Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
P Treatment (p + treatment)
Selected AbstractsEffects of benzo[a]pyrene on tissue activities of metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant system in normal and protein-malnourished ratsJOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Osama A. Badary Abstract The effects of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on some drug-metabolizing and antioxidant systems in liver, lung, and stomach were investigated in normal and protein malnutrition (PM) rats. PM significantly inhibited tissue glutathione (GSH) content and increased hepatic lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A1 was significantly increased in various tissues (42,73%). Also, lung glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly decreased (19%) in PM rats. On the other hand, B[a]P significantly induced tissue GSH of control and PM rats. Also, hepatic lipid peroxidation were significantly increased in control rats treated with B[a]P. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased by B[a]P treatment in PM rat stomach. B[a]P significantly induced both quinone reductase (QR) (in all tissues) and hepatic GST of control and PM rats. GST activity in PM rat liver was significantly higher than that of control rat liver after B[a]P treatment. Also, B[a]P induced hepatic CYP1A1 by 32-fold and 27-fold (P , 0.05) in control and PM rats, respectively. Stomach and hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities were significantly decreased (34%) and increased (74%), respectively by B[a]P in PM rats. The results suggest that PM status has a modifying effect on the response of some antioxidant and metabolizing systems to a well-known carcinogen risk. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17:86,91, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.10064 [source] Assessment of progestin-only therapy for endometriosis in macaqueJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2008G. Maginnis Abstract Background, Endometriosis is a condition where endometrium-like tissue forms lesions at ectopic sites outside the uterus. In women, oral contraceptive pills and progestins are often prescribed as therapy for early stage endometriosis. In contrast, in macaques the disease is frequently advanced at the time of diagnosis and ovariectomy is the standard therapy. However, surgery is contraindicated in many patients. A review of 15 endometriosis cases over the past 10 years at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) revealed that 5 failed to show improvement after ovariectomy and were subsequently euthanized. Therefore, our goal was to assess the feasibility of treating endometriosis in macaques with chronic progesterone (P) as an alternative therapy for the disease. Methods, Seven adult rhesus macaques with advanced endometriosis were identified by clinical symptoms and endometriosis was confirmed by abdominal palpation, ultrasound examination, and/or aspiration of menstrual blood from abdominal cysts. The patients were chronically treated with Silastic capsules that released 5,7 ng P /ml in blood for up to 20 months. During treatment the patients were assessed daily and scored numerically for appetite, activity, attitude, abdominal discomfort and menstruation by the Clinical Veterinary staff. The patients were then re-examined by abdominal palpation and ultrasound for the disease at the end of treatment. Results, During the first 2 weeks of treatment, endometriotic symptoms improved significantly in all the patients (P < 0.05). This was associated with a significant increase in body weight and significant reduction in abdominal discomfort and menstrual bleeding. Two of the patients gradually developed increased symptoms of the disease after 5 months of treatment. Post-treatment abdominal examination revealed that 2/5 patients continued to have an abdominal mass even though symptoms were suppressed. Conclusions, We conclude that continuous P treatment of rhesus monkeys provides therapeutic benefit to reduce symptoms of endometriosis and may provide an option for cases where ovariectomy is contraindicated. Supported by RR-00163. [source] Combinatorial treatments enhance recovery following facial nerve crush,,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2010Nijee Sharma BS Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: To investigate the effects of various combinatorial treatments, consisting of a tapering dose of prednisone (P), a brief period of nerve electrical stimulation (ES), and systemic testosterone propionate (TP) on improving functional recovery following an intratemporal facial nerve crush injury. Study Design: Prospective, controlled animal study. Methods: After a right intratemporal facial nerve crush, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following eight treatment groups: 1) no treatment, 2) P only, 3) ES only, 4) ES + P, 5) TP only, 6) TP + P, 7) ES + TP, and 8) ES + TP + P. For each group n = 4,8. Recovery of the eyeblink reflex and vibrissae orientation and movement were assessed. Changes in peak amplitude and latency of evoked response, in response to facial nerve stimulation, was also recorded weekly. Results: Brief ES of the proximal nerve stump most effectively accelerated the initiation of functional recovery. Also, ES or TP treatments enhanced recovery of some functional parameters more than P treatment. When administered alone, none of the three treatments improved recovery of complete facial function. Only the combinatorial treatment of ES + TP, regardless of the presence of P, accelerated complete functional recovery and return of normal motor nerve conduction. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a combinatorial treatment strategy of using brief ES and TP together promises to be an effective therapeutic intervention for promoting regeneration following facial nerve injury. Administration of P neither augments nor hinders recovery. Laryngoscope, 2010 [source] Physiological changes in soybean (Glycine max) Wuyin9 in response to N and P nutritionANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2002YINBO GAN Summary Phosphorus deficiency is a very common problem in the acid soil of central China. Previous research has shown that starter N and N topdressing at the flowering stage (Rl) increased soybean (Glycine max) yield and N2 fixation (Gan et al, 1997, 2000). However, there is little information available concerning soybean response to P-fertiliser in soybean production in central China (Gan, 1999). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the response to P (0 kg P ha,1, 22 kg P ha,1, 44 kg P ha,1 before sowing) and N fertiliser application (N1: 0 kg N ha,1, N2: 25 kg N ha,1 before sowing, N3: N2 + 50 kg N ha,1 at the V2 stage and N4: N2 + 50 kg N ha,1 at the R1 stage) on growth, yield and N2 fixation of soybean. Both N and P fertiliser increased growth and seed yield of soybean (P < 0.01). Application of basal P fertiliser at 22 kg P ha,1 or 44 kg P ha,1 increased total N accumulation by 11% and 10% (P < 0.01) and seed yield by 12% and 13% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero P treatment. Although application of starter N at 25 kg N ha,1 had no positive effect on seed yield at any P level (P > 0.05), an application of a topdressing of 50 kg N ha,1 at the V2 or R1 stage increased total N accumulation by 11% and 14% (P < 0.01) and seed yield by 16% and 21% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared to the zero N treatment. Soybean plants were grown on sterilised Perlite in the greenhouse experiment to study the physiological response to different concentrations of phosphate (P1: 0 mM; P2: 0.05 mM; P3: 0.5 mM; P4:1.0 mN) and nitrate (N1: 0 mM with inoculation, N2: 20 mM with inoculation). The result confirmed that N and P nutrients both had positive effects on growth, nodulation and yield (P < 0.01). The relative importance of growth parameters that contributed to the larger biomass with N and P fertilisation was in decreasing order: (i) total leaf area, (ii) individual leaf area, (iii) shoot/root ratio, (iv) leaf area ratio and (v) specific leaf area. The yield increase at N and P supply was mainly associated with more seeds and a larger pod number per plant, which confirmed the result from the field experiment. [source] Long-term acclimatization of hydraulic properties, xylem conduit size, wall strength and cavitation resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris in response to different environmental effectsPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 5 2006ELLEN K. HOLSTE ABSTRACT Phaseolus vulgaris grown under various environmental conditions was used to assess long-term acclimatization of xylem structural characteristics and hydraulic properties. Conduit diameter tended to be reduced and ,wood' density (of ,woody' stems) increased under low moisture (,dry'), increased soil porosity (,porous soil') and low phosphorus (,low P') treatments. Dry and low P had the largest percentage of small vessels. Dry, low light (,shade') and porous soil treatments decreased P50 (50% loss in conductivity) by 0.15,0.25 MPa (greater cavitation resistance) compared with ,controls'. By contrast, low P increased P50 by 0.30 MPa (less cavitation resistance) compared with porous soil (the control for low P). Changes in cavitation resistance were independent of conduit diameter. By contrast, changes in cavitation resistance were correlated with wood density for the control, dry and porous soil treatments, but did not appear to be a function of wood density for the shade and low P treatments. In a separate experiment comparing control and porous soil plants, stem hydraulic conductivity (kh), specific conductivity (ks), leaf specific conductivity (LSC), total pot water loss, plant biomass and leaf area were all greater for control plants compared to porous soil plants. Porous soil plants, however, demonstrated higher midday stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs), apparently because they experienced proportionally less midday xylem cavitation. [source] Changes in vegetation types and Ellenberg indicator values after 65 years of fertilizer application in the Rengen Grassland Experiment, GermanyAPPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Milan Chytrý Abstract Question: How does semi-natural grassland diversify after 65 years of differential application of Ca, N, P, and K fertilizers? Is fertilizer application adequately reflected by the Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs)? Location: Eifel Mountains, West Germany. Methods: The Rengen Grassland Experiment (RGE) was established in an oligotrophic grassland in 1941. Six fertilizer treatments (Ca, CaN, CaNP, CaNP-KCl, CaNP-K2SO4, and unfertilized control) were applied annually in five complete randomized blocks. Species composition of experimental plots was sampled in 2006 and compared with constancy tables representing grassland types in a phytosociological monograph of a wider area. Each plot was matched to the most similar community type using the Associa method. Mean EIVs were calculated for each treatment. Results: The control plots supported oligotrophic Nardus grassland of the Polygalo-Nardetum association (Violion caninae alliance). Vegetation in the Ca and CaN treatments mostly resembled montane meadow of Geranio-Trisetetum (Polygono-Trisetion). Transitional types between Poo-Trisetetum and Arrhenatheretum (both from the Arrhenatherion alliance) developed in the CaNP treatment. In the CaNP-KCl and CaNP-K2SO4 treatments, vegetation corresponded to the mesotrophic Arrhenatheretum meadow. Major discontinuity in species composition was found between control, Ca, and CaN treatments, and all treatments with P application. EIVs for both nutrients and soil reaction were considerably higher in P treatments than in Ca and CaN treatments. Surprisingly, the control plots had the lowest EIVs for continentality and moisture, although these factors had not been manipulated in the experiment. Conclusions: Long-term fertilizer application can create different plant communities belonging to different phytosociological alliances and classes, even within a distance of a few meters. Due to their correlated nature, EIVs can erroneously indicate changes in factors that actually did not change, but co-varied with factors that did change. In P-limited ecosystems, EIVs for nutrients may indicate availability of P rather than N. [source] Effects of Diet and Water Source on the Nursery Production of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannameiJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 2 2001Clete A. Otoshi Penaeid shrimp reared in eutrophic pond water grow significantly faster than shrimp in clear well water, and this growth enhancement is especially pronounced in postlarval shrimp. The objective of this study was to determine if the nutritional benefits of pond water could supplement a lower protein feed for postlarval Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sixteen 230-L tanks were stocked with 10-d postlarvae at a density of 350 shrimp/tank. Four treatments (four replicates/treatment) were tested for 6 wk and consisted of: 1) shrimp grown in well water and fed a commercially available 45%-protein feed (W/45); 2) shrimp grown in pond water and fed the same 45%-protein feed (P/45); 3) shrimp grown in well water and fed a commercially available 52%-protein feed (W/ 52); and 4) shrimp grown in pond water and fed the same 52%-protein feed (P/52). At the end of the experiment. mean weight gain (± SE) for shrimp in pond water (1.85 ± 0.03 g) was significantly greater (P > 0.0001) than shrimp in well water (0.98 ± 0.10 g). Mean weight gain for shrimp fed the 52%-protein feed (1.56 ± 0.13 g) was significantly greater (P > 0.0001) than shrimp fed the 45%-protein feed (1.26 ± 0.20 g). In addition, there was a significant interaction effect between water source and feed (P > 0.0001). Mean weight gain for shrimp in the W/52 treatment (1.23 ± 0.04 g) was 68% greater than shrimp in the W/45 treatment (0.73 ± 0.03 g). However, mean weight gain for shrimp in the P/52 treatment (1.90 ± 0.03 g) was only 5% greater than shrimp in the P/45 treatment (1.80 ± 0.04 g). These results suggest that organically rich pond water provides postlarval shrimp with sufficient nutrients to compensate for nutritional deficiencies associated with a lower protein feed. [source] | ||||||||||||||||