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Packed Column (packed + column)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	90%

Selected Abstracts

Protein stabilisation of Chardonnay wine using trisacryl and bentonite: a comparative study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Johannes De Bruijn
Summary The stabilisation of a Chilean Chardonnay wine by SP-Trisacryl-M and bentonite was investigated, evaluating protein, polyphenol and polysaccharide adsorption, turbidity and wine quality. The wine could be stabilised by adding at least 0.3 kg m,3 of bentonite or 12 kg m,3 of trisacryl, removing 95% and 76% of the wine proteins, respectively. The protein adsorption data for bentonite and trisacryl were fitted using the Freundlich isotherm. The wine protein adsorption isotherm on trisacryl was unfavourable. Protein removal from Chardonnay by trisacryl in a packed column at continuous operation was about 50% during the first 70 bed volumes (BV) of treated wine and decreased progressively until the end of the treatment (100 BV). The adsorbents showed a higher selectivity for proteins than for polyphenols and polysaccharides. A sensorial panel could not detect statistically significant differences between the bentonite and trisacryl treatments of wine at P , 0.05. [source]

Preparation of HPLC chiral packing materials using cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) for the separation of chrysanthemate isomers

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 17 2006
Chiyo Yamamoto
Abstract We investigated the separation of chrysanthemate isomers (1), particularly the (1R)-trans form, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using polysaccharide derivatives, such as the phenylcarbamates and benzoates of cellulose and amylose, as the chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The chiral packing materials (CPMs) having a high chiral recognition for the chrysanthemic acid ethyl ester (1a) were prepared by coating cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (2a) dissolved in solvents containing methyl benzoate or acetophenone as an additive on silica gel. The separation factor for 1a significantly depended on the preparation conditions of CPM 2a, such as the coating amount of 2a and the type and amount of additives. The chiral recognition ability created by imprinting the additives was lost when the CPM was heated at a high temperature, and was recovered by contacting it with the additive in a packed column. The structural change in 2a during these treatments was not clearly detected by spectroscopic methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5087,5097, 2006 [source]

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a pulsed packed column

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2000
Yu Jie
Abstract The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a pulsed packed column (PPC) filled with a stainless steel super mini ring (SMR), ceramic and stainless steel Raschig rings have been studied using a 30% tributyl phosphate-kerosene (dispersed phase)/acetic acid/water (continuous phase) system. Experiments were performed in a 100 mm internal diameter column with 1.0 m height of packing. The mass transfer and axial mixing parameters were estimated simultaneously from the measured concentration profiles of two-phase based on the backflow model. It was found that pulsation has great influence on hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of PPC with the SMR. Hoxp and Hox decrease significantly with pulsation, whereas flooding velocity decreases only slightly. Comparison among the three types of packing showed that the SMR has superior characteristics both in terms of capacity and mass transfer efficiency. The influence of mass transfer on characteristics of PPC was also studied. New empirical equations of characteristic velocity, Hoxand Hoxd were proposed and good agreement between calculated and experimental data was obtained. Les caractéristiques de l'hydrodynamique et du transfert de matiére dans une colonne pulsée garni (PPC) contenant des super mini-anneaux (SMR) d'acier inoxydable et des anneaux de Raschig de céramique et d'acier inoxydable (s.s.) ont été étudiées à l'aide du système 30% de phosphate de tributyl-kérosène (phase dispersée)/acide acétique/eau (phase continue). On a mené des expériences dans une colonne de 100 mm de diamètre intérieur avec une hauteur de garnissage de 1.0 m. Les paramètres de transfert de matière et de mélange axial ont été estimés simultanément à partir des profils de concentration mesurés de deux phases d'après le modèle de reflux. On a trouvé que la pulsation avait une grande influence sur les caractéristiques de l'hydrodynamique et de transfert de matière de la colonne PPC avec le SMR. Hoxp et Hox diminuent de maniére significative avec la pulsation, tandis que la vitesse d'engorgement ne diminue que Iégèrement. Une comparaison entre les trois types de garnissage montre que le SMR possède des caractéristiques supérieures à la fois en termes de capacité et d'efficacité du transfert de matière. L'influence du transfert de matière sur les caractéristiques de la colonne PPC a également été étudiée. De nouvelles équations empiriques de la vitesse caractéristique, Hox et Hoxd, sont proposées et un bon accord est obtenu entre les données calculées et les données expérhentales. [source]

Experimental studies of liquid flow maldistribution in a random packed column

THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2000
Fuhe Yin
Abstract Liquid flow distribution has been a major concern when scaling up random packed columns. This study concerns the measurements of liquid flow distribution in a large scale column packed with 25.4 mm stainless steel Pall rings. The liquid flow distribution was studied with packed bed height from 0.9 to 3.5 m, liquid flow rate from 2.91 to 6.66 kg/m2·s, and gas flow rate from 0 to 3.0 kg/m2·s. In addition, three systems, water/air, aqueous detergent solution/air and Isopar/air, were used to study the effect of liquid physical properties on liquid flow distribution, and two different liquid distributors were employed to test the effect of liquid distributor design. It was found that liquid flow distribution was strongly influenced by liquid distributor design, packed bed height, gas flow rate and liquid viscosity, slightly influenced by liquid flow rate, but not by liquid surface tension. La distribution de l'écoulement liquide pose un problème important pour la mise à l'échelle des colonnes garnies aléatoirement. Cette étude porte sur des mesures de distribution d'écoulement liquide dans une colonne de grande échelle garnie d'anneaux Pall en acier inoxydable de 25,4 mm de diamètre. La distribution de l'écoulement liquide a été étudiée pour une hauteur de lit garni entre 0,9 et 3,5 m, un débit liquide entre 2,91 et 6,66 kg/m2·s et un débit de gaz entre 0 et 3,0 kg/m2·s. En outre, on a eu recours à trois systèmes, soient eau/air, solution à base de détergent aqueuse/air et Isopar/air, pour étudier l'effet des propriétés physiques du liquide sur la distribution de l'écoulement liquide, et deux distributeurs de liquide différents ont été utilisés afin de tester l'effet de la conception du distributeur de liquide. On a trouvé que la distribution de l'écoulement liquide était fortement influenceé par la conception du distributeur de liquide, la hauteur de lit garni, le débit de gaz et la viscosité du liquide, était peu influencée par le débit du liquide, et n'était pas influencée par la tension de surface du liquide. [source]

Template Refolding by Use of an Antibody-Coupled Affinity Column

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 11 2005
S. Katoh
Abstract To improve the efficiency and throughput, the biointeraction between an antigen and antibody was used for refolding in a packed column, in which an antibody against carbonic anhydrase coupled on a gel support was used as a template ligand. A denatured solution of CAB was mixed with a refolding buffer in a mixing chamber, and was supplied to the antibody-coupled column for refolding. Higher refolding efficiencies were obtained in the column than by the batch dilution method at relatively low concentrations of denaturant. By increasing the adsorption capacity of the column, the efficiency of refolding, as well as the throughput, could be increased. [source]

Impact of retention on trans-column velocity biases in packed columns

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 6 2010
Fabrice Gritti
Abstract The heights equivalent to a theoretical plate of a weakly and strongly retained compounds were measured on two packed columns having different average mesopore sizes. The measurements were carried out in two different cases, with access to the mesopores by the sample molecules blocked (filled with n-nonane) or not. The experimental results demonstrate that the eddy dispersion terms of both columns are significantly smaller for porous than for nonporous particles. Two simultaneous phenomena explain this observation. First, packed columns are radially heterogeneous which causes significant trans-column velocity biases warping the bands. Second, radial dispersion contributes to mass transfer across the column, relaxing the radial concentration gradients that are caused by these velocity biases. The impact of these biases is minimized when the pores of the particles are not blocked; it decreases with increasing residence time and radial dispersion coefficient of the solutes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009 [source]

Studies on azaspiracid biotoxins.

RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 24 2002

In this study, the performance of monolithic columns was evaluated for ultrafast liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses and for high-resolution separations of several azaspiracid biotoxin analogs. Because of their high permeability, monolithic columns offer a number of advantages over conventional packed columns; viz., very low backpressures and relatively flat van Deemter curves at high flow rates. That is, very high flow rates can be used for ultrafast analyses or, by using longer than normal columns, high-resolution separations are possible. In a series of experiments, we varied the mobile phase flow rates between 1 and 8,mL/min, and studied their impact on chromatographic parameters such as retention time, resolution, number of plates and pressure. The chromatographic run times could be reduced to ca. 30,s without a significant change in the separation efficiency. A signal intensity comparison revealed interesting differences between atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) in their flow-rate dependency. An explanation with respect to the behavior as of a mass-flow or a concentration-dependent device is given in the paper. Additionally, the column length was varied between 10 and 70,cm. As a result, the number of theoretical plates increased substantially. In the example shown in the report, an increase from 13,000 plates for a 10-cm column to 80,000 for a 70-cm column is demonstrated. In addition, the potential of the monolithic columns for high-resolution LC/MS separations is shown for a complex biotoxin mixture, which was separated on a 40-cm-long column. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Experimental studies of liquid flow maldistribution in a random packed column

Portraying the Countercurrent Flow on Packings by Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 10 2008
Y. Y. Xu
Abstract The design of packed columns requires the detailed description of the hydrodynamics on the surface of the packings. To analyze the local flow behavior of the liquid phase, a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed that applies to the two-phase countercurrent flow on an inclined and flat plate. This model, based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method, considers the gravity, the surface tension and the drag force between the two phases. The development of such a model allows investigation of the influences of the liquid and gas flow rates on the flow behavior such as the film flow and the rivulet flow. A validation of the model was performed using data from the literature and from experiments conducted in this work. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the specific wetted area on the plate decreases with decreasing liquid load. Moreover, CFD simulations reveal that the presence of the countercurrent gas phase tends to increase the fluctuation and the thickness of the film flow, which is in accordance with experimental data. It also affects the flow behavior of the rivulet flow and changes the velocity profiles for both film and rivulet flow behavior. On the other hand, the simulation results indicate that CFD is a potent tool for analyzing and investigating the flow phenomena in chemical engineering. [source]