative entre elles. Par contre, un meilleur rendu esthétique et suites post opératoires furent rapportés par les patients pour le traitement test. Conclusions: La modification proposée de cette technique bilaminaire améliore le devenir esthétique. La taille réduite et l'épaisseur minimale greffon conjonctif et son positionnement apical au CEJ, ont facilité le recouvrement du greffon par le lambeau déplacé coronairement. [source] HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from chronic adult periodontitis patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2003A case, control study Abstract Background: Recent reports have suggested that various herpesviruses may be involved in the occurrence and progression of different forms of periodontal disease. Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of the novel herpesviruses HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis. As control, gingival biopsies from periodontally healthy subjects were analysed. Materials and methods: Gingival biopsies were harvested from 23 volunteers: 13 patients affected by chronic adult periodontitis (CAP) and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Each CAP patient contributed two biopsies involving the epithelium and connective tissue facing the sulcus/periodontal pockets: one biopsy from a site having a probing pocket depth (PPD) 5 mm and presenting with bleeding upon probing (affected site) at the time of biopsy collection, and the other biopsy from a site with PPD3 mm and without bleeding on probing (nonaffected site). After DNA extraction, nested PCR was used in herpesvirus identification. Results: HHV-6 DNA sequences were detected in one non-affected site (8%) and no affected sites (0%) of CAP patients. One biopsy (10%) in healthy subjects revealed HHV-6 positivity. Tissue specimens in 10/13 CAP patients (77%) and 7/10 healthy subjects (70%) contained HHV-7 DNA. HHV-7 prevalence in affected and nonaffected sites of CAP patients was 77% and 54%, respectively. HHV-8 was detected in 7.7% of CAP patients and 0% of healthy subjects. Conclusions: Gingival tissue may act as a reservoir for HHV-7. A high prevalence of HHV-7 was detected in both periodontally diseased and healthy individuals. The prevalence of HHV-6 and -8 was similarly low in both groups. Our data do not support an association of investigated herpesvirus species with destructive periodontal disease. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Kürzliche Studien haben angedeutet, dass verschiedene Herpesviren bei der Entstehung und Progression verschiedener Formen der parodontalen Erkrankungen involviert sein könnten. Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung einer Präsenz von neuen Herpesviren HHV-6, HHV-7 und HHV-8 in gingivalen Biopsien von Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis. Als Kontrollen dienten gingivale Biopsien von parodontal gesunden Personen. Material und Methoden: Gingivale Biopsien wurden von 23 Freiwilligen, 13 Patienten mit chronischer Erwachsenen-Parodontitis (CAP) und 10 parodontal gesunden Personen gesammelt. Von jedem CAP Patient wurden zwei Biopsien mit Epithel und Bindegewebe von der parodontalen Tasche genommen: eine Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer Sondierungstiefe (PPD) , 5 mm und positiver Provokationsblutung (geschädigte Fläche) zur Zeit der Biopsieentnahme, die andere Biopsie von einer Fläche mit einer PPD , 3 mm und ohne Provokationsblutung (nicht geschädigte Fläche). Nach der DNA-Extraktion wurde die PCR zur Virusidentifikation benutzt. Ergebnisse: HHV-6 DNA-Sequenzen wurden in einer nicht geschädigten Fläche gefunden (8 %) und bei keiner geschädigten Fläche (0 %) von CAP-Patienten. Eine Biopsie (10 %) bei gesunden Personen war HHV-6 positiv. Gewebeproben von 10/13 CAP Patienten (77 %) und von 7/10 gesunden Personen (70 %) enthielten HHV-7 DNA. Die HHV-7 Prävalenz in geschädigten und nicht geschädigten Flächen von CAP Patienten war 77 % und 54 %. HHV-8 wurde in 7,7 % der CAP Patienten und bei 0 % der gesunden Personen gefunden. Zusammenfassung: Gingivales Gewebe kann als Reservoir für HHV-7 dienen. Eine hohe Prävalenz von HHV-7 wurde sowohl bei parodontal erkrankten als auch bei gesunden Personen gefunden. Das Vorkommen von HHV-6 und HHV-8 war in beiden Gruppen ähnlich. Unsere Daten unterstützen eine Beziehung der untersuchten Herpesviren mit destruierenden parodontalen Erkrankungen nicht. Résumé Des rapports récents ont suggéré que différents virus de l'herpès pouvaient être associés à l'apparition et la progression de différentes formes de la maladie parodontale. Le but de l'étude présente a été d'analyser la présence des virus herpétiques HHV-6, HHV-7 et HHV-8 dans des biopsies gingivales provenant de patients atteints de parodontite chronique de l'adulte. Comme contrôle, des biopsies gingivales de patients sains du point de vue parodontal ont été analysées. Des biopsies gingivales ont été prélevées de 23 volontaires, 13 souffrant de parodontite chronique (CAP) et 10 sains. Chaque patient CAP procuraient deux biopsies comprenant l'épithélium et le tissu conjonctif en face des poches parodontales/sillons : une biopsie provenant d'un site avec une profondeur de poche au sondage (PPD) 5mm et présentant un saignement au sondage (site touché) au moment du prélèvement de la biopsie, l'autre biopsie provenait d'un site avec PPD 3 mm sans saignement au sondage (site sain). Après extraction de l'ADN le PCR a été utilisé pour l'identification des virus herpétiques. Des séquences ADN HHV-6 ont été détectées dans un site sain (8%) mais dans aucun site touché (0%) chez les patients CAP. Une biopsie (10%) chez les sujets sains était HHV-6 positive. Les spécimens tissulaires de dix des treize patients CAP (77%) et sept des dix patients sains (70%) avaient de l'ADNHHV-7. La fréquence globale de HHV-7 dans les sites sains et touchés des patients CAP étaient respectivement de 77 et 54 %. HHV-8 était détecté chez 7,7 % des patients CAP et 0% des patients sains. Le tissu gingival peut servir de réservoir au HHV-7. Une importante fréquence globale de HHV-7 était détectée tant chez les individus sains que chez ceux avec parodontite. La fréquence globale de HHV-6 et HHV-8 était pareillement faible dans les deux groupes. Ces données ne défendent pas la thèse d'une association des virus herpétiques étudiés à la maladie parodontale destructrice. [source] The presence of local and circulating autoreactive B cells in patients with advanced periodontitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Tord Berglundh Abstract Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to study the local (gingival) and systemic occurrence of autoreactive B cells (CD5+CD19 positive) in subjects with a high or low susceptibility to periodontitis. Material and Methods: 2 groups of subjects (Group A and B) susceptible to periodontitis were included. Group A consisted of 22 adult patients (7 females and 15 males, aged 24,66 years) with advanced and generalized chronic periodontitis and group B comprised 7 children (4 girls and 3 boys aged 9,13 years) with localized aggressive periodontitis. 26 periodontally healthy subjects, Group C (aged 23,80 years, mean 49.6±16.3), were also recruited. Assessment of clinical and radiographical characteristics of periodontal disease was performed. Gingival biopsies and peripheral blood samples were obtained and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. Blood samples only were obtained from the periodontally healthy subjects (group C). Results: The proportion of autoreactive B cells (CD5+CD19 positive) of peripheral blood lymphocytes was about 6 times higher in group A and 4 times higher in group B than in the samples from the control subjects (group C). About 40,50% of the B cells in the peripheral blood of the periodontitis susceptible individuals expressed markers for autoreactive features while less than 15% of the circulating B cells in the subjects of group C exhibited such markers. The periodontitis lesion in the adult periodontitis patients contained a substantial number of B cells out of which about 30% demonstrated autoreactive features. Conclusion: It is suggested that both circulating and local B cells in periodontitis susceptible individuals have a higher propensity to autoreactive properties than B cells of patients with a low susceptibility to periodontitis. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzungen: Untersuchung des lokalen (in der Gingiva) und systemischen Vorkommens autoreaktiver B-Zellen (CD5 und CD19 positiv) bei Individuen mit hoher und niedriger Anfälligkeit für Parodontitis. Material und Methoden: 2 Gruppen von Personen, die anfällig für Parodontitis waren, nahmen an der Studie teil: Gruppe A: 22 erwachsenen Patienten (im Alter von 24,66 Jahren; 7 weiblich) mit fortgeschrittener generalisierter chronischer Parodontitis; Gruppe B: 7 Kinder (9,13 Jahre; 4 Mädchen) mit lokalisierter aggressiver Parodontitis. Zusätzlich wurden 26 parodontal gesunde Personen (23,80 Jahre) untersucht. Klinische und röntgenologische parodontale Parameter wurden erhoben. In den Gruppen A und B, wurden Gingivabiopsien und periphere Blutproben, in Gruppe C nur Blutproben entnommen. Ergebnisse: Der Anteil autoreaktiver B-Zellen an den Lymphozyten im peripheren Blut war etwa 6 mal höher in gruppe A und 4 mal höher in Gruppe B als in Proben der Kontrollgruppe (Gruppe C). Etwa 40,50% der B-Zellen im peripheren Blut der für Parodontitis anfälligen Patienten exprimierten Marker für autoreaktive Eigenschaften während weniger als 15% der zirkulierenden B-Zellen der Individuen aus Gruppe C solche Marker aufwiesen. Die parodontalen Läsionen der erwachsenen Parodontitispatienten enthielten eine hohe Zahl von B-Zellen, von denen etwa 30% autoreaktive Eigenschaften aufwiesen. Schlussfolgerungen: Sowhol lokale als auch zirkulierende B-Zellen von für Parodontitis anfälligen Patienten zeigen mit größerer Häufigkeit autoreaktive Eigenschaften als die B-Zellen von Patienten mit geringer Parodontitisanfälligkeit. Résumé But: Le but de cette recherche était d'étudier la présence locale (gingivale) et systémique de cellules B auto réactives (CD5+CD19 positives) chez des sujets présentant une forte ou une faible susceptibilitéà la parodontite. Matériaux et méthodes: 2 groupes de sujet (A et B) susceptible à la parodontite furent inclus. Le groupe A était constitué de 22 patients adultes (7 femmes et 15 hommes âgés de 24 a 66 ans) présentant une parodontite chronique avancée et généralisée et le groupe B était constitué de 7 enfants (4 filles et 3 garçons ages de 9 à 13 ans) présentant une pardontite agressive localisée. 26 sujets sains d'un point de vue parodontal (groupe C, âgés de 23 à 80 ans, age moyen 49.6±16.3) furent également recrutés. L'observation des caractéristiques cliniques et radiographiques de la maladie parodontale fut réalisée. Des biopsies gingivales et des échantillons sanguins furent prélevées et préparées pour des analyses immunohistochemiques. Seuls des prélèvements sanguins furent pris sur le groupe des patients sains. Résultats: La proportion de cellules B auto réactives (CD5+CD19 positives) des lymphocytes du sang périphérique était 6× plus élevée dans le groupe A et 4× plus élevée dans le groupe B que chez les sujets contrôles du groupe C. Environ 40 a 50% des cellules B du sang périphérique des individus susceptibles à la parodontite exprimaient des marqueurs pour des caractéristiques auto réactives alors que moins de 15% des cellules B circulantes des sujets du groupe C présentaient de tels marqueurs. La lésion parodontale de patients atteints de parodontite de l'adulte contenait un nombre substantiel de cellule B parmi lesquels environ 30% présentaient des caractéristiques auto réactives. Conclusions: Cela suggère que les cellules B locales et circulantes des individus susceptibles à la maladie parodontale aient une puls grande propension aux propriétés auto réactives que les cellules B des patients ayant une susceptibilité faible à la parodontite. [source] Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) expression in gingival crevice fluid in periodontal health and disease and after treatmentJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010E. Andersen Andersen E, Dessaix IM, Perneger T, Mombelli A. Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) expression in gingival crevice fluid in periodontal health and disease and after treatment. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 458,463. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:, Myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) and its subunits are biomarkers of inflammation. The present study evaluated whether gingival crevice fluid levels of these markers discriminate periodontitis from healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis or diseased from healthy subjects, and whether these biomarkers detect longitudinal changes after therapy. Material and Methods:, Levels of MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were quantified in 19 periodontitis patients before non-surgical periodontal therapy, after 3 and 6 mo of treatment, and were measured once in 11 periodontally healthy subjects. In total, diseased subjects contributed 59 sites with probing depths >4 mm (PP) and 21 sites <4 mm (PH); healthy subjects contributed 91 sites (HH). Results:, Overall, in diseased subjects, MRP8/14, MRP14 and total protein were not significantly different between PP and PH sites. However, at baseline, MRP8/14 and total protein had significantly higher values at sites in periodontally diseased than in healthy subjects. Clinical improvement was associated with a significant decrease of MRP8/14 and MRP14 from baseline to month 6 in PP sites. Interestingly, a similar decrease was observed in PH sites for all three markers. At 6 mo, however, levels of MRP8/14 and protein in PP and PH sites of patients were still significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Conclusion:, Gingival crevice fluid levels of MRP8/14 did not differentiate between clinically diseased and healthy sites in patients with chronic periodontitis. However, this marker was elevated in periodontally diseased compared with healthy subjects, and its values decreased following therapy. MRP8/14 may be used to monitor the response to treatment. [source] Profiling of subgingival plaque biofilm microflora from periodontally healthy subjects and from subjects with periodontitis using quantitative real-time PCRJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Y Abiko Abiko Y, Sato T, Mayanagi G, Takahashi N. Profiling of subgingival plaque biofilm microflora from periodontally healthy subjects and from subjects with periodontitis using quantitative real-time PCR. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 389,395. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective:, Qualitative and quantitative changes of the subgingival plaque biofilm microflora in periodontal pockets are thought to be associated with the development and progression of periodontitis. The aims of the present study were to quantify the proportions of nine periodontitis-associated bacterial species and four Streptococcus species in subgingival plaque, and to evaluate their relationship with periodontitis quantitatively. Material and Methods:, Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 12 periodontally healthy subjects and from 28 patients with periodontitis. The amounts of total and target bacteria were measured by quantitative real-time PCR using universal and species-specific primers, respectively. Results:, The proportion of total obligate anaerobes was found to be higher in subjects with periodontitis than in periodontally healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Among obligate anaerobes, Tannerella forsythia (2.04 ± 5.27%, p < 0.05), Porphyromonas gingivalis (0.54 ± 1.41%) and Eubacterium saphenum (0.30 ± 0.96%) were detected at high proportions in subjects with periodontitis, but not in periodontally healthy subjects. By contrast, the proportion of total streptococci was lower in subjects with periodontitis (p < 0.05). Specifically, the proportion of T. forsythia, P. gingivalis or E. saphenum increased (, 2.78%) and the proportion of Streptococcus species decreased to virtually undetectable levels, in subjects with periodontitis. Conclusion:, Obligate anaerobes, including T. forthysia, P. gingivalis and E. saphenum, were identified predominantly in microflora from subjects with periodontitis, whereas Streptococcus species were identified predominantly in microflora from periodontally healthy subjects, suggesting a change in the subgingival environment that resulted in conditions more suitable for the survival of obligate anaerobes. The proportion of these obligate anaerobes in the subgingival plaque of subjects with periodontitis appears to be associated with the status of human periodontitis. [source] Smoking modulates interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios in the periodontal tissuesJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007J. B. César-Neto Background and Objective:, This study evaluated the effect of smoking on the gene expression of interleukin-1,, -1ra, -6, -8 and -10, tumor necrosis factor-,, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -8, receptor activator of NF-,B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, in sites with periodontitis. Material and Methods:, Gingival biopsies were divided into three groups: the healthy group (periodontally healthy subjects; n = 10); the periodontitis group [subjects with severe chronic periodontitis who never smoked (probing depth ,,7 mm) (n = 25)]; and the smoking group (subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis who smoked ,,1 pack per day for at least 10 years; n = 25). Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results:, Data analysis demonstrated that, except for MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, the levels of all factors were increased by inflammation (p < 0.001). The levels of interleukin-1,, -1ra, -6 and -8, and RANKL, were higher in smokers with periodontitis compared with controls, whereas the levels of interleukin-10, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin were lower (p < 0.001). Smoking lowered the levels of interleukin-1,, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-,, MMP-8 and osteoprotegerin, and increased the levels of interleukin-6 and -1ra in sites with a comparable type of periodontitis (p < 0.001). Conclusion:, In conclusion, smoking modulates gene expression in the periodontium, and the influence of smoking on periodontal disease may involve effects of interleukin-6:interleukin-10 and RANKL:osteoprotegerin ratios. [source] Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification of Epstein,Barr virus in chronic periodontitis patientsJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005Antonis Konstantinidis Background:, Although herpes viruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic and aggressive periodontitis, few data in the literature refer to quantification of these viruses in periodontal sites, especially in relation to serological findings. Objective:, The aim of the present study was to compare Epstein,Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in subgingival specimens from chronic periodontitis patients and in periodontally healthy subjects, in relation to serologic testing of IgM and IgG antibodies to EBV. Methods:, A total of 22 chronic periodontitis patients and 13 controls participated in the present study. Seventy-nine subgingival specimens (one pooled, one from a deep and one from a shallow site), sampled with paper points, were analysed with real-time polymerase chain reaction for EBV. Subjects were also examined for anti-EBV IgG and IgM levels in serum, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:, One subject was seronegative for EBV. Three subjects (one patient and two controls) displayed anti-EBV IgM. Their data were excluded from further analysis. All three displayed EBV in their subgingival samples. Nine out of the remaining 20 chronic periodontitis patients and 10 out of 11 controls did not display EBV subgingivally. A statistically significant difference in viral load was observed between pooled and shallow-pocket samples from periodontitis patients but not between samples from deep and shallow pockets (Kruskall,Wallis anova, Dunn's multiple comparisons test). Conclusions:, Data from the present study do not strongly support the pathogenetic significance of EBV in chronic periodontitis lesions. The data do, however, suggest that parallel serological assessments provide a useful insight into the association of viruses with periodontal disease. [source] Expression of human ,-defensins-1 and -2 peptides in unresolved chronic periodontitisJOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004Qian Lu Background:, Human ,-defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides which contribute to host innate immunity by disrupting the membrane integrity of a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Objectives:, This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of hBD-1 and -2 peptides in gingiva and to assess the possible relations of these antimicrobial peptides with periodontal health and disease. Methods:, Seven periodontally healthy subjects and 22 patients with unresolved chronic periodontitis were recruited and the gingival biopsies collected consisted of healthy tissues from the healthy subjects (HT-C); periodontal pocket tissues (PoT) and inflamed connective tissues (ICT) from the base of pocket, i.e. granulation tissues, as well as clinically healthy tissues (HT-P) from the adjacent clinically healthy sites from the patients. The expression of hBD-1 and -2 peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed with a computerized image processing system. Results:, Both hBD-1 and -2 peptides were detected in all periodontally healthy subjects, while hBD-1 was detected in all patients and hBD-2 was found in most of the patients. Their expression was mainly confined to the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelium, in which hBD-1 was detected in both intercellular spaces and cytoplasm, whereas hBD-2 was mainly observed in the cytoplasm. HT-C expressed significantly higher levels of hBD-2 than HT-P (p < 0.05). Within the patients, both defensins were up-regulated significantly in PoT as compared with the adjacent HT-P (p < 0.05). Conclusions:, The present study showed that hBD-1 and -2 were frequently expressed in the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelia and their expression may be associated with periodontal health and disease. [source] | ||||||||||