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Outer Tissues (outer + tissue)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	60%

Selected Abstracts

Cover Picture: (Adv. Eng.

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2010
Mater.
The INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials in Saarbruecken engages in fundamental and applied materials research-from a chemical, physical and biological perspective. The cover highlights examples of INM's research which is presented in this special issue. The front cover shows biomineralization using the example of crystals embedded in the outer tissue of onion bulbs (courtesy of Birgit Heiland, INM). The back side demonstrates an in situ adhesion experiment in a scanning electron microscope (courtesy of Andreas S. Schneider/Anika Weber, INM). [source]

Tastier and Healthier Alternatives to French Fries

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 4 2010
Caius M. Rommens
ABSTRACT:, The effect of both the origin and shape of potato cuts on fry quality was investigated in this study. Linear strips from the inner core of tubers were compared to those from outer tissues, both before and after processing, and strips from either specific tissues or whole peeled tubers were also evaluated against ring-shaped cuts. Both strips and rings had 0.7 cm sides and, in most cases, a volume of 4.9 cm3. They were analyzed for moisture content, antioxidants, asparagine, and reducing sugars. The material was then blanched, dipped in 0.5% disodium acid pyrophosphate and 0.3% glucose, dried at 77 °C, par-fried in soybean oil at 191 °C, and finish-fried at 168 °C. The fried product was analyzed for sensory characteristics and oil, salt, and acrylamide content. Our results showed that strips from the inner core absorbed 28% more oil and exhibited inferior sensory characteristics compared to strips from the outer parts. The extended drying and frying times needed to match the crispness and flavor of inner strips to those of regularly fried outer strips resulted in a further increased absorption of oil and, importantly, triggered a 163% increase in levels of the toxic Maillard reaction product acrylamide. Potato rings consisted of higher dry matter material, contained more antioxidants, and had a lower surface-to-volume ratio than the conventional linear strips. Upon processing, they also absorbed 22% less oil, contained 26% less salt, and displayed superior sensory properties. Thus, ring fries may represent an attractive alternative to French fries as processed staple food. [source]

Effect of steady torque twisting on the orientation of cortical microtubules in the epidermis of the sunflower hypocotyl

PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
J. Elsner
Abstract Orientation of cortical microtubules (cMTs) is suggested to be affected by mechanical stress existing in cell walls. However, in mutants exhibiting helical (chiral) growth, there is a correlation between orientation of cMTs in outer tissues and helical growth direction. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of a chiral mechanical stimulation on cMTs. For this purpose, the orientation of cMTs was investigated in hypocotyls subjected to either a right- or a left-handed twist, resulting from a steady torque. cMTs were visualised in fixed material using the immunofluorescence method. The cMTs in untouched control hypocotyls were mostly transverse with respect to the cell long axis. In immobilised, but not twisted control hypocotyls, the transverse orientation was also most frequent, while applied twisting resulted in a change in cMT orientation from transverse to oblique. The data provide additional evidence that changes in tissue stress can be reorganized by cortical microtubules. [source]

The Effect of Ultraviolet-Depleted Light on the Flavonol Contents of the Cactus Species Opuntia wilcoxii and Opuntia violacea

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 7 2007

Abstract An early investigation at the Biosphere-2 Laboratory, an artificial ecosystem in the Arizona desert, had shown that the flavonoid content of cacti grown in glass-filtered solar light was lower than of cacti grown in normal solar light. This was attributed to the absence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is required for flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, two species of Opuntia cacti were grown in solar and UV-depleted light, and their flavonol contents of different tissues were determined by HPLC. O. wilcoxii, previously raised in the absence of UV light, was exposed to normal solar light. The flavonol content of young O. wilcoxii pads was 28-fold higher when grown in solar light as compared to UV-depleted light. The flavonol contents of mature outer tissues were only slightly higher. O. violacea, previously raised in solar light, was also maintained in the same UV-depleted artificial ecosystem. The flavonol content after hydrolysis of outer tissues was similar, whether grown in solar light or UV-depleted light. We attribute these responses to different biosynthetic and metabolic rates of young vs. mature plant tissues; slow-growing mature tissues neither produce nor metabolize compounds as quickly as immature tissues. These findings indicate that artificial ecosystems can influence the production of natural products in cultivated plants. [source]