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Arterial Blood pH (arterial + blood_ph)
Selected AbstractsDexmedetomidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol,desflurane anaesthesia in dogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 3 2006R. J. GÓMEZ-VILLAMANDOS The objective of this study was to evaluate dexmedetomidine as a premedicant in dogs prior to propofol,desflurane anaesthesia, and to compare it with medetomidine. Six healthy dogs were anaesthetized. Each dog received intravenously (i.v.) five preanaesthetic protocols: D1 (dexmedetomidine, 1 ,g/kg, i.v.), D2 (dexmedetomidine, 2 ,g/kg, i.v.), M1 (medetomidine, 1 ,g/kg, i.v.), M2 (medetomidine, 2 ,g/kg, i.v.), or M4 (medetomidine, 4 ,g/kg, i.v.). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2.3,3.3 mg/kg) and maintained with desflurane. The following variables were studied: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal CO2, end-tidal concentration of desflurane (EtDES) required for maintenance of anaesthesia and tidal volume. Arterial blood pH (pHa) and arterial blood gas tensions (PaO2, PaCO2) were measured during anaesthesia. Time to extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time to standing were also recorded. HR and RR decreased significantly during sedation in all protocols. Cardiorespiratory variables during anaesthesia were statistically similar for all protocols. EtDES was significantly different between D1 (8.1%) and D2 (7.5%), and between all doses of medetomidine. Desflurane requirements were similar for D1 and M2, and for D2 and M4 protocols. No statistical differences were observed in recovery times. The combination of dexmedetomidine, propofol and desflurane appears to be effective for induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia in healthy dogs. [source] Clinical, urodynamic and endoscopic characteristics of the Stanford pouch ileal neobladder constructed with absorbable staplesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 12 2000M Cemil Uygur Abstract Purpose The clinical, urodynamic and endoscopic aspects of the Stanford pouch ileal neobladder formed with absorbable staples were investigated. Methods A Stanford pouch ileal neobladder was formed using absorbable staples after radical cystoprostatectomy in 30 male patients with the diagnosis of muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder between 1995 and 1998. The mean age of the patients was 62 (range 41,70) years. Patients were followed with arterial blood gas, serum biochemistry, pouch cystography, urodynamic tests and endoscopy. Results Five (16.7%) patients had early postoperative complications and three were related to the neobladder. One year postoperatively, low grade (I, II) vesicoureteral reflux was present in five (16.7%) cases. The mean preoperative and 6 months postoperative serum creatinine levels were 1.07 ± 0.3 mg/dL and 1.2 ± 0.4 mg/dL, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1). Six months postoperatively the mean serum chloride level was 109 ± 4.5 (range 100,113) mmol/L and the mean arterial blood pH was 7.37 ± 0.2 (range 7.3,7.4). Two (6.7%) patients required oral alkaline supplementation because of high chloride levels. All the patients except one were continent throughout the day after 1 year. However, nocturnal enuresis was present in 25 (83.3%) cases. The pouch capacity was increased gradually up to 12 months postoperatively and the mean pouch capacity 12 months postoperatively was 460 ± 95.8 mL. Micturition occurred spontaneously in most patients while some needed abdominal straining. None of the patients had a residual urine of more than 60 mL. The mean maximum flow rate 6 months postoperatively was 9.8 (range 5.4,15.0) mL/s. After 6 months the stapled edge was noticed as a nodular line. One year postoperatively only a white scar could be observed at the suture line. Conclusion The Stanford pouch ileal neobladder constructed using absorbable staples was able to provide a good capacity,low pressure reservoir with a low rate of complications. [source] Eine erweiterte Evaluation der Neurolept-Anästhesie für Meerschweinchen mit einer Analyse gemischt-exspiratorischer Gase während Spontanatmung.JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 1-2 2004Wirkung des Fastens auf das kardiorespiratorische System und den Metabolismus Zusammenfassung Das beatmete Meerschweinchen wurde oft für neurophysiologische und respiratorische Studien eingesetzt. Diese Spezies ist auch für eine Evaluation künstlicher Sauerstoffträger, entwickelt aus Hämoglobin, geeignet, weil seine Sauerstoff-Hämoglobin-Bindung der des Menschen sehr ähnlich ist. Andererseits ist eine Narkose dieser Tiere wegen kardio-respiratorischer Depression mit herkömmlichen Verfahren schwierig. Bewährt hat sich die folgende intraperitoneal zu verabreichende Neurolept-Anästhesie: 0,2 mg Fentanyl (Janssen/D), 10 mg Droperidol (Janssen/D) sowie 400 mg Urethan in 10 ml isotonischer Natriumchlorid-Lösung pro kg Körpergewicht. Unser neues Tier-Modell ermöglicht, mit einem speziellen Ventilsystem den Gasaustausch unter Spontanatmung, kardiovaskuläre wie auch Blutgaswerte und damit den Säure-Basen-Status zu messen. Die vitalen Parameter der Tiere, blieben über mehr als 6 Stunden stabil und nahe bei Werten wacher Tiere, insbesondere der mittlere arterielle Blutdruck. Deswegen ist diese etablierte Neurolept-Anästhesie des Meerschweinchens für Forschungszweck zu bevorzugen. Nüchterne Tiere zeigten signifikant erniedrigte Blut-pH- (7,345 bzw. 7,401) sowie Herzfrequenz- (244 bzw. 277 min,1) und Ventilationswerte (167 bzw. 205 ml/min) im Vergleich zu nicht nüchternen Tieren. Summary An Extended Evaluation of a Neuroleptanesthesia for the Guinea Pig with Analysis of Mixed Expiratory Gases during Spontaneous Breathing. Effects of Fasting on the Cardiorespiratory System and Metabolism The artificially ventilated guinea pig was frequently used for neurophysiological and respiratory studies. This species is also preferable for an evaluation of hemoglobin based artificial oxygen carriers, because its oxygen hemoglobin binding is very similar to that of man. But the narcosis of this animal-species is very difficult, because of cardiorespiratory depression induced by conventional procedures. The following intraperitoneal administered neuroleptanesthesia was proved in guinea pigs: 0,2 mg Fentanyl (Janssen/D), 10 mg Droperidol (Janssen/D) and 400 mg Urethan in 10 ml isotonic sodium chloride solution per kg body weight. Our new animal model with a special valve system enables to assess the gas exchange under spontaneous breathing, cardiovascular and the acid-base parameters. The vital parameters of animals were stable over 6 hours and very close to those of awake animals, especially the arterial average blood pressure. For that reason, this established neuroleptanesthesia of guinea pigs is preferable for research purpose. The fasted animals show significantly decreased values of arterial blood pH (7,345 vs. 7,401), of heart frequency (244 vs. 277 min,1), and of ventilation value (167 vs. 205 ml/min) compared to non-fasted animals. [source] Treatment of Premature Calves with Clinically Diagnosed Respiratory Distress SyndromeJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008T. Karapinar Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been reported previously in premature calves. However, there have been no published data on the effect of surfactant replacement therapy in the treatment of premature calves with RDS. Hypothesis: Surfactant replacement therapy added to the standard treatment for premature calves clinically diagnosed with RDS would increase the viability of the calves. Animals: Twenty-seven premature calves with clinically diagnosed RDS. Methods: Twenty calves were instilled intratracheally with bovine lung surfactant extract and provided with standard treatment for RDS (surfactant group). Seven calves were given only standard care for RDS without surfactant therapy and placed in the control group. Standard treatment for newborn calves with RDS includes warming, administration of intranasal oxygen, fluid replacement, administration of antibiotics, and immunoglobulin solution. Arterial blood samples were collected from the calves at 3 observation points, the first just before treatment (hour 0) and at 2 hours (hour 2) and 24 hours (hour 24) after treatment was started to determine if ventilation was adequate, improving, or deteriorating. Blood gases, pH, bicarbonate, and lactate concentrations were measured. Results: In the surfactant group, mean partial pressure of oxygen significantly increased at hours 2 and 24. Mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreased and mean arterial blood pH increased at hour 24 in the surfactant group compared with the control group (P < .05). Of the 20 calves in the surfactant group, 12 survived and 8 died. All 7 calves in the control group died. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The results of this study suggest that surfactant replacement therapy may reduce neonatal deaths in premature calves with clinically diagnosed RDS. [source] Closed-loop feedback computer-controlled infusion of phenylephrine for maintaining blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: a preliminary descriptive study,ANAESTHESIA, Issue 12 2007W. D. Ngan Kee Summary We describe the novel use of a closed-loop feedback computer-controlled infusion of phenylephrine for maintaining blood pressure in 53 patients having spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. A simple on,off algorithm was used that activated an intravenous phenylephrine infusion at 100 ,g.min,1 when systolic blood pressure was less than or equal to baseline and stopped the infusion when systolic blood pressure exceeded baseline. Up to uterine incision, 94.6% of all systolic blood pressure measurements were within the range (baseline ± 20%). Seven patients (13.2%) had one or more episodes of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 80% of baseline) and 23 patients (37.7%) had one or more episodes of hypertension (systolic blood pressure >,120% of baseline). No patient had nausea or vomiting and in no case was umbilical arterial blood pH < 7.2. Calculated system performance parameters were comparable with those of previously published closed-loop systems and provide a reference for the potential development and comparison of more advanced algorithms. [source] | ||||||||||