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Pneumococcal Pneumonia (pneumococcal + pneumonia)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era: Incidence, risk, and impact of the pneumococcal vaccination

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2004
C. López-Palomo
Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the factors implicated in an increased or decreased risk of pneumonia, with particular attention to the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the effect of the polysaccharide 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination in 300 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults followed-up for a median of 35.6 months. Pneumococcal pneumonia occurred in 12 patients and all bacterial pneumonia (pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or other bacteria, as well as those with negative cultures but presumably bacterial in origin) in 40 patients. In the univariate analysis, immunodepressed patients (defined as those with less than 200 CD4+ T cell/,l), those without immunological response to HAART (defined as an increase of 25% of CD4+ T lymphocyte count), patients with previous admissions to hospital and those with cotrimoxazole or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare prophylaxis showed a higher incidence of both pneumococcal and all bacterial pneumonia. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with a CD4+ lymphocyte count at the time of HIV diagnosis <200 cells/,l. The multivariate model that was more valid for prediction of all bacterial pneumonia included a CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/,l and absence of immunological response to HAART. Only in patients with a baseline CD4+ T cell count lower than 200/,l and immunological response to HAART, a near significant lower incidence of all bacterial pneumonia was observed after vaccination. Thus, these results do not support an important additional protective effect of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-patients with immunological response to HAART. J. Med. Virol. 72:517,524, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Severe pneumococcal pneumonia following treatment with infliximab for Crohn's disease,

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 4 2001
Dr. Marc A. Ritz M.D.
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era: Incidence, risk, and impact of the pneumococcal vaccination

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 4 2004
C. López-Palomo
Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the factors implicated in an increased or decreased risk of pneumonia, with particular attention to the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the effect of the polysaccharide 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination in 300 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults followed-up for a median of 35.6 months. Pneumococcal pneumonia occurred in 12 patients and all bacterial pneumonia (pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or other bacteria, as well as those with negative cultures but presumably bacterial in origin) in 40 patients. In the univariate analysis, immunodepressed patients (defined as those with less than 200 CD4+ T cell/,l), those without immunological response to HAART (defined as an increase of 25% of CD4+ T lymphocyte count), patients with previous admissions to hospital and those with cotrimoxazole or Mycobacterium avium intracellulare prophylaxis showed a higher incidence of both pneumococcal and all bacterial pneumonia. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of pneumococcal pneumonia was associated with a CD4+ lymphocyte count at the time of HIV diagnosis <200 cells/,l. The multivariate model that was more valid for prediction of all bacterial pneumonia included a CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/,l and absence of immunological response to HAART. Only in patients with a baseline CD4+ T cell count lower than 200/,l and immunological response to HAART, a near significant lower incidence of all bacterial pneumonia was observed after vaccination. Thus, these results do not support an important additional protective effect of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in HIV-patients with immunological response to HAART. J. Med. Virol. 72:517,524, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

New insights into pneumococcal disease

RESPIROLOGY, Issue 2 2009
Charles FELDMAN
ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a common cause of disease and death throughout the world. Despite considerable research into various aspects of this infection, there still remain a number of unresolved issues, as well as considerable ongoing controversies, particularly with regard to its optimal management. Among the risk factors for pneumococcal pneumonia, cigarette smoking has been shown to play a major role, more recently among HIV-infected individuals. Considerable recent research has focused on determining the role of the various protein virulence factors in disease pathogenesis. Among the ongoing controversies has been an appreciation of the true impact of antimicrobial resistance on the outcome of pneumococcal infections, as well an understanding of the role of combination antibiotic therapy in the more severely ill hospitalized cases. An important advance in the prevention of pneumococcal infections has been the introduction of the pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine. [source]

The role of pneumolysin in pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2004
R. A. HIRST
SUMMARY Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae include pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis. All these are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pneumococcus can colonize the nasopharynx, and this can be a prelude to bronchopneumonia and invasion of the vasculature space. Proliferation in the blood can result in a breach of the blood,brain barrier and entry into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) where the bacteria cause inflammation of the meningeal membranes resulting in meningitis. The infected host may develop septicaemia and/or meningitis secondary to bronchopneumonia. Also septicaemia is a common precursor of meningitis. The mechanisms surrounding the sequence of infection are unknown, but will be dependent on the properties of both the host and bacterium. Treatment of these diseases with antibiotics leads to clearance of the bacteria from the infected tissues, but the bacteriolytic nature of antibiotics leads to an acute release of bacterial toxins and thus after antibiotic therapy the patients can be left with organ-specific deficits. One of the main toxins released from pneumococci is the membrane pore forming toxin pneumolysin. Here we review the extensive studies on the role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal diseases. [source]