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Output Increase (output + increase)

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Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Left ventricular unloading and concomitant total cardiac output increase by the use of percutaneous impella recover LP 2.5 assist device during high-risk coronary intervention

CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2005
Marco Valgimigli
Abstract A number of techniques have been proposed for circulatory support during high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but no single approach has achieved wide acceptance so far. We report on a patient with severe left ventricular (LV) impairment who underwent a PCI with the use of a new left ventricular assist device, the Impella Recover LP 2.5 system. The effects on global cardiac output were determined by thermodilution (TD) and LV pressure-volume loops obtained by conductance catheter. The activation of the pump resulted in a rapid and sustained unloading effect of the LV. At the same time, the continuous expulsion of blood into ascending aorta throughout the cardiac cycle produced by the pump resulted in an increase of systemic overall CO, measured by the TD technique, of 1.43 L/min. The procedure was uncomplicated and the patient remained uneventful at follow-up. Our single experience gives new input for future trials to assess the effect of the Impella Recover LP 2.5 assist device on outcome in this subset of patients. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Dynamics of GH secretion during incremental exercise in obesity, before and after a short period of training at different work-loads

CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Alberto Salvadori
Summary Background, Growth hormone (GH) secretion is normally sensitive to physical exercise. Intensity and duration of exercise, fitness and age can all influence the GH response to exercise. In obesity, GH secretion is decreased both in basal conditions and in response to exercise. Objective, To analyse the dynamics of GH response to a progressive cycloergometric test, conducted up to exhaustion, in adult normal subjects and obese patients, after a reconditioning program at different workloads. Design and methods, We studied eight lean subjects (four men, mean age 34·3 years, range 26,47 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 22·1 kg/m2). GH was sampled at baseline and during the last 30 s of each power output increase. Anaerobic threshold (AT) was detected by the V-slope method. The same test was carried out in 16 obese subjects (seven men, mean age 39·1 years, range 20,59 years, mean BMI 35·8 kg/m2) and repeated after a 4-week reconditioning program consisting of aerobic workout (Group A, eight subjects, three men, mean age 40·5 years, range 22,59 years, mean BMI 33·6 kg/m2), and aerobic plus anaerobic work (group B, eight subjects, four men, mean age 37·6 years, range 20,56 years, mean BMI 38·0 kg/m2) for 6 days/week, with no dietary restrictions. Results, Mean exercise peak occurred at higher intensity in controls (140 vs 110 W, P < 0·05), and AT exceeded at higher work outputs than in obese subjects (102 vs 74 W, P < 0·05). In controls, GH response to exercise was prompt and further sustained after AT; in obese subjects, GH increased slowly and insignificantly before AT, thereafter it increased to lower levels than in controls (P < 0·001). Following the reconditioning period, both Group A and Group B of obese subjects failed to improve exercise performance as well as GH response to exercise before AT; beyond AT, a greater GH response to exercise occurred in Group B than Group A (7·59 ± 0·32 ,g/l at peak of exercise) with significantly different Delta AUCs (Area Under the Curves) following AT: 30·5 ± 12 ,g.min/l in Group A vs 124·2 ± 38 ,g.min/l in Group B, P < 0·05. Conclusions Our results confirm the blunted GH response to exercise in obese adults when compared to lean counterparts. With obesity, aerobic training poorly increases the GH response beyond AT, while supplemental anaerobic workload appears to increase GH response beyond AT. These observations may have implications for the prescription of physical exercise, which is one of the recommendations in the management of obesity. [source]

Market Size, Technology Choice, and Market Structure

GERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2002
Walter Elberfeld
We introduce technology choice into a model of monopolistic competition and analyze the structural effects of changes in market size. A larger market leads to the adoption of a large-scale technology. If a technology switch occurs, the number of firms decreases, and a rationalizing effect arises: individual and aggregate output increases; prices fall. This need not benefit consumers since a technology switch is associated with a decrease in product variety. [source]

Diffusion Characteristics of VOCs Indoors

IEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2010
Shin-ichi Shibata Student Member
Abstract Diffusion characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated indoors using tin oxide gas sensors. The chemicals cause various kinds of symptoms in humans, for example, the sick house syndrome. In this study, eight sensors were installed in a vertical direction and on a plane surface. These sensors were of the same type. The VOC is placed in a generation source, and the sensor output increases as the chemical diffuses. The sensor output becomes higher as the concentration increases. The following chemicals were tried as air pollutants: formaldehyde, toluene, and xylene. The sensor output changes in short, quick steps by slight fluctuations of the wind velocity. Therefore, the differential characteristic of the sensor output was adopted and the noise component was removed as far as possible. A threshold time tth to the characteristic was set up. It is assumed that the examining chemical reaches the installed sensor point in a time greater than this time. The new speed of arrival is proposed using the threshold time. The speed s [cm/min] is indicated using the distance d and the reaching time tth, namely, s = d/tth. Here, d means the distance between the sensor position and the polluting source. As a result, the speed for the sensor that is installed near the ceiling (at a height of 260 cm from the floor) is the highest. And, it became obvious that s was larger for the chemical with a smaller molecule. The speed of formaldehyde for the sensor installed near the ceiling was 700 cm/min and that for the sensor installed at the height of 100 cm from the floor was 370 cm/min. There is almost a two times difference in the speed. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source]