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Pathological Type (pathological + type)

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Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Fibromuscular dysplasia of cervical and intracranial arteries

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE, Issue 4 2010
Emmanuel Touzé
Fibromuscular dysplasia is an uncommon, segmental, nonatherosclerotic arterial disease of unknown aetiology. The disease primarily affects women and involves intermediate-sized arteries in many areas of the body, including cervical and intracranial arteries. Although often asymptomatic, fibromuscular dysplasia can also be associated with spontaneous dissection, severe stenosis that compromises the distal circulation, or intracranial aneurysm, and is therefore responsible for cerebral ischaemia or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Fibromuscular dysplasia affects middle and distal portions of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and occasionally, intracranial arteries. Several pathological and angiographic patterns exist. The most frequent pathological type is medial fibromuscular dysplasia, which is associated with the ,string of beads' angiographic pattern. Unifocal lesions are less common and can be associated with several pathological subtypes. The pathophysiology of the disease is widely unknown. Fibromuscular dysplasia may in fact result from various causes and reflect a non-specific response to different insults. The poor knowledge of the natural history and the lack of randomised trials that compared the different treatment options do not allow any satisfactory judgement to be made regarding the need for or the efficacy of any treatment. [source]

Extragastrointestinal stromal tumor possibly originating from the prostate

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 9 2007
Sun Yinghao
Abstract: We report a case of extragastrointestinal stromal tumor possibly originating from the prostate. The patient underwent radical prostatectomy because of no metastatic evidence. No recurrence and metastasis have been found during 14 months of follow up. To our knowledge, this may be the third such case published in a report in terms of pathological type. [source]

Fulminant hepatic failure in the elderly: A clinicopathological study of autopsy cases aged over 65 years

PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000
Motoji Sawabe
The pathology of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in the elderly is little known because of its very low frequency. Thirteen autopsy cases, all above 65 years of age (mean ± SD, 72 ± 6 years), and 10 younger control cases, all below 40 years of age (30 ± 7 years), were analyzed. The elderly group comprised 10 cases with subacute FHF and three cases with acute FHF, while the younger group comprised seven cases with subacute FHF and three cases with acute FHF. The most predominant pathological type in the elderly group was submassive hepatic necrosis (10 cases), followed by acute hepatitis with bridging hepatic necrosis (AH-BHN; two cases) and massive hepatic necrosis (one case). In two cases of submassive hepatic necrosis, hepatic regeneration seemed to be insufficient for the suggested history. The underlying diseases and terminal complications were significantly more frequent in the elderly group than in the younger group. In conclusion, the immune response in the elderly group is found to be strong enough to cause massive or submassive hepatic necrosis. However, impaired hepatic regeneration is occasionally observed in the elderly cases and AH-BHN is often lethal because of frequent underlying diseases and severe complications. [source]

Expression and promoter methylation status of mismatch repair gene hMLH1 and hMSH2 in epithelial ovarian cancer

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
Hui ZHANG
Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between methylation and loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in ovarian cancer. Methods: We examined the methylation status of hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoter region by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 56 primary ovarian cancer tissues and 20 normal ovarian tissues, the relationship between the methylation status of these two genes and clinicopathological characteristics were analysed. We then treated SKOV3 and 3AO ovarian cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2,-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc). The hMLH1 and hMSH2 methylation was further assessed by MSP, and their mRNA expression was compared by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before and after 5-aza-dc treatment in these two cell lines. Results: The methylation frequency of hMLH1 and hMSH2 was 30.4% (17 of 56) and 51.7% (29 of 56) in ovarian cancers, respectively, while no methylation was detected in normal ovarian tissues (P = 0.015). There is a significant correlation between hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation and histological grade (P = 0.028) as well as lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.003). Methylation of hMSH2 correlated with histological grade (P = 0.035) and lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.015). Besides, the methylation rates of hMSH2 were significantly higher in endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissues than in other pathological types of ovarian cancer. After 5-aza-dc treatment, the expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 was reversed in two cell lines. Conclusion: Our results indicate that promoter hypermethylation is an important mechanism for loss of hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in human ovarian cancer and may be a potential prognostic factor in ovarian cancer. [source]