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Parent Interactions (parent + interaction)
Selected AbstractsTowards universal Kangaroo Mother Care: recommendations and report from the First European conference and Seventh International Workshop on Kangaroo Mother CareACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2010KH Nyqvist Abstract The hallmark of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is the kangaroo position: the infant is cared for skin-to-skin vertically between the mother's breasts and below her clothes, 24 h/day, with father/substitute(s) participating as KMC providers. Intermittent KMC (for short periods once or a few times per day, for a variable number of days) is commonly employed in high-tech neonatal intensive care units. These two modalities should be regarded as a progressive adaptation of the mother-infant dyad, ideally towards continuous KMC, starting gradually and progressively with intermittent KMC. The other components in KMC are exclusive breastfeeding (ideally) and early discharge in kangaroo position with strict follow-up. Current evidence allows the following general statements about KMC in affluent and low-income settings: KMC enhances bonding and attachment; reduces maternal postpartum depression symptoms; enhances infant physiologic stability and reduces pain, increases parental sensitivity to infant cues; contributes to the establishment and longer duration of breastfeeding and has positive effects on infant development and infant/parent interaction. Therefore, intrapartum and postnatal care in all types of settings should adhere to a paradigm of nonseparation of infants and their mothers/families. Preterm/low-birth-weight infants should be regarded as extero-gestational foetuses needing skin-to-skin contact to promote maturation. Conclusion:, Kangaroo Mother Care should begin as soon as possible after birth, be applied as continuous skin-to-skin contact to the extent that this is possible and appropriate and continue for as long as appropriate. [source] Child,parent and child,peer interaction: Observational similarities and differences at age sevenINFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2005Marleen H. Gerrits Abstract According to Russell et al. (Developmental Rev 1998; 18: 313) child,parent interaction could contain horizontal qualities, similar to child,peer interactions. To study this, child,parent and child,peer play interactions were compared on several observed horizontal and vertical characteristics in 55 7-year-old children interacting with their mother, father, and a classmate, respectively. Characteristics on which the interactions were compared were shared positive emotions, total control behaviour, balance of control, simultaneous play, mutual responsiveness, and discord. Significant differences between observed child,parent and child,peer interactions were found. Horizontal as well as vertical qualities were found in both types of interaction. The child,parent interaction consisted primarily of mutual responsiveness (i.e. a horizontal quality), and total control, whereas in the child,peer interaction balance of control, shared positive emotions, simultaneous play, and discords were most often found. No main effect of peer preference or gender was found. However, several interaction effects of context with gender and peer preference were found. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A pediatric screening instrument to detect problematic infant,parent interactions: Initial reliability and validity in a sample of high- and low-risk infantsINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001Barbara H. Fiese The purpose of this study was to determine the initial reliability and validity of a screening instrument developed to detect problematic interactions between infants and parents as part of a pediatric well-baby exam. Participants included 117 infant,mother dyads (57 preterms and 60 full terms) assessed when infants were 6 to 9 months old. Mothers and infants were observed playing an interactional game such as peek-a-boo during the course of the pediatric exam. The game was scored for degree of interactional reciprocity using the Pediatric Infant Parent Exam (PIPE). Acceptable levels of interrater reliability were achieved. As predicted, higher risk infants and their mothers exhibited more problematic interactions than lower risk infants and their mothers. Results indicated that the PIPE was a reliable means of screening for interactional difficulties, that was sensitive to, but not synonymous with, neonatal health indices. ©2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. [source] Parent's involvement in decisions when their child is admitted to hospital with suspected shunt malfunction: study protocolJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 10 2009Joanna Smith Abstract Title., Parent's involvement in decisions when their child is admitted to hospital with suspected shunt malfunction: study protocol. Aim., This paper outlines the protocol for a study aimed at exploring parent's involvement during professional,parent interactions and decisions about their child's care in the context of suspected shunt malfunction. Background., Hydrocephalus is a long-term condition treated primarily by the insertion of a shunt that diverts fluid from the brain to another body compartment. Shunts frequently malfunction, and parents of children with shunted hydrocephalus are responsible for recognizing and responding to shunt complications. Parents feel that interactions with professionals when they seek healthcare advice for their child do always not encourage active participation in care decisions. Methods., The study design is based on qualitative methodologies: a combination of conversation analysis applied to consultation recordings of professional,parent interactions when a child is admitted to hospital with suspected shunt malfunction, and semi-structured follow-up interviews with the same participants within 2 weeks of the consultation. Participants., This is a prospective study and participants will be purposefully selected. Parents of children who have been admitted to hospital with suspected shunt malfunction and healthcare professionals responsible for the initial assessment of the child will be invited to participate. Discussion., The study will identify how decisions about a child's care are negotiated between parents and healthcare professionals at key stages of the care pathway. In addition, examining interactions between healthcare professionals and parents may identify approaches that support or hinder parents in contributing to the decision-making processes when they seek advice from healthcare professionals. [source] Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain developmentACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2008Christine Bonnier Abstract The term ,early intervention' designates educational and neuroprotection strategies aimed at enhancing brain development. Early educational strategies seek to take advantage of cerebral plasticity. Neuroprotection, a term initially used to characterize substances capable of preventing cell death, now encompasses all interventions that promote normal development and prevent disabilities, including organisational, therapeutic and environment-modifying measures, such as early stimulation programs. Early stimulation programs were first devised in the United States for vulnerable children in low-income families; positive effects were recorded regarding school failure rates and social problems. Programs have also been implemented in several countries for premature infants and low-birth-weight infants, who are at high risk for neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The programs target the child, the parents or both. The best evaluated programs are the NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program) in Sweden for babies <1500 g in neonatal intensive care units and the longitudinal multisite program IHDP (Infant Health and Development Program) created in the United States for infants <37 weeks or <2500 g. Conclusion: Although the NIDCAP and the IHDP targeted different populations, they produced similar effects in several regards: efficacy was greatest with programs involving both the parents and the child; long-term stimulation improved cognitive outcomes and child,parent interactions; cognition showed greater improvements than motor skills and larger benefits were obtained in families that combined several risk factors including low education attainment by the mothers. [source] Is social support sometimes a mixed blessing?CHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 3 2005D. K. Pal Abstract Background, Child behavioural problems in epilepsy originate from a poorly understood interplay between intrinsic, family and social factors. Methods, We re-analysed data from a randomized controlled trial of antiepileptic treatment in rural India, using regression analysis to find risk factors for behavioural problems. Results, Parental satisfaction with social support was positively and independently correlated with child behavioural problems (P = 0.03). Conclusion, Our findings suggest parents' interactions within their informal social support network, contrary to expectation, may increase risk for behavioural problems in their children. We suggest a possible explanation for this correlation as well as follow-up studies to investigate the social support-as-risk factor hypothesis. [source] |