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Organic Liquids (organic + liquid)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	50%
Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Therapeutic Window for Bioactive Nanocomposites Fabricated by Laser Ablation in Polymer-Doped Organic Liquids,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 5 2010
Anne Hahn
Abstract Polymeric nanomaterials are gaining increased interest in medical applications due to the sustained release of bioactive agents. Within this study nanomaterials are fabricated using laser ablation of silver and copper in polymer-doped organic liquids thus allowing to produce customized drug release systems. A strategy is shown to determine the therapeutic window for cells relevant for cochlear implant electrodes, defined by the viability of L929 fibroblasts, PC12 neuronal cells, and spiral ganglion cells on different concentrations of silver and copper ions. The distribution of nanoparticles within the silicone polymer matrix is determined using transmission electron microscopy. Hexane doped with 1% silicone resin is found to be an appropriate liquid matrix to fabricate a nanocomposite with a constant ion release rate. Silver ions of 10,µmol L,1 or copper ions of 100,µmol L,1 cause a suppression of tissue growth without inhibiting neuronal cell growth. The copper nanoparticle content of 0.1,wt% of the silicone composite releases ion concentrations which fit the therapeutic window. [source]

Combinatorial Ink-Jet Printer for Ceramics: Calibration

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2003
Mohammad Masoud Mohebi
This article describes an ink-jet printer for the construction of combinatorial libraries and functionally graded ceramics. It can mix and print all possible compositions for high-throughput screening. The number of components is set by the number of mixing valves that deliver ceramic ink from pressurized reservoirs into a circulation chamber. Compositional control is by either complete or incremental change. Organic liquids and ceramic inks are used in a systematic three-stage calibration. The calibration protocol accounts for the effects of ink viscosity, reservoir pressure, valve-opening time, and temperature, but reveals unexpected segregation effects that occur in the ink after deposition. [source]

Enhanced Photorefractivity of Poly(N -vinylcarbazole)-Based Composites through Electric-Field Treatments and Ionic Liquid Doping

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 3 2009
José A. Quintana
Abstract It is shown that the photorefractive (PR) performance of polymer composites based on poly(N -vinylcarbazole) can be improved when samples are subjected to an electric field for a certain time, i.e. conditioned, previous to the PR characterization. It is also found that for conditioned samples the addition of an organic ionic liquid to the PR composition allows to obtain PR effect without the need of using a sensitizer. The typical electric field treatment time at room temperature and at a field of 20,V µm,1 is 20,min. This procedure leads to a decrease of dark conductivity and an increase of photoconductivity, and consequently an increase of conductivity contrast. This results in higher PR two-beam-coupling gain coefficients and shorter response times, particularly at low fields. Dependencies of the process dynamics on impurities, applied field strength, temperature and the presence of an organic ionic liquid are examined in detail. It is remarkable the significant increase of the PR gain coefficients, and more drastically of the net gain coefficients, observed at low fields (<55,V µm,1), when an ionic organic liquid such as benzalkonium chloride is added to unsensitized conditioned PR composites. These findings open a new route to improve the PR performance, not only of PVK-based composites, but also of other types of organic materials, the main advantage being that no sensitizer is needed. [source]

Some safety aspects on the design of sparger systems for the oxidation of organic liquids

PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS, Issue 4 2006
Manfred Weber
Abstract This article summarizes all important parameters for a proper and safe design of the sparger system for large bubble columns, used for the oxidation of organic liquids with air or oxygen enriched air. As an example, this is done for the oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene), which is worldwide used in phenol processes. Based on data in the literature and newly measured flammability limits at 100° C and 5 barg, the potential hazards from uncontrolled gas reactions can be avoided, ultimately avoiding an explosion in the sparger system. For normal operation, a minimum flow of gas is necessary to ensure a uniform flow through all outlets, which are typically holes with a diameter of several millimeters. All holes should be directed towards the vessel bottom to self-drain the sparger. For start-up, a previous inerting of the sparger with nitrogen is preferable. Nevertheless, a certain amount of organic liquid may still be in the sparger system prior to start up. Therefore, the compressed air/oxygen should have a temperature below the Oxidation Initiation Temperature to avoid any initiation of a liquid phase oxidation within the sparger. In addition, the pressure in the sparger system should be high enough to keep the gas phase concentration of the organic liquid below the Lower Flammability Limit. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006 [source]

Therapeutic Window for Bioactive Nanocomposites Fabricated by Laser Ablation in Polymer-Doped Organic Liquids,

Passage of a bubble through a liquid,liquid interface

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008
N. Dietrich
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the bubble passage at a liquid,liquid interface using a high-speed video camera (950 images per second) and a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system. Experiments were conducted in a square Plexiglas column of 0.1 m. Bubbles were generated through a submerged orifice (D = 1 × 10,3 m). The Newtonian Emkarox (HV45) solution was employed for the heavy phase whereas two different organic liquids of different viscosity (Silicone oil 10 mPa s and 100 mPa s) were used as light phase. Experimental results show the effect of the bubble size and the viscosity of the light phase on the retention time, the length of the column of fluid entrained behind the bubble, the bubble velocity as well as the velocity fields at the liquid,liquid interface. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008 [source]

Analysis of water solubility data on the basis of HYBOT descriptors

MOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 9-10 2003
Part 2.
Abstract Solubility data of 787 organic liquids (electrolytes and non-electrolytes) with diverse structures has been quantitatively described by physicochemical property descriptors. Special effects like intra - and intermolecular hydrogen bonds have been shown to be very important for water solubility. It is found that an important part of the solute-solvent interaction is neglected in all correlations of logS with (only) logP, as in this case the solute H-bond donor effect is not considered. As expected intramolecular hydrogen bonds lead to reduced solubility, whereas intermolecular hydrogen bonds (both HB donors and acceptors) of solutes result in higher solubility. An exception to the latter rule are carboxylic acids which due to intermolecular HB-induced dimerization in the pure liquid phase of acids show a three times lower solubility as expected on the basis of their molecular properties. A volume-related term (molecular polarizability ,) was found to have an essential negative contribution to solubility. For the first time the solubility increasing effect of partial ionization of weak acids and bases in saturated aqueous solutions has been quantitatively considered for sets of compounds by exact calculation of the pH determined by the solutes aqueous solubility and pKa value(s). [source]

Polymers as functional components in batteries and fuel cells,

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 9-10 2006
Gerhard Wegner
Abstract The recent 10 years have seen an unprecedented development in the area of portable electronic devices: mobile phones, laptops, PDAS, and digital cameras have all become commodities on a large scale. All of these devices need a power supply in terms of a battery acceptable capacity, possibly rechargeable. This demand has triggered research and development in polymer materials science for lithium ion conducting polymers that could replace or avoid organic liquids as a supporting electrolyte. Moreover, polymers need to be optimized that act in the form of "gels" as framework and/or membrane materials to achieve mechanical integrity of the electrode compartments. Ionic conductivity for protons in polymeric systems is also the key issue in the development of so-called polyelectrolyte-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that are supposed to work as power sources for mobile applications, e.g. in hybrid cars. A liquid fuel such as methanol would be converted to CO2 and H2O with concomitant production of electricity. Novel proton conducting polymer systems are required that work at temperatures between 150,200°C, that is under more or less water-free conditions. These requirements find an echo in the academic world in terms of renewed interest in the mechanisms of ionic transport phenomena in polymeric systems and in studies that aim for optimization of materials. In this article there will be a report on both lithium-ion and proton conducting polymers that have been recently developed in the authors' laboratory. The results will be discussed in the context of the demands that need to be met for advanced technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]