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Overt Aggression (overt + aggression)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences25%
Life Sciences25%

Terms modified by Overt Aggression

  • overt aggression scale
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    Selected Abstracts

    Absence of a dominance hierarchy confirms territorial organization in male bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766)

    AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    Torsten Wronski
    Abstract It has been suggested that all species of spiral-horned antelopes (Tragelaphini) lack territoriality. Furthermore, some authors suggested that bushbuck (Tragelpahus scriptus) males form dominance hierarchies. In this study, we investigated the dominance relationships in two groups of free-ranging bushbuck males in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Adult males dominated young-adult bachelors and subadult males, but no distinct dominance relationships were found among adult males. Landau,s index of linearity revealed no linear dominance hierarchy in the study populations. Our results support the idea that adult males are territorial, and overt aggression is directed almost exclusively towards bachelors that challenge territory holders. Résumé On a suggéré que toutes les espèces d'antilopes à cornes spiralées (Tragelaphineae) ne montraient pas de territorialité. Qui plus est, certains auteurs ont suggéré que les mâles Guib harnaché (Tragelaphus scriptus) formaient des hiérarchies par dominance. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché les relations de dominance dans deux groupes de mâles Guib harnaché vivant en liberté dans le Parc National Queen Elizabeth, en Ouganda. Les mâles adultes dominaient les jeunes mâles célibataires et les mâles sub-adultes, mais on n'a trouvé aucune relation de dominance distincte entre les mâles adultes. L'index de linéarité de Landau n'a révélé aucune hiérarchie linéaire de dominance dans les populations de l'étude. Nos résultats soutiennent l'idée que les mâles adultes sont territoriaux, et toute agression manifeste est dirigée presque exclusivement vers les jeunes célibataires qui défient ceux qui détiennent un territoire. [source]

    Sex differences in relational and overt aggression in the late elementary school years

    AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2010
    Janet Kistner
    Abstract Sex differences in relational and overt aggression among 3rd (n=176), 4th (n=179), and 5th graders (n=145) from three public schools (n=500; 278 girls) were examined. Nominations of relational aggression increased over time among 4th and 5th grade girls, but not among boys or 3rd grade girls. Among 3rd graders, boys received more nominations for relational aggression than girls. By the end of the 5th grade, girls received more relational aggression nominations than boys. There was also a significant rise in nominations of overt aggression among 5th grade girls, but not among 5th grade boys or younger boys and girls. As expected, boys were more likely than girls to be nominated for overt aggression at all grade levels. The findings are helpful for explaining inconsistencies of earlier research pertaining to sex differences in relational aggression and for advancing our understanding of the causes of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 36:282,291, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Social status and shaming experiences related to adolescent overt aggression at school

    AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 1 2009
    Cecilia Åslund
    Abstract Feelings of rejection and humiliation in interpersonal interaction are strongly related to aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between social status, shaming experiences, gender and adolescent aggressive behavior by using a status,shaming model. A population-based sample of 5,396 adolescents aged from 15 to 18 completed a questionnaire that asked questions regarding psychosocial background, shaming experiences, social status of family, peer group and school and involvement in physical or verbal aggression at school. Shaming experiences, i.e. being ridiculed or humiliated by others, were strongly related to aggressive behavior. Social status and shaming were related in the prediction of aggressive behavior, suggesting that a person's social status may influence the risk for taking aggressive action when subjected to shaming experiences. Medium social status seemed to have a protective function in the association between shaming experiences and aggression. This study confirms the importance of further evaluation of the role of perceived social status and shaming experiences in the understanding of aggressive behavior. Moreover, the results indicate the need for different kinds of status measures when investigating the associations between status and behavior in adolescent populations. The results may have important implications for the prevention of bullying at school as well as other deviant aggressive behavior among adolescents. Aggr. Behav. 35:1,13, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Violence and race in professional baseball: Getting better or getting worse?

    AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2002
    Thomas A. Timmerman
    Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between race and violence in the context of professional baseball. Specifically, I used the number of times a batter was hit by a pitch (per plate appearance) as an indicator of being the victim of an indirect violent act. Archival data were gathered from 4,273 players from 1950 to 1997, yielding 27,022 individual records. Even after controlling for player ability and league rules, race was a significant predictor of being hit. Specifically, from 1950 to 1997, the rate at which Blacks were hit was approximately 7.5% greater than the rate for Whites. The rate at which Hispanics were hit was approximately 7.6% greater than the rate for Whites. Testing year as a moderator revealed that the Black-White difference was much greater in the 1950s and 1960s. From 1970 to 1989, race was not a significant predictor of being hit. Contrary to the hypotheses, from 1990 to 1997, Whites and Hispanics were hit at a significantly higher rate than Blacks (23.0% and 29.0%, respectively). Additional analyses revealed no relationship between pitcher race and batter race in hit-by-pitch events from 1997 to 1999. The findings are discussed with respect to group threat theory and the distinction between covert and overt aggression. Aggr. Behav. 28:109,116, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Assaultive Behavior Intervention in the Veterans Administration: Psychodynamic Group Psychotherapy Compared to Cognitive Behavior Therapy

    PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2002
    Marilyn L. Lanza DNSc
    PURPOSE. To compare the efficacy of a psychodynamic psychotherapy group (PPG) and a cognitive-behavior group (CBG) for male veterans with a history of assault. METHODS. Data collected included the Addiction Severity Index, the Overt Aggression Scale, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Subjects (N = 27) were assigned randomly to a central group, PPG, or CBG. Analyses included an overall comparison of the groups as well as repeated-measures analyses and adjustments for covariates. FINDINGS. The PPG showed a trend toward improvement of overt aggression and significant improvement of trait aggression compared with CBG. There were no differences in state aggression or efforts to control aggression. CONCLUSIONS. Both the PPG and CBG are effective treatments for aggression. [source]

    Cuticular hydrocarbons in a termite: phenotypes and a neighbour,stranger effect

    PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2002
    Manfred Kaib
    Abstract The composition of cuticular hydrocarbons of different colonies of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes falciger shows considerable intercolonial variation. Ordination, as well as cluster analyses, separate profiles into three distinct chemical phenotypes. Behavioural tests with major workers reveal no alarm behaviour or mortality in pairings of workers from the same colony but a full range from no alarm to overt aggression, with associated death, when individuals were paired from different colonies. The level of mortality increases with differences in the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons between colonies. However, no mortality occurs in pairings of individuals from neighbouring colonies belonging to different phenotypes. The data thus provide evidence for a ,neighbour,stranger' effect (so-called ,dear-enemy' phenomenon) in termites. [source]

    Age of Onset as a Discriminator Between Alcoholic Subtypes in a Treatment-Seeking Outpatient Population

    THE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 1 2000
    Bankole A. Johnson M.D., Ph.D.
    Subtyping alcoholics may provide a more accurate guide as to the course and character of the disease. Classifications of different ages of onset of problem drinking have so far resulted in categorical inconsistencies. In the past, hospital-based alcoholics have over-represented those most severely ill, and comprehensive evaluations of psychopathology for discriminating between alcoholic subtypes have been infrequent. In a heterogeneous treatment-seeking, outpatient, alcoholic population, we tested the hypothesis that age of onset represents a continuum of disease, and that greater severity of psychopathology is associated with lower ages of onset. Using a standard questionnaire, 253 male and female treatment-seeking alcoholics were stratified according to specific ages of onset: a) <20 years; b) 20,25 years, and c) >25 years. These age of onset groups were compared on alcohol severity and craving, family history, childhood behavior, personality, hostility, overt aggression, mood, and social functioning. Symptom severity and age of onset were negatively correlated, and the 20,25-year onset group usually had intermediate scores. The <20 year onset group was characterized by greater severity of alcohol-related problems, family history, childhood behavioral problems, craving, hostility, antisocial traits, mood disturbance, and poor social functioning. Alcoholics with an earlier age of onset have relatively greater psychopathology than those of later onset. While the preponderance of psychopathology among those in the <20-year onset group could be conceptualized as a clinical "subtype," such a characterization would not define an entirely homogenous category. Yet, this clinical characterization would be clinically important if specific age of onset levels were found to be differentially sensitive to pharmacological and/or psychological treatments. [source]