			Home About us Contact

Arterial Changes (arterial + change)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: Non-invasive diagnosis by MDCT and MRI

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 2007
D Utsunomiya
SUMMARY We present a case of a 19-year-old male patient complaining of right leg pain, which appeared after exercise and abated with rest. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed occlusion of right popliteal artery. Volume rendering CT image showed not only occlusion of right popliteal artery but also abnormal course of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MHG). CT and MR images of right popliteal fossa showed the abnormal anatomy that MHG coursed between popliteal artery with thrombus and popliteal vein. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome was diagnosed non-invasively by multidetector CT and MRI. Sectional radiological and three-dimensional images are useful for not only depiction of the arterial changes but also identification of the abnormal anatomic structures responsible for the entrapment. [source]

Intramyocardial arterial narrowing in dogs with subaortic stenosis

JOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 9 2004
T. Falk
Earlier studies have described intramyocardial arterial narrowing based on hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the vessel wall in dogs with subaortic stenosis (SAS). In theory, such changes might increase the risk of sudden death, as they seem to do in heart disease in other species. This retrospective pathological study describes and quantifies intramyocardial arterial narrowing in 44 dogs with naturally occurring SAS and in eight control dogs. The majority of the dogs with SAS died suddenly (n=27); nine had died or been euthanased with signs of heart failure and eight were euthanased without clinical signs. Dogs with SAS had significantly narrower intramyocardial arteries (P<0.001) and more myocardial fibrosis (P<0.001) than control dogs. Male dogs and those with more severe hypertrophy had more vessel narrowing (P=0.02 and P=0.02, respectively), whereas dogs with dilated hearts had slightly less pronounced arterial thickening (P=0.01). Arterial narrowing was not related to age, but fibrosis increased with age (P=0.047). Dogs that died suddenly did not have a greater number of arterial changes than other dogs with SAS. This study suggests that most dogs with SAS have intramyocardial arterial narrowing and that the risk of dying suddenly is not significantly related to the overall degree of vessel obliteration. [source]

Pathological changes in the cerebral medullary arteries of five autopsy cases of malignant nephrosclerosis: Observation by morphometry and reconstruction of serial sections

NEUROPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003
Riki Okeda
Hypertension (HT) is a serious risk factor of not only cerebral infarction and bleeding, but also Binswanger's encephalopathy (BE). In BE especially, severe stiffening of the cerebral medullary arteries because of hypertensive changes with loss of medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) occurs, which induces diffuse atrophy of the cerebral white matter. But, it is not yet ascertained whether HT is particularly severe in BE. Therefore, a spectrum of the pathological changes of the cerebral arteries were investigated by reconstruction of serial sections and morphometry of the medial thickness in five autopsied patients with malignant nephrosclerosis (MN) of exacerbated form. Each presented clinically acute progression of long-standing HT at the terminal stage and pathologically typical renal changes. The heartweight was 380,900 g. Morphometry of the medial thickness of the arachnoid arteries presented significant medial hypertrophy in four cases of MN, but in the medullary arteries it presented in only two cases with marked cardiomegaly of 700 g and 900 g. In four cases of MN, only a few medullary arteries showed slight pathological changes. However, in another case with cardiomegaly of 900 g, all 10 medullary arteries showed multiple segments of atheroma, medial SMC loss, and prominent dilatation; edematous concentric intimal fibrosis with luminal obstruction and atrophy of the white matter were absent. In conclusion, only one case of MN showing marked cardiomegaly of 900 g presented severe pathological changes of the cerebral medullary arteries comparable with those of BE, although other MN-cases showing severe cardiac hypertrophy presented only trivial arterial changes. Therefore, the cerebral medullary artery seems to be protected from HT, yet it is involved in a case of severe and long-standing HT inducing an extreme cardiomegaly. [source]

Contribution of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid to hypertension and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with l -NAME

AUTONOMIC & AUTACOID PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
I. F. Benter
Summary 1 The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of inhibition of the formation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid with 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) on the development of hypertension and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) chronically treated with nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor l -NAME (SHR- l -NAME). 2 Administration of l -NAME in drinking water (80 mg l,1) to SHR for 3 weeks significantly elevated mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) (223 ± 4 mmHg) as compared to SHR controls drinking regular water (165 ± 3 mmHg). The administration of ABT (50 mg kg,1 i.p. alt diem) for 6 days significantly attenuated elevation of blood pressure in SHR- l -NAME (204 ± 4 mmHg). 3 l -NAME-induced increase in urine volume and protein was significantly lower in ABT-treated animals. 4 The impaired vascular responsiveness to noradrenaline and isoprenaline in the perfused mesenteric vascular bed of SHR- l -NAME-treated animals was significantly improved by ABT treatment. 5 Morphological studies of the kidneys and hearts showed that treatment with ABT minimized the extensive arterial fibrinoid necrosis, arterial thrombosis, significant narrowing of arterial lumen with marked arterial hyperplastic arterial changes that were observed in vehicle treated SHR- l -NAME. 6 In isolated perfused hearts, recovery of left ventricular function from 40 min of global ischaemia was significantly better in ABT-treated SHR- l -NAME. 7 These results suggest that in hypertensive individuals with endothelial dysfunction and chronic NO deficiency, inhibitors of 20-HETE synthesis may be able to attenuate development of high blood pressure and end-organ damage. [source]