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Overlapping
Terms modified by Overlapping Selected AbstractsEffects of Rapid Broadband Trills on Responses to Song Overlapping in NightingalesETHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Philipp Sprau In communication, animals often use complex signals with different traits carrying different information. In the song of some songbirds, both trills and song overlapping signal arousal or the readiness to escalate a contest in male-male interactions, yet they also differ inherently from each other. Song overlapping is restricted to interactions and has a clear directive function as the songs are timed specifically to the songs of a counterpart. Trills, however, can be used without opponents actively singing and do not have such a directional character unless when combined with directed traits. This difference raises the question whether trills can enhance the agonistic function of song overlapping when being used simultaneously. Here, we exposed male nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) prior to pairing to overlapping playback treatments differing in the presence or absence of rapid broadband trills. Males responded differently to the two playback treatments suggesting that song overlapping and rapid broadband trills have some synergistic effects. Consequently, the separate or simultaneous use of trills and of song overlapping may allow males to adjust information encoded in their singing on a fine scale. Furthermore, males that remained unpaired throughout the breeding season responded differently to the playbacks than did subsequently paired males, emphasizing the implications of differences in territory defence behaviour on males subsequent pairing success. [source] Antarctic climate change during the last 50 yearsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005John Turner Abstract An erratum has been published for this article in International Journal of Climatology 25 (8) 2005, 1147,1148. The Reference Antarctic Data for Environmental Research (READER) project data set of monthly mean Antarctic near-surface temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) and wind speed has been used to investigate trends in these quantities over the last 50 years for 19 stations with long records. Eleven of these had warming trends and seven had cooling trends in their annual data (one station had too little data to allow an annual trend to be computed), indicating the spatial complexity of change that has occurred across the Antarctic in recent decades. The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a major warming over the last 50 years, with temperatures at Faraday/Vernadsky station having increased at a rate of 0.56 °C decade,1 over the year and 1.09 °C decade,1 during the winter; both figures are statistically significant at less than the 5% level. Overlapping 30 year trends of annual mean temperatures indicate that, at all but two of the 10 coastal stations for which trends could be computed back to 1961, the warming trend was greater (or the cooling trend less) during the 1961,90 period compared with 1971,2000. All the continental stations for which MSLP data were available show negative trends in the annual mean pressures over the full length of their records, which we attribute to the trend in recent decades towards the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) being in its high-index state. Except for Halley, where the trends are constant, the MSLP trends for all stations on the Antarctic continent for 1971,2000 were more negative than for 1961,90. All but two of the coastal stations have recorded increasing mean wind speeds over recent decades, which is also consistent with the change in the nature of the SAM. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society [source] General Flowshop Models: Job Dependent Capacities, Job Overlapping and DeteriorationINTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002Gerd Finke Several extensions of the two-machine flowshop model that arise in industrial applications are considered. These modifications of the classical case concern buffer capacities that vary with the size of the part, and processing times that are variable and increase in situations of overlapping and long waiting periods between the different operations. [source] Areography of the genus Dendroctonus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in MexicoJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 7 2004Yolanda Salinas-Moreno Abstract Objective, To analyse whether the geographical ranges of Dendroctonus species are (1) associated with factors such as host species or elevation, and (2) in agreement with Halffter's Nearctic distribution pattern. (3) To identify and discuss the factors that are likely to act as barriers to the genus' geographical distribution. (4) To explore whether there is an association between the size of the geographical ranges of Dendroctonus species and the number of Pinus host species used by each of them, and (5) to assess if these host species are most common at the elevations preferred by the individual Dendroctonus species. Site, Mexico. Methods, Records of 12 species of Dendroctonus were gathered from entomological collections in Mexico. Distribution ranges were defined by using the propinquity method (Rapoport, 1975a). Analysed parameters were: (1) geographical distribution of single species, (2) overlapping of species ranges, (3) disjunction patterns and barriers by means of isoprobabilistic lines, based on the morphotectonic subdivision of Mexico (Ferrusquía-Villafranca, 1998), (4) spatial variation in species richness with respect to latitude and altitude, (5) size of geographical ranges, and (6) host species for each Dendroctonus species. A correlation was determined between area size and number of pine host species. Results, The species ranges varied in shape and size. Geographical ranges tend to be discontinuous in shape. Composite patterns showed that disjunctions among ranges do not closely follow Mexico's morphotectonic subdivision. There are repeated discontinuities among individual distributions, which define five areas: (1) Baja California Peninsula, (2) Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOC), (3) northern Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOR), (4) Sierra Madre de Chiapas, and (5) SMOR + Faja Volcanica Transmexicana (FVT) + Sierra Madre del Sur. The isoprobabilistic lines confirm that the inner part of SMOC provides an optimal environment for the genus, and the FVT province constitutes the broader corridor for it in the country. Richness does not directly decrease or increase with latitude. Richness behaviour of the insect is not associated with that of its host. Elevation distributions showed that most Dendroctonus species move within broad margins of tolerance and species richness is concentrated in the montane interval. Dendroctonus attack 24 of the 47 Pinus species distributed in Mexico. Preferred pine species belong predominantly to Leiophyllae, Ponderosae and Oocarpae subsections. The Spearman rank correlation between area size and number of pine host species was not significant. Dendroctonus clearly belongs to a Nearctic distribution pattern (sensuHalffter, 1987). Main conclusions,Dendroctonus is present in all montane systems of Mexico and its species coexist within a high geographical sympatry. Overlapping of species distribution appears to be the result of two elements , generalized polyphagy inside Pinus and a wide elevation tolerance within mountainous environments. This behaviour, linked to a high vagility, has allowed the genus Dendroctonus to expand its distribution across Mexico and to employ mountainous systems as corridors separated by barriers that exert a low selective filter effect. [source] Increased Dosage during Intracoronary Irradiation Due to Overlapped Source Stepping Shows No Long-Term Adverse Changes in Vessel MorphologyJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 3 2004BONNI SYEDA M.Sc., M.D. Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate if overdosage during intracoronary irradiation due to overlapped source stepping may result in long-term morphologic changes in vessel anatomy. Methods: Baseline angiograms of patients with in-stent restenosis undergoing coronary reintervention followed by intracoronary irradiation with source stepping were analyzed. Overlapping was considered present for the segment with overlapped reference isodose length (RIL) (RIL = segment with ,90% of reference dose at 1 mm vessel wall depth). Baseline and 6-months follow-up volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) analysis were performed for the overlapped segment and for proximal and distal segments of equal length. Results: Overlapping was found in six patients (three patients: 32P treatment; three patients: 90Sr/Y treatment); final analysis was performed in four patients. Comparison of the baseline and follow-up IVUS volumetric parameters revealed no significant change in lumen or vessel volumes at segments of overlaps in comparison to proximal and distal reference segments. Conclusion: Increased dosage due to overlapping during source stepping is not associated with morphologic changes in vessel anatomy at follow-up. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:143,149) [source] A family of octapamine receptors that specifically induce cyclic AMP production or Ca2+ release in Drosophila melanogasterJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2005Sabine Balfanz Abstract In invertebrates, the biogenic-amine octopamine is an important physiological regulator. It controls and modulates neuronal development, circadian rhythm, locomotion, ,fight or flight' responses, as well as learning and memory. Octopamine mediates its effects by activation of different GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor types, which induce either cAMP production or Ca2+ release. Here we describe the functional characterization of two genes from Drosophila melanogaster that encode three octopamine receptors. The first gene (Dmoa1) codes for two polypeptides that are generated by alternative splicing. When heterologously expressed, both receptors cause oscillatory increases of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to applying nanomolar concentrations of octopamine. The second gene (Dmoa2) codes for a receptor that specifically activates adenylate cyclase and causes a rise of intracellular cAMP with an EC50 of ,3 × 10,8 m octopamine. Tyramine, the precursor of octopamine biosynthesis, activates all three receptors at ,,100-fold higher concentrations, whereas dopamine and serotonin are non-effective. Developmental expression of Dmoa genes was assessed by RT,PCR. Overlapping but not identical expression patterns were observed for the individual transcripts. The genes characterized in this report encode unique receptors that display signature properties of native octopamine receptors. [source] Symptom overlap in patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints in the Canadian confirmatory acid suppression test (CAST) study: further psychometric validation of the reflux disease questionnaireALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 9 2007S. V. VAN ZANTEN Summary Background The reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) is a short, patient-completed instrument. Aims To investigate the psychometric characteristics of the RDQ in patients with heartburn-predominant (HB) and non-heartburn predominant (NHB) dyspepsia. Methods HB (n = 388) and NHB (n = 733) patients were randomized to esomeprazole 40 mg daily or twice daily for 1 week, followed by 3 weeks of esomeprazole 40 mg daily. Results High factor loadings (0.78,0.86) supported the ,regurgitation' dimension of the RDQ. Overlapping factor loadings in the ,heartburn' and ,dyspepsia' dimensions suggested symptom overlap. All dimensions demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.79,0.90). Intra-class correlation coefficients over 4 weeks were good (0.66,0.85). The RDQ showed good responsiveness over 4 weeks of treatment, with high effect sizes (,0.80). Moderate or large symptom improvements were reported by 90% and 77% of HB and NHB patients, respectively, following treatment. Patients who responded to acid suppression also experienced symptom benefits in all RDQ dimensions. Conclusions The RDQ is reliable, valid and responsive to change in HB and NHB patients. The symptom overlap is important but need not play a major role in determining treatment strategy as both patient groups benefited from proton pump inhibitor treatment. [source] Histologic evaluation of skin damage after overlapping and nonoverlapping flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser pulses: A study on normal human skin as a model for port wine stainsLASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2001Petra H.L. Koster MD Abstract Background and Objective In the treatment of port wine stains (PWS) with the flashlamp pumped pulsed dye laser (FPPDL), no consensus exists about overlapping of pulses. The advantage of overlapping pulses is homogeneous lightening of the PWS; the risk is redundant tissue damage. The aim of this study was to determine the histopathologic effect on human skin of pulsed dye laser pulses with various degrees of overlap, with normal human skin as a model for PWS. Study Design/Materials and Methods Eighteen healthy white volunteers were irradiated with pulsed dye laser pulses with increasing radiant exposure and with different degrees of overlap. Biopsy samples were taken and histologically analysed. Results Overlapping of pulses on normal human skin enhances depth of vascular damage with approximately 30%. Adjacent pulses also show this effect. We found no histologic signs of serious damage to epidermis or dermal connective tissue by using radiant exposure levels of 6,8 J/cm2, regardless of pulse application. Conclusions Reasoning that the mechanism of tissue injury is comparable for normal and PWS skin, we conclude that it is safe to treat PWS with overlapping FPPDL pulses to achieve homogeneous lightening. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:176,181, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry in Concentrated Suspensions Part Two: Particle OverlappingPARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION, Issue 6 2004Ulrich Riebel Abstract Transmission fluctuations measured on a flowing suspension of particles with a high spatial and temporal resolution can be used to measure the particle size distribution and particle concentration. The theory of transmission fluctuation spectrometry (TFS) was recently developed, whereby the statistical behavior of the entire suspension is described on the basis of a single monolayer, in combination with a layer model describing the suspension as a series of independent monolayers. As the monolayers are assumed to be statistically independent from each other, the transmission through the 3-dimensional suspension is modeled as the product of transmissions through the monolayers. [source] AEC Syndrome and CHAND Syndrome: Further Evidence of Clinical Overlapping in the Ectodermal DysplasiasPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2000D. R. Bertola M.D. We report a 5-year-old boy born to nonconsanguineous parents and presenting with ectodermal dysplasia, ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum, and bilateral choanal atresia consistent with the diagnosis of AEC syndrome. We compare the findings in our patient with the previous reported cases and discuss the overlapping phenotype of this disorder with CHAND syndrome. [source] Micro-focus X-ray computed tomography images of the 3D structure of the cranium of a fetus with asymmetric double malformationCONGENITAL ANOMALIES, Issue 1 2006Takashi Shibata ABSTRACT,, Reconstructed micro computed tomography (Micro-CT, µ-CT) images have revealed the detailed three-dimensional structure of the cranium of human fetal congenital anomalies for the first time. The objects were a head and a cervix of female autosite and a parasite consisting of only a head conjoined to the scapular region of the autosite of an asymmetric double malformation (asymmetric conjoined twins, heteropagus twinning) at a gestational age of 8 months. The cranium of the autosite was normal, but that of the parasite was characterized by otocephaly (agnathia, synotia, and monorhina) and almost all the cranial bones were of an abnormal shape. It is suggested that a part of occipital bone (the basioccipital and exoccipital bones), the vomer and cribriform plate were absent and this resulted in the fusion and overlapping of bilateral temporal and craniofacial bones that should have been adjacent to them. This resulted in a reformation and relocation of most of the cranial bones. Micro-CT is a useful tool to visualize the detailed bone structure which has not been clarified by the conventional dissection methods and other imaging technologies and is a powerful instrument for studying congenital anomalies. [source] Effective radial Liapunov exponent for the radial diffusion of test electronsCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 3-4 2003A. Maluckov Abstract The radial diffusion of test electrons in the bounded magnetic field region with irregularities is a realization of the magnetic (deterministic) and collisional (statistical) stochasticities. To clarify the development of stochasticities the effective radial Liapunov exponent Ler, the number of the electron trajectories (magnetic field lines) with positive radial Liapunov exponent Np, the distribution of the radial Liapunov exponent, Kolmogorov entropy and 3D Liapunov exponent are calculated numerically. In the absence of collisions the overlapping among magnetic islands (generation of the global stochasticity) is indicated by the qualitative change from negative to positive Ler in the long time limit. The fact that Np < N, where N is the number of test electrons, is the sign of sticking to the magnetic field structures. From the viewpoint of the radial Liapunov exponents both stochasticities manifest similarly. It is shown that the distribution of the radial Liapunov exponents is not the elementary one, except in the region of the extremely frequent collisions and partially destroyed magnetic field. Transition of the radial diffusion from the strange to the standard diffusion [1] is related with neglecting sticking of the electrons to the magnetic field structures by enough frequent collisions. [source] Non-core subunit eIF3h of translation initiation factor eIF3 regulates zebrafish embryonic developmentDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 6 2010Avik Choudhuri Abstract Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3, which plays a central role in translation initiation, consists of five core subunits that are present in both the budding yeast and higher eukaryotes. However, higher eukaryotic eIF3 contains additional (non-core) subunits that are absent in the budding yeast. We investigated the role of one such non-core eIF3 subunit eIF3h, encoded by two distinct genes,eif3ha and eif3hb, as a regulator of embryonic development in zebrafish. Both eif3h genes are expressed during early embryogenesis, and display overlapping yet distinct and highly dynamic spatial expression patterns. Loss of function analysis using specific morpholino oligomers indicates that each isoform has specific as well as redundant functions during early development. The morphant phenotypes correlate with their spatial expression patterns, indicating that eif3h regulates development of the brain, heart, vasculature, and lateral line. These results indicate that the non-core subunits of eIF3 regulate specific developmental programs during vertebrate embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1632,1644, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Emilin genes are duplicated and dynamically expressed during zebrafish embryonic developmentDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2008Martina Milanetto Abstract Emilins are a family of extracellular matrix proteins with common structural organization and containing a characteristic N-terminal cysteine-rich domain. The prototype of this family, Emilin-1, is found in human and murine organs in association with elastic fibers, and other emilins were recently isolated in mammals. To gain insight into these proteins in lower vertebrates, we investigated the expression of emilins in the fish Danio rerio. Using sequence similarity tools, we identified eight members of this family in zebrafish. Each emilin gene has two paralogs in zebrafish, showing conserved structure with the human ortholog. In situ hybridization revealed that expression of zebrafish emilin genes is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner during embryonic development, with overlapping and site-specific patterns mostly including mesenchymal structures. Expression of certain emilin genes in peculiar areas, such as the central nervous system or the posterior notochord, suggests that they may play a role in key morphogenetic processes. Developmental Dynamics 237:222,232, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparative analysis of Gata3 and Gata2 expression during chicken inner ear developmentDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2007Kersti Lilleväli Abstract The inner ear is a complex sensory organ with hearing and balance functions. Gata3 and Gata2 are expressed in the inner ear, and to gain more insight into their roles in otic development, we made a detailed expression analysis in chicken embryos. At early stages, their expression was highly overlapping. At later stages, Gata2 expression became prominent in vestibular and cochlear nonsensory epithelia. In contrast to Gata2, Gata3 was mainly expressed in the developing sensory epithelia, reflecting the importance of this factor in the sensory,neural development of the inner ear. While the later expression patterns of both Gata3 and Gata2 were highly conserved between chicken and mouse, important differences were observed especially with Gata3 during early otic development, providing indications of divergent molecular control during placode invagination in mice and chickens. We also found indications that the regulatory hierarchy observed in mouse, where Gata3 is upstream of Gata2 and Fgf10, could be conserved in chicken. Developmental Dynamics 236:306,313, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The man with the purple nostrils: a case of rhinotrichotillomania secondary to body dysmorphic disorderACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2002L. F. Fontenelle Objective: To describe a different type of self-injurious behavior that may be secondary to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Method: Single case report. Results: We reported a case of an individual who have developed the self-destructive habit of pulling and severely scraping hairs and debris out of the mucous membrane of his nasal cavities. We have proposed the term rhinotrichotillomania to emphasize the phenomenological overlapping between trichotillomania (TTM) and rhinotillexomania (RTM) exhibited by this case. The main motivation behind the patient's actions was a distressing preoccupation with an imaginary defect in his appearance, which constitutes the core characteristic of BDD. The patient was successfully treated with imipramine. Conclusion: The case suggests that certain features of TTM, RTM, and BDD may overlap and produce serious clinical consequences. Patients with this condition may benefit from a trial of tricyclics when other effective medications, such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are not available for use. [source] Cytological features of cystadenocarcinoma in cyst fluid of the parotid gland: Diagnostic pitfalls and literature reviewDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Akihiko Kawahara C.T., C.M.I.A.C., Ph.D. Abstract Cystadenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, with an estimated incidence of 2% of malignant salivary gland tumors. Cytological diagnosis of cystadenocarcinoma is important for differential diagnosis between benign lesions and malignant tumors with cystic growth. We report a case of cystadenocarcinoma causing difficulty in cytological diagnosis. A 23-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic mass in the left parotid gland that had been present for 2 years. The mass was elastic hard, measuring 30 × 35 mm in diameter. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a small number of tumor cell clusters in the cystic fluid. The cluster was arranged in a ball-like structure and was cohesive with overlapping. Tumor cells had a small vacuolated, soap-bubble appearance in the cytoplasm. The papillary-cystic variant of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC-PCV) was suggested from these findings on FNAC. Histologically, the tumor was not encapsulated, but formed large cystic spaces against a background of fibrous connective tissue. The tumor cells in the cystic dilated duct showed papillary structures, which were continuous with the lining cuboidal cells. There was neither a definite double-layered arrangement in cystic ducts and solid islands nor histological findings characteristic of the papillary-cystic or follicular pattern of ACC-PCV. As tumor cells with a small vacuolated, soap-bubble appearance of the cytoplasm are common findings of both cystadenocarcinoma and ACC-PCV, they are of little use for differentiation; however, they are so characteristic that the majority of benign salivary gland lesions with cystic structures can be excluded, if enough attention is paid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the frontal skullDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Dian Feng M.D., Ph.D. Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma with metastasis to the frontal skull is extremely rare. We report a case of unsuspected papillary thyroid carcinoma with frontal skull metastasis. The patient was a 62-year-old African American woman with presentation of a 4-cm firm, painless, immobile, ill-defined mass at the right forehead. Ultrasound and computer tonography detected a hypervascular and osteolytic tumor involving the skull and overlying skin. Fine-needle aspiration was performed followed by surgical biopsy. Cytologic examination revealed the presence of hypercellular and bloody material. The neoplasm showed glandular features and was composed of clusters of round to oval cells with pinkish squamoid cytoplasm, oval nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli on smears and sections of cell block. With immunocytochemical stain, the neoplastic cells were positive for pancytokeratin and vimentin and focally positive for EMA, while they were negative for S100, HMB45, Melan-A, CD34, GFAP, CD10, LCA, RCC and CD138. The diagnosis was a metastatic carcinoma. Clinical follow up with surgical biopsy was recommended. Surgical biopsy demonstrated histological and cytological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma including prominent papillae, nuclear overlapping, grooves, and intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Thus, a diagnosis of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma was rendered. Though skull metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a skull mass lesion is encountered. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cytological features of signet-ring cell carcinoma of the lung: Comparison with the goblet-cell-type adenocarcinoma of the lungDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Koji Tsuta M.D. Abstract Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) and goblet-cell-type adenocarcinoma (GCA) are mucin-producing lung adenocarcinomas. Primary SRCC shows an aggressive clinical course, whereas GCA shows infrequent distant metastasis, but more frequent intrapulmonary metastases resembling lobar pneumonia. To distinguish SRCC from GCA, this study investigated the respective cytological features of these lesions. We selected 10 cases each of SRCC and GCA from the archival imprint smears. We assessed them for the following 10 cytological features. Necrosis/debris was observed in 60% of the SRCC and 90% of the GCA. A mucinous background was observed in 10% of the SRCC and 90% of the GCA. Significant inflammation was observed in none of the SRCC and 80% of the GCA. Stromal cluster was observed in 30% of the SRCC and 70% of the GCA. Nuclear overlapping was observed in 50% of the SRCC and in all of the GCA. Single tumor cells were observed in 80% of the SRCC and 10% of the GCA. Honeycomb-like cluster was observed in none of the SRCC and 80% of the GCA. Prominent nucleolus was observed in 50% of the SRCC and 40% of the GCA. Nuclear membrane irregularity was observed in 70% of SRCC and 60% of the GCA. Nuclear pleomorphism was observed in all of the SRCC and none of the GCA. The cytological features of SRCC were the presence of single tumor cells and nuclear pleomorphism, whereas that of GCA were the presence of abundant mucin and significant inflammation in the background, and a honeycomb-like cluster. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Migratory connectivity in a declining bird species: using feather isotopes to inform demographic modellingDIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS, Issue 4 2010Thomas S. Reichlin Abstract Aim, Conservation programmes for endangered migratory species or populations require locating and evaluating breeding, stopover and wintering areas. We used multiple stable isotopes in two endangered European populations of wrynecks, Jynx torquilla L., to locate wintering regions and assess the degree of migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering populations. Location, Switzerland and Germany. Methods, We analysed stable nitrogen (,15N), carbon (,13C) and hydrogen (,D) isotopes from wing feathers from two populations of wrynecks to infer their wintering origins and to assess the strength of migratory connectivity. We tested whether variation in feather isotopic values within the Swiss population was affected by bird age and collection year and then considered differences in isotopic values between the two breeding populations. We used isotopic values of summer- and winter-grown feathers to estimate seasonal distributions. Finally, we calculated a species-specific ,D discrimination factor between feathers and mean annual ,D values to assign winter-grown feathers to origin. Results, Bird age and collection year caused substantial isotopic variation in winter-grown feathers, which may be because of annually variable weather conditions, movements of birds among wintering sites and/or reflect asynchronous moulting or selection pressure. The large isotopic variance in winter-grown feathers nevertheless suggested low migratory connectivity for each breeding population, with partially overlapping wintering regions for the two populations. Main conclusions, Isotopic variance in winter-grown feathers of two breeding populations of wrynecks and their geographical assignment point to defined, albeit overlapping, wintering areas, suggesting both leapfrog migration and low migratory connectivity. On this basis, integrative demographic models can be built looking at seasonal survival patterns with links to local environmental conditions on both breeding and wintering grounds, which may elucidate causes of declines in migratory bird species. [source] Downstream variation in bed sediment size along the East Carpathian rivers: evidence of the role of sediment sourcesEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 5 2008Maria R, doane Abstract Taking as an example six main rivers that drain the western flank of the Eastern Carpathians, a conceptual model has been developed, according to which fluvial bed sediment bimodality can be explained by the overlapping of two grain size distribution curves of different origins. Thus, for Carpathian tributaries of the Siret, coarse gravel joins an unimodal distribution presenting a right skewness with enhanced downstream fining. The source of the coarse material distributions is autohtonous (by abrasion and hydraulic sorting mechanisms). A second distribution with a sandy mode is, in general, skewed to the left. The source of the second distribution is allohtonous (the quantity of sand that reaches the river-bed through the erosion of the hillslope basin terrains). The intersection of the two distributions occurs in the area of the 0·5,8 mm fractions, where, in fact, the right skewness (for gravel) and left skewness (for sand) histogram tails meet. This also explains the lack of particles in the 0·5,8 mm interval. For rivers where fine sediment sources are low, the 0·5,8 mm fractions have a higher proportion than the fractions under 1 mm. For the Siret River itself, bed sediment bimodality is greatly enhanced due to the fact that the second mode is more than 25% of the full sample. As opposed to its tributaries, the source of the first mode, of gravel, is allohtonous to the Siret river, generated by the massive input of coarse sediment through the Carpathian tributaries, while the second mode, of the sands, is local. In this case we can also observe that the two distributions of particles of different origins overlap in the 0·5,8 mm fraction domain, creating the illusion of ,particle lack' in the fluvial bed sediments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Aggression in imported fire ants: an explanation for shifts in their spatial distributions in Southern United States?ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2009HENRY Y. FADAMIRO Abstract 1.,The imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (red), S. richteri Forel (black), and their hybrids (S. invicta × S. richteri) are sympatric congeners with overlapping but shifting spatial distributions in northern Alabama and Mississippi, United States. 2.,The abilities of workers of the three ant forms (or species) to recognise non-nestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics were compared in separate aggression bioassays using three group sizes of competitor numbers (battles): 1-1, 5-1, and 5-5 resident,intruder battles. 3.,Workers of all three forms showed significant aggression toward non-nestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics. The results of the intra-specific aggression bioassays showed that S. invicta had the lowest aggression threshold, whereas S. richteri was the least aggressive. Survival rates 1 day after intra-specific encounters were higher for S. richteri than for S. invicta or hybrids, consistent with its lower aggressiveness. 4.,In inter-specific interactions, S. invicta workers showed the greatest aggression and were more aggressive towards S. richteri than to hybrids. Furthermore, survival 1 day after inter-specific encounters was highest for S. invicta workers, whether they were the intruders or residents. The hybrid form was intermediate between both parental forms in aggression and post-aggression survival. 5.,The live 1-1 and 5-5 battles produced similar and consistent results, but differences were amplified in the 5-5 battles, suggesting an effect of group size on aggression. These results may explain the observed shifts in the spatial distributions of the three forms and range restriction of S. richteri in southern United States. [source] As(III) Determination in the Presence of Pb(II) by Differential Alternative Pulses VoltammetryELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 15 2010Roumen Zlatev Abstract Differential Alternative Pulses Voltammetry (DAPV), introduced by the authors earlier, was applied with HMDE for direct As(III) determination in the presence of Pb(II) in natural water without sample pretreatment. Distinguishable peaks of As(III) and Pb(II) were registered in 1,M HCl supporting electrolyte at a concentration ratio as high as 1,:,6, while complete peak overlapping occurs applying DPP at any concentration ratio at the same experimental conditions. In-situ As(III) determinations in the presence of Pb(II) in contaminated ground waters in Mexico were performed, using especially designed disposable safe mercury drop electrodes. [source] A fully automated 2-D LC-MS method utilizing online continuous pH and RP gradients for global proteome analysisELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 23 2007Hu Zhou Abstract The conventional 2-D LC-MS/MS setup for global proteome analysis was based on online and offline salt gradients (step and continuous) using strong-cation-exchange chromatography in conjunction with RP chromatography and MS. The use of the online system with step salt elution had the possibility of resulting in peptide overlapping across fractions. The offline mode had the option to operate with continuous salt gradient to decrease peak overlap, but exhibited decreased robustness, lower reproducibility, and sample loss during the process. Due to the extensive washing requirement between the chromatography steps, online continuous gradient was not an option for salt elution. In this report, a fully automated, online, and continuous gradient (pH continuous online gradient, pCOG) 2-D LC-MS/MS system is introduced that provided excellent separation and identification power. The pH gradient-based elution provided more basic peptides than that of salt-based elution. Fraction overlap was significantly minimized by combining pH and continuous gradient elutions. This latter approach also increased sequence coverage and the concomitant confidence level in protein identification. The salt and pH elution-based 2-D LC-MS/MS approaches were compared by analyzing the mouse liver proteome. [source] Homologues of nitrite reductases in ammonia-oxidizing archaea: diversity and genomic contextENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Rita Bartossek Summary Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are frequent and ubiquitous inhabitants of terrestrial and marine environments. As they have only recently been detected, most aspects of their metabolism are yet unknown. Here we report on the occurrence of genes encoding potential homologues of copper-dependent nitrite reductases (NirK) in ammonia-oxidizing archaea of soils and other environments using metagenomic approaches and PCR amplification. Two pairs of highly overlapping 40 kb genome fragments, each containing nirK genes of archaea, were isolated from a metagenomic soil library. Between 68% and 85% of the open reading frames on these genome fragments had homologues in the genomes of the marine archaeal ammonia oxidizers Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Cenarchaeum symbiosum. Extensions of NirK homologues with C-terminal fused amicyanin domains were deduced from two of the four fosmids indicating structural variation of these multicopper proteins in archaea. Phylogenetic analyses including all major groups of currently known NirK homologues revealed that the deduced protein sequences of marine and soil archaea were separated into two highly divergent lineages that did not contain bacterial homologues. In contrast, another separated lineage contained potential multicopper oxidases of both domains, archaea and bacteria. More nirK gene variants directly amplified by PCR from several environments indicated further diversity of the gene and a widespread occurrence in archaea. Transcription of the potential archaeal nirK in soil was demonstrated at different water contents, but no significant increase in transcript copy number was observed with increased denitrifying activity. [source] Seasonal succession of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum blooms with cylindrospermopsin occurrence in the volcanic Lake Albano, Central ItalyENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Valentina Messineo Abstract The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin is rapidly spreading in the European temperate Countries. Cylindrospermopsin was detected for the first time in Italy in 2004; in this study, the presence of this toxin in Albano Lake (Central Italy) has been correlated to the cyanobacterial species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum and their population dynamics. In 2004, these two species succeeded in the lake during spring, summer, and early autumn without overlapping, causing superficial blooms. Cylindrospermopsin was detected in lake samples by LC-MS/MS and ELISA immunoassay, showing extracellular superficial values ranging from 2.6 to 126 ,g/L, and water column values ranging from 0.41 to 18.4 ,g/L. Twenty-six of 30 positive water samples (86%) exceeded the recommended limit of 1 ,g/L. Intracellular values up to 42.3 ,g/g were measured. Moreover, cylindrospermopsin was detected in tissues from two Salmo trutta trouts (up to 2.7 ng/g) and in a well for drinking water supply (1.6 ,g/L). For the first time, two cyanobacterial species producing cylindrospermopsin were detected in the same lake in Italy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2010. [source] Effects of Rapid Broadband Trills on Responses to Song Overlapping in NightingalesETHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Philipp Sprau In communication, animals often use complex signals with different traits carrying different information. In the song of some songbirds, both trills and song overlapping signal arousal or the readiness to escalate a contest in male-male interactions, yet they also differ inherently from each other. Song overlapping is restricted to interactions and has a clear directive function as the songs are timed specifically to the songs of a counterpart. Trills, however, can be used without opponents actively singing and do not have such a directional character unless when combined with directed traits. This difference raises the question whether trills can enhance the agonistic function of song overlapping when being used simultaneously. Here, we exposed male nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) prior to pairing to overlapping playback treatments differing in the presence or absence of rapid broadband trills. Males responded differently to the two playback treatments suggesting that song overlapping and rapid broadband trills have some synergistic effects. Consequently, the separate or simultaneous use of trills and of song overlapping may allow males to adjust information encoded in their singing on a fine scale. Furthermore, males that remained unpaired throughout the breeding season responded differently to the playbacks than did subsequently paired males, emphasizing the implications of differences in territory defence behaviour on males subsequent pairing success. [source] A New Trinuclear Linear Copper(II) Complex: Unusual Crystal Structure with Semi-Coordinated Thiophene Moieties and Weak Antiferromagnetic Coupling Through the Bridging Imidazolate RingsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 23 2004Yufei F. Song Abstract A trinuclear copper(II) complex, [Cu3(imthio)2(NO3)4(MeOH)2] [where Himthio is 1,1-bis(imidazol-2-yl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-azapropane], has been synthesized by the reaction of Himthio with Cu(NO3)2·3H2O in MeOH. The structure of the copper complex is centrosymmetric and contains a linear trinuclear array of copper atoms. The central copper(II) ion, Cu1, which lies on an inversion centre, is equatorially coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from two anionic imthio ligands and axially by two semicoordinated thiophene sulfur atoms to give an octahedral environment (Cu1,S1 3.136 Å). The Himthio ligand bridges Cu1 and the terminal copper(II) ions through imidazole nitrogen atoms. The coordination around the external ions is completed by the oxygen atoms from two nitrate groups and by a methanol molecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The two terminal copper(II) complexes can be considered to be chelating ligands for the central CuII ion. The EPR spectrum of the complex in MeOH at 77 K shows two mononuclear species, as is fully confirmed by EPR simulation. Magnetic susceptibility of the complex shows weak antiferromagnetic behaviour (J = ,71.37 cm,1) caused by the overlapping of the magnetic orbitals of the copper atoms and the bridging imidazolate rings. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004) [source] Somatodendritic localization of EFA6A, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor 6, and its possible interaction with ,-actinin in dendritic spinesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 3 2007Hiroyuki Sakagami Abstract EFA6A is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors that can specifically activate ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6). In this study, we identified ,-actinin-1 as a possible interacting protein with EFA6A by the yeast two-hybrid screening with its C-terminal region as bait. The central region of ,-actinin-1 containing a part of spectrin repeat 1 and spectrin repeats 2,3 is responsible for this interaction. In the hippocampal formation, EFA6A immunoreactivity occurred at a high level as numerous fine puncta in the strata oriens, radiatum, lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampal CA1,3 subfields and the dentate molecular layer, whereas the immunoreactivity was faint in the neuronal cell layers and the stratum lucidum, the mossy fiber-recipient layer of the CA3 subfield. Double-immunofluorescent analyses revealed a partial overlapping of EFA6A and ,-actinin at the dendritic spines of in vivo and cultured hippocampal neurons. Our present findings suggest that EFA6A may form a protein complex with ,-actinin and activate ARF6 in close proximity of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane proteins in the dendritic spines. [source] The subcellular localization of GABAB receptor subunits in the rat substantia nigraEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, Issue 12 2003Justin Boyes Abstract The inhibitory effects of GABA within the substantia nigra (SN) are mediated in part by metabotropic GABAB receptors. To better understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, we have examined the subcellular localization of the GABAB receptor subunits, GABAB1 and GABAB2, in SN neurons and afferents using pre-embedding immunocytochemistry combined with anterograde or retrograde labelling. In both the SN pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr), GABAB1 and GABAB2 showed overlapping, but distinct, patterns of immunolabelling. GABAB1 was more strongly expressed by putative dopaminergic neurons in the SNc than by SNr projection neurons, whereas GABAB2 was mainly expressed in the neuropil of both regions. Immunogold labelling for GABAB1 and GABAB2 was localized in presynaptic and postsynaptic elements throughout the SN. The majority of labelling was intracellular or was associated with extrasynaptic sites on the plasma membrane. In addition, labelling for both subunits was found on the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes at symmetric, putative GABAergic synapses, including those formed by anterogradely labelled striatonigral and pallidonigral terminals. Labelling was also observed on the presynaptic membrane and at the edge of the postsynaptic density at asymmetric, putative excitatory synapses. Double immunolabelling, using the vesicular glutamate transporter 2, revealed the glutamatergic nature of many of the immunogold-labelled asymmetric synapses. The widespread distribution of GABAB subunits in the SNc and SNr suggests that GABAB -mediated effects in these regions are likely to be more complex than previously described, involving presynaptic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, and postsynaptic receptors on different populations of SN neurons. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||