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Patch Application (patch + application)
Selected AbstractsMaculopapular eruption to rivastigmine's transdermal patch application and successful oral desensitizationALLERGY, Issue 7 2010M. Makris No abstract is available for this article. [source] Improved patient acceptability with a transdermal drug-in-adhesive oestradiol patchAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2000Yvonne Lake SUMMARY The aim of this trial was to assess the relative patient acceptability of two transdermal oestradiol patches used in treatment of oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Thirty-five hysterectomised postmenopausal women with no previous experience of transdermal oestradiol delivery systems received treatment with either once-weekly drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patches or twice-weekly reservoir patches for 4 weeks, and were then switched to the alternative treatment for a further 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the patients completed a questionnaire to assess their relative preference for a number of characteristics of the 2 transdermal systems and, where possible, their preference for transdermal compared with oral hormone replacement therapy. Thirty-one patients completed the study; four withdrew during treatment with the reservoir patch. The DIA patch was preferred for being ,easiest to remember to apply' by 80% of patients (p < 0.01), ,easiest to open' and ,easiest to apply' by 68% (p = 0.025), and as having ,best cosmetic appearance' by 65% (p = 0.05) and ,best overall skin adhesion' by 61% (p < 0.01). While 10% of patients rated the reservoir patch as ,least irritating to the skin' (p = 0.03), only one patient found this patch ,most comfortable to wear' (p < 0.01). The DIA patch was selected by 87% of patients as their preferred treatment overall (p = 0.001). Ninety-one per cent of 22 responding patients were at least as confident of treatment with transdermal patches as with oral hormone replacement therapy (p = 0.006) and 74% of 27 responders preferred transdermal to oral treatment (p = 0.004). The DIA patch appears to be more acceptable to patients than the reservoir patch as a transdermal oestradiol delivery system for the treatment of postmenopausal oestrogen deficiency. Characteristics of the DIA patch which may account for improved patient acceptance include ease of remembering once-weekly patch application, improved cosmetic appearance and comfort, and better adhesion. [source] In vivo pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen after patch application in the Mexican hairless pigBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 4 2009Masafumi Horie Abstract To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of topical drugs, in vitro permeation studies are performed using sacrificed pig skin or human tissues resected at surgery; however, these methods have their limitations in in vivo pharmacokinetics. This study examined the usefulness of Mexican hairless pigs for in vivo pharmacokinetic study, especially the drug concentration in the tissues. A ketoprofen patch was applied on the back of Mexican hairless pigs for 24,h, followed by sequential collection of blood specimens from 0 to 36,h (n=3). Also, the skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia and muscle from the center of the site of application were excised at 12,h after the application (n=4). Ketoprofen was first detected in the plasma at 8,h, the concentration increasing up to 24,h; the plasma concentration began to decrease after the removal of the ketoprofen patch. Ketoprofen concentrations in the tissues decreased with increasing depth of the tissues, but the values in the deep muscles, being the lowest among the tissues examined, were still higher than those in the plasma. While the data of drug concentration in human tissue are difficult to test, the Mexican hairless pig model appears to be attractive for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of topically applied ketoprofen. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cyanoacrylate glue for corneal perforations: a description of a surgical technique and a review of the literatureCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 6 2000Brendan Jt Vote MBBS ABSTRACT The effective early application of a cyanoacrylate glue corneal patch can aid in the management of small corneal perforations, corneal melts and wound leaks. Their use gives improved visual outcomes with reduced enucleation rates (6%vs 19%). It may also avoid the need for tectonic penetrating keratoplasty. Cyanoacrylate glue prevents re-epithelialization into the zone of damaged and naked stroma and prevents the development of the critical setting for collagenase production that leads to stromal melting. Cyanoacrylates also have significant bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms. We describe a simple and easily reproducible method of cyanoacrylate corneal patch application, with neglible risk of inadvertent glue complications. It has the further advantage of a smooth corneal surface rather than an irregular surface as often occurs with direct application methods. With corneal application, the major concern is toxicity of cyanoacrylates through direct contact with the corneal endothelium and lens. Fibrin glues may be less toxic; however, they are not as readily available. The longer alkyl chains of currently available cyanoacrylate glues (e.g. Histoacryl) slows degradation significantly, limiting accumulation of histotoxic by-products to amounts that can be effectively eliminated by tissues. Vigilance in monitoring for infection/corneal infiltrate is necessary at all times, especially when the glue has been present for more than 6 weeks. Corneal patching with cyanoacrylate glue is a temporizing procedure only, buying time to allow healing secondary to medical treatment of the underlying condition, or allowing surgery to be elective and under more optimal conditions once inflammation has been reduced and the integrity of the globe restored. [source] | ||||||||||