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Paediatric Intensive Care (paediatric + intensive_care)
Terms modified by Paediatric Intensive Care Selected AbstractsDeprivation, ethnicity and prematurity in infant respiratory failure in PICU in the UKACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2010DR O'Donnell Abstract Aim:, To describe the epidemiology of infants admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care (PIC) with acute respiratory failure including bronchiolitis. Methods:, Data from all consecutive admissions from 2004 to 2007 in all 29 designated Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in England and Wales were collected. Admission rates, risk-adjusted mortality, length of stay, ventilation status, preterm birth, deprivation and ethnicity were studied. Results:, A total of 4641 infants under 1 year of age had an unplanned admission to PIC with acute respiratory failure (ARF), an admission rate of 1.80 per 1000 infants per year. There was a reduced rate of admission with bronchiolitis in South Asian children admitted to PICU, which is not explained by case-mix. Children born preterm had a higher rate of admission and longer stay, but a similar low mortality. Risk-adjusted mortality was higher in South Asian infants and the highest in those with ARF (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.20,2.57) compared with the rest of the PICU population. Conclusion:, Acute respiratory failure in infants causes most of the seasonal variation in unplanned admission to intensive care. Socioeconomic deprivation and prematurity are additional risk factors for admission. Fewer South Asian infants are admitted to PICU with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, but risk-adjusted mortality is higher in South Asian infants overall. [source] A literature review of principles, policies and practice in extended nursing roles relating to UK intensive care settingsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 20 2008Namita Srivastava Aims., To provide an overview of the literature relating to the principles, policy and practice of extended nursing roles in UK intensive care settings to date; to review and critically assess evidence of impact, outcomes and effect on practice and provide suggestions for future research. Background., It is known that career development opportunities, new technologies, patient needs, as well as the reduction in junior doctors' hours, are driving the development of new roles for nurses. Policy initiatives aim to expand nursing roles to support professional substitution. In adult, neonatal and paediatric intensive care, specialist trained nurses and designated advanced nursing practitioners are increasingly taking on extended practice of clinical tasks previously undertaken by medical staff. As yet there are no statutory regulations on the perceived scope and definition of the role of extended and advanced roles. Design., Systematic review. Methods., Search of electronic databases and selection of policy and peer-reviewed reports and reviews of extended nursing roles or advanced nursing practitioners in UK intensive care settings. Results., Chronological review shows policy development proceeding in a relatively ad hoc way. There is limited information available about how extensively or effectively extended nursing roles are being implemented in intensive care settings in the UK, particularly in adult and paediatric intensive care. To test local initiative findings for reliability and generalisability, a more robust evidence base is required. Conclusions., More data are needed on definition and outcomes of extended nursing roles in intensive care and care process measures should be developed to better inform implementation of nurse role development in the UK. Relevance to clinical practice., The review of policy and research evidence in this paper may better inform clinicians working in adult, neonatal or paediatric intensive care, as they continue to be challenged by expansion and development of their role. It may also help to form a basis and evaluation for future research into extended and advanced nursing roles in intensive care settings. [source] Immediate and 5-year cumulative outcome after paediatric intensive care in SwedenACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 8 2008N. GULLBERG Background: Little has been reported about intensive care of children in Sweden. The aims of this study are to (I) assess the number of admissions, types of diagnoses and length-of-stay (LOS) for all Swedish children admitted to intensive care during the years 1998,2001, and compare paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) with other intensive care units (adult ICUs) (II) assess immediate (ICU) and cumulative 5-year mortality and (III) determine the actual consumption of paediatric intensive care for the defined age group in Sweden. Methods: Children between 6 months and 16 years of age admitted to intensive care in Sweden were included in a national multicentre, ambidirectional cohort study. In PICUs, data were also collected for infants aged 1,6 months. Survival data were retrieved from the National Files of Registration, 5 years after admission. Results: Eight-thousand sixty-three admissions for a total of 6661 patients were identified, corresponding to an admission rate of 1.59/1000 children per year. Median LOS was 1 day. ICU mortality was 2.1% and cumulative 5-year mortality rate was 5.6%. Forty-four per cent of all admissions were to a PICU. Conclusions: This study has shown that Sweden has a low immediate ICU mortality, similar in adult ICU and PICU. Patients discharged alive from an ICU had a 20-fold increased mortality risk, compared with a control cohort for the 5-year period. Less than half of the paediatric patients admitted for intensive care in Sweden were cared for in a PICU. Studies are needed to evaluate whether a centralization of paediatric intensive care in Sweden would be beneficial to the paediatric population. [source] Sedation and neuromuscular blockade in paediatric intensive care; practice in the United Kingdom and North AmericaPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 6 2004Peter Crean MDArticle first published online: 20 MAY 200 First page of article [source] Bereavement in paediatric intensive carePEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 8 2003Charles G. Stack MBBS Summary The death of a child is a very sad event in anyone's life. It also affects all staff in paediatric intensive care units in different ways at different times. The publication of standards of bereavement care in paediatric intensive care hopes to be able to assist medical and nursing staff to understand and feel more confident in this emotionally difficult area of medicine. The aim of this article is to summarize some of the major points made in the document. [source] Sedation and neuromuscular blockade in paediatric intensive care: a review of current practice in the UKPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 2 2003MBBS, Stephen D. Playfor DM SummaryBackground: Our aim was to investigate the current practice of sedation and neuromuscular blockade in critically ill children in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the UK. Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to all PICUs in the UK. Results: The most commonly used sedative agents were midazolam in combination with morphine. Written clinical guidelines for the sedation of critically ill children were available in 45% of units. Sedation is formally assessed in 40% of units. Vecuronium is the most commonly used neuromuscular blocking agent. In the UK, 31% of critically ill children are likely to receive neuromuscular blocking agents. Depth of neuromuscular blockade is routinely assessed in 16% of patients. Conclusions: Relatively few units possess clinical guidelines for the sedation of critically ill children, and only a minority formally assess sedation levels. Where neuromuscular blocking agents are administered, sedation is frequently inadequately assessed and the depth of neuromuscular blockade is rarely estimated. [source] Home care for chronic respiratory failure in children: 15 years experiencePEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 4 2002L. APPIERTO MD Background:,Advances in paediatric intensive care have reduced mortality but, unfortunately, one of the consequences is an increase in the number of patients with chronic diseases. It is generally agreed that home care of children requiring ventilatory support improves their outcomes and results in cost saving for the National Health Service. Methods:,Since 1985, the Children's Hospital Bambino Gesł of Rome has developed a program of paediatric home care. The program is performed by a committed Home Health Care Team (HHCT) which selects the eligible patients for home care and trains the families to treat their child. During the period January 1985 to January 2001, 53 children with chronic respiratory failure were included in the home care program. Of these, seven patients were successively excluded and six died in our intensive care unit (ICU), while one still lives in our ICU since 1997. The results obtained in the remaining 46 children are reported. Results:,The pathologies consisted of disorders of respiratory control related to brain damage (26%), upper airways obstructive disease (26%), spinal muscular atrophy (22%), myopathies and muscular dystrophies (6.5%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (6.5%), tracheomalacia (6.5%), central hypoventilation syndrome (4.3%) and progressive congenital scoliosis (2.2%). Of these 46 patients, 34 children are mechanically ventilated and the median of their ICU stay was 109.5 days (range 54,214 days), while the remaining 12 children were breathing spontaneously and the median of their ICU stay was 90.5 days (range 61,134 days). We temporarily readmitted six patients to our ICU to perform scheduled otolaryngological surgery, eight patients for acute respiratory infections and two patients for deterioration of their neurological status due to high pressure hydrocephalus for placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; these 16 patients were discharged back home again. Two other patients were readmitted for deterioration of their chronic disease and died in our ICU, while seven patients died at home. Conclusions:,Thirty-seven children are still alive at home and four of them improved their respiratory condition so that it was possible to remove the tracheostomy tube. Our oldest patient has now achieved 15 years of mechanical ventilation at home. [source] Sedoanalgesia in paediatric intensive care: a survey of 19 Italian unitsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2010F Benini Abstract Aim:, To analyse the methods used to manage and monitor sedoanalgesia at Italian paediatric intensive care units (ICUs). Methods:, Data were collected by administering a questionnaire that aimed to investigate whether ICUs adopted a validated protocol to manage sedoanalgesia. Results:, The results revealed that a majority of the ICUs adopt a protocol for dealing with sedation and analgesia, but this protocol is implemented with difficulty or not at all in routine clinical practice. The most often used pharmacological combination, is midazolam and fentanyl. Several weaknesses remain in terms of the methods used to assess sedoanalgesia, which are generally not standardized, but rather based on recording the patient's physiological parameters. Conclusion:, Sedation and analgesia are priority issues in the management of critically ill children. None of the numerous drugs available is ideal and the protocols currently used in clinical practice involve the combined use of different drugs. There is currently no shared and validated approach as to which is the most effective and safest sedoanalgesic regimen in critically ill children. [source] A case of near-drowning: a case for routine cerebral monitoringACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 3 2010V Ponnusamy Abstract A 6-week-old infant presenting with near-drowning was medically paralysed and ventilated on admission. Status epilepticus was found on cerebral function monitoring, without which the diagnosis would have been missed or delayed for many hours. This case illustrates the value of cerebral function monitoring for patients in intensive care, where clinical signs of seizure activity are frequently masked by paralysis and sedation. Conclusion:, Limited availability of electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral function monitoring (CFM) in paediatric intensive care may inadvertently delay diagnosis and appropriate treatments and so adversely affect outcomes. We propose that round-the-clock cerebral function and/or EEG monitoring should be available in all centres that provide paediatric intensive care. [source] | ||||||||||