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Organic Coatings (organic + coating)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	30%
Chemistry	30%
Earth and Environmental Science	20%

Selected Abstracts

Epitaxial Growth of Indium Arsenide Nanowires on Silicon Using Nucleation Templates Formed by Self-Assembled Organic Coatings,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 14 2007
T. Mårtensson
Indium arsenide nanowires are grown directly on silicon substrates (see figure and cover) using a method employing self-assembled organic coatings to create oxide-based growth templates. High-performance materials, such as InAs, could have great impact on future nanoelectronics if integrated with Si, but integration has so far been hard to realize with other methods. [source]

Buchbesprechung: Organic Coatings , Science and Technology , Third Edition.

CHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 1-2 2008
D. A. Wicks., F. N. Jones, S. P. Pappas, Von Z. W. Wicks Jr.
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

FROM SUSA TO ANURADHAPURA: RECONSTRUCTING ASPECTS OF TRADE AND EXCHANGE IN BITUMEN-COATED CERAMIC VESSELS BETWEEN IRAN AND SRI LANKA FROM THE THIRD TO THE NINTH CENTURIES AD*

ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 3 2008
B. STERN
In contrast with artefactual studies of long-distance trade and exchange in South Asia during the Prehistoric and Early Historic periods (Ardika et al. 1993; Gogte 1997; Krishnan and Coningham 1997; Tomber 2000; Gupta et al. 2001; Ford et al. 2005), few scientifically orientated analyses have focused on artefacts from the region's Historic period. During excavations at the ancient city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, a number of buff ware ceramics with a putative organic coating on the interior were recovered (Coningham 2006). Dated stylistically to between the third and ninth centuries ad, analysis of the coatings using gas chromatography,mass spectrometry (GC,MS) and stable isotope analysis (carbon and deuterium) confirmed that the coatings are bitumen,an organic product associated with petroleum deposits. There are no known bitumen sources in Sri Lanka, and biomarker distributions and isotopic signatures suggest that the majority of the samples appear to have come from a single bitumen source near Susa in Iran. The relationship between the bitumen coatings and the vessels is discussed, and it is suggested that the coatings were used to seal permeable ceramic containers to allow them to transport liquid commodities. This study enhances our knowledge of networks of trade and exchange between Sri Lanka and western Asia during Historic times. [source]

Effect of RGD peptide coating of titanium implants on periimplant bone formation in the alveolar crest

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002
An experimental pilot study in dogs
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of organic coating of titanium implants on periimplant bone formation and bone/implant contact. Three types of implants were used: (i) Ti6Al4V implants with polished surface (control 1) (ii) Ti6Al4V implants with collagen coating (control 2) (iii) Ti6Al4V implants with collagen coating and covalently bound RGD peptides. All implants had square cross-sections with an oblique diameter of 4.6 mm and were inserted press fit into trephine burr holes of 4.6 mm in the mandibles of 10 beagle dogs. The implants of five animals each were evaluated after a healing period of 1 month and 3 months, during which sequential fluorochrome labelling of bone formation was performed. Bone formation was evaluated by morphometric measurement of the newly formed bone around the implant and the percentage of implant bone contact. After 1 month there was only little bone/implant contact, varying between 2.6 and 6.7% in the cortical bone and 4.4 and 5.7% in the cancellous bone, with no significant differences between the three types of implants. After 3 months, implants with polished surfaces exhibited 26.5 and 31.2% contact in the cortical and cancellous bone, respectively, while collagen-coated implants had 19.5 and 28.4% bone contact in these areas. Implants with RGD coating showed the highest values with 42.1% and 49.7%, respectively. Differences between the surface types as such were not significant, but the increase in bone/implant contact from 1 to 3 months postoperatively was significant only in the group of RGD-coated implants (P = 0.008 and P = 0.000). The results of this pilot study thus provide only weak evidence that coating of titanium implants with RGD peptides in the present form and dosage may increase periimplant bone formation in the alveolar process. The results therefore require further verification in a modified experimental setting. Résumé Le but de l'étude présente a été d'évaluer l'effet d'un recouvrement organique des implants en titane sur la formation osseuse paro?mplantaire et le contact os/implant. Trois types d'implants ont été utilisés: 1) implants Ti6AI4V avec surface polie (contrôle 1), 2) implants Ti6AI4V avec recouvrement de collagène (contrôle 2), 3) implants Ti6aI4V avec recouvrement de collagène et des peptides RGD accrochés de manière covalente. Tous les implants avaient une section carrée avec un diamètre oblique de 4.6 mm et étaient insérés dans des trous percés à l'aide de trépans de 4.6 mm dans la mandibule de dix chiens beagle. Les implants de cinq animaux ont étéévalués après une période de guérison d'un mois et de trois mois durant laquelle un marquage fluochrome séquentiel de la néoformation osseuse a été effectué. La formation osseuse a étéévaluée par mesure morphométrique de l'os néoformé autour de l'implant et par pourcentage de contact os/implant. Après un mois, il n'y avait que peu de contact os/implant, variant entre 2.6 et 6.7% dans l'os cortical et 4.4 et 5.7% dans l'os spongieux, sans aucune différence significative entre les trois types d'implants. Après trois mois, les implants avec les surfaces polies montraient respectivement 26.5 et 31.2% d'os cortical et spongieux, tandis que les implants recouverts de collagène avaient 19.5 et 28.4% de contact osseux dans ces zones. Les implants avec le recouvrement RGD avaient les valeurs les plus importantes avec respectivement 42.1% et 49.7%. Les différences entre les types de surface n'étaient pas significatives mais l'augmentation du contact os/implant de 1 à 3 mois après l'opération n'était significative que dans le groupe RGD (P=0.008 et P=0.0000). Les résultats de cette ewtude pilote n'ont donc mis en évidence qu'une maigre preuve que les recouvrements des implants en titane par les petpides RGD sous la forme présente et le dosage présent, pouvaient augmenter la formation osseuse paro?mplantaire dans le processus alvéolaire. Ces résultats requièrent donc davantage de vérifications dans un système expérimental modifié. Zusammenfassung Es war das Ziel dieser Untersuchung, den Einfluss einer organischen Beschichtung von Titanimplantaten auf die periimplantäre Knochenformation und auf den KnochenImplantatkontakt zu analysieren. Drei Typen von Implantaten wurden verwendet: i) Ti6AI4V Implantate mit polierter Oberfläche (Kontrolle 1), ii) Ti6AI4V Implantate mit Kollagenbeschichtung (Kontrolle 2), iii) Ti6AI4V Implantate mit Kollagenbeschichtung und kovalent gebundenen RGD-Peptiden. Alle Implantate hatten einen quadratischen Querschnitt mit einem Querdurchmesser von 4.6 mm. Sie wurden in die Unterkiefer von zehn Beaglehunden in zylindrische Bohrungen mit einem Durchmesser von 4.6 mm mit Pressitz eingesetzt. Die Implantate von je funf Tieren wurden nach einer Helungszeit von einem bzw. drei Monaten ausgewertet. Während der gesamten Zeit wurden sequentielle Fluorochrommarkierungen der Knochenbildung durchgeführt. Die Knochenbildung wurde durch morphometrische Messungen des neugebildeten Knochens um die Implantate und durch Messungen der prozentualen Anteile des Knochen-/Implantatkontakts ausgewertet. Nach 1 Monat war nur wenig Knochen-/Implantatkontakt vorhanden. Er variierte zwischen 2.6 und 6.7% im kortikalen Knochen und zwischen 4.4 und 5.7% im spongiösen Knochen. Zwischen den drei Implantattypen bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Nach drei Monaten zeigten die Implantate mit polierten Oberflächen 26.5% Knochenkontakt im kortikalen bzw. 31.2% im spongiösen Knochen, während die kollagenbeschichteten Implantate 19.5% und 28.4% Knochenkontakt in diesen Regionen zeigten. Implantate mit RGD-Beschichtung zeigten mit 42.1% bzw. 49.7% die höchsten Werte. Zwischen den Oberflächentypen bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Nur in der Gruppe mit RGD-beschichteten Implantaten nahm der Knochen-/Implantatkontakt zwischen 1 bis 3 Monaten nach Chirurgie signifikant zu (P=0.008 und P=0.000). Die Resultate dieser zeigen nur mit schwacher Evidenz, dass die Beschichtung von Titanimplantaten mit RGD-Peptiden in der vorliegenden Form und Dosierung die periimplantäre Knochenformation im Alveolarkamm erhöht. Die Resultate müssen daher in einem modifizerten experimentellen Aufbau verifiziert werden. Resumen La intención del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de la cobertura orgánica de implantes de titanio en la formación de hueso y contacto hueso/implante. Se usaron tres tipos de implantes: i) implantes de Ti6AI4V con superficie pulida (control 1), ii) implantes Ti6AI4V con cubierta de colágeno (control 2), iii) implantes de Ti6AI4V con cubierta de colágeno y péptidos RGD con unión convalente. Todos los implantes tenían secciones cuadradas con un diámetro oblicuo de 4.6 mm y se insertaron a presión en orificios trepanados de 4.6 mm en las mandíbulas de 10 perros beagle. Se evaluaron los implantes de 5 animales tras un periodo de cicatrización de un mes y tres meses los otros cinco, durante este tiempo se llevó a cabo marcado secuencial con fluorocromo de la formación de hueso. La formación de hueso se evaluó mediante mediciones morfométricas del hueso neoformado alrededor del implante y el porcentaje de contacto hueso implante. Tras 1 mes existió muy poco contacto hueso/implante variando entre 2.6 y 6.7% en el hueso cortical y 4.4 y 5.7% en el hueso esponjoso sin diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de implantes. Tras tres meses, los implantes con superficies pulidas exhibieron un 26.5 y 31.2% en el hueso cortical y esponjoso, respectivamente, mientras que los implantes con cubiertas de colágeno tuvieron un 19.5 y un 28.4% de contacto óseo en estas áreas. Los implantes con cubiertas de RGD mostraron los valores más altos con un 42.1 y un 49.7% respectivamente. Las diferencias ente tipos de superficie como tales no fueron significativas pero el incremento de contacto hueso/implante de 1 a 3 meses tras la operación fue significativo solo en el grupo de implantes con cubierta RGD (P=0.008 y P=0.000). Los resultados de este estudio piloto aunque han mostrado solo una débil evidencia, que la cobertura de implantes de titanio con péptidos RGD en la forma y dosis presente pueden incrementar la formación de hueso periimplantario en el proceso alveolar. Los resultados, por lo tanto, requieren una posterior verificación en una situación experimental modificada. [source]

Quantifying the effects of aggregation, particle size and components on the colour of Mediterranean soils

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004
M. SÁnchez-Marañón
Summary Aggregation, particle size, and chemical composition affect the colour of the soil. We have attempted to quantify and understand these effects in 12 Mediterranean soils. We measured the CIELAB colour variables hab, L*, and C*ab in aggregated and dispersed soil samples, and also in coarse sand, fine sand, silt, and clay samples before and after sequential removal of organic matter, carbonates, and Fe oxides. Grassmann's colour-mixing equations adjusted by regression analysis described the colour of the dispersed soil from its particle-size fractions with an error of 1% for hab, 4% for L*, and 9% for C*ab. This suggests that the contribution of each fraction to the colour of the dispersed soil can be accurately calculated by its colorimetric data weighted by its content and a regression coefficient, which was greatest for clay. We inferred the influence of a component within each fraction by measuring the colour changes after its removal. Iron oxides reduced hab of the silicated substrate by 19%, reduced L* by 12%, and increased C*ab by 64% in all particle-size fractions. Carbonates and organic matter had little influence: the former because they impart little colour to the silicates and the latter because there was little of it. The CIELAB colour-difference between dispersed and aggregated soil (mean ,E*ab = 15.3) was due mainly to ,L* (,14.7). Aggregation contributed to diminishing L* of dispersed soil by 34%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that Fe oxides and organic coatings cover the surface of aggregates thereby influencing soil colour. [source]

Epitaxial Growth of Indium Arsenide Nanowires on Silicon Using Nucleation Templates Formed by Self-Assembled Organic Coatings,

Direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques to study organic coatings on archaeological amphorae

JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 5 2005
Maria Perla Colombini
Abstract Two different analytical approaches, direct exposure electron ionization mass spectrometry (DE-MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), were compared in a study of archaeological resinous materials. DE-MS was found to be an efficient fingerprinting tool for the fast screening of organic archaeological samples and for providing information on the major components. GC/MS appeared to be more efficient in unravelling the sample composition at a molecular level, despite the long analysis time and the need for a wet chemical pretreatment. Both procedures were applied to characterize the organic material present as coatings in Roman and Egyptian amphorae. DE-MS successfully identified abietanic compounds, hence a diterpenic resinous material could be identified and its degree of oxidation assessed. GC/MS enabled us to identify dehydroabietic acid, 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid, retene, tetrahydroretene, norabietatriene, norabietatetraene and methyl dehydroabietate. These oxidized and aromatized abietanes provided evidence that the amphorae examined were waterproofed with a pitch produced from resinous wood of plants from the Pinaceae family. The chemometric evaluation of the GC/MS data highlighted significant chemical differences between the pitches found in the two archaeological sites, basically related to differences in the production techniques of the materials and in their degradation pathways. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

AMMONOID SHELL STRUCTURES OF PRIMARY ORGANIC COMPOSITION

PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
CHRISTIAN KLUG
Abstract:, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic cephalopod conchs occasionally reveal dark organic coatings at the aperture. A number of these coatings, including still unrecorded examples, are described, figured and interpreted herein. On the basis of elemental analysis, actualistic comparison and a comparison with Triassic bivalves, some of these coatings are shown to consist of apatite and primarily probably of conchiolin (and also probably melanin). In several Mesozoic ammonoid genera such as Paranannites, Psiloceras, Lytoceras, Phylloceras, Harpoceras and Chondroceras, some of these coatings (recorded herein for most of these taxa for the first time) are interpreted as a structure similar to the black band, which was previously known only from Recent Allonautilus and Nautilus. In contrast to these nautilid genera, however, the organic material of some Mesozoic ammonoids was not deposited on the inside of the shell but externally, albeit positioned at the terminal aperture as in Recent nautilids. Some ammonoids of Carboniferous and Triassic age show several such bands at more or less regular angular distances on the ultimate whorls and at the aperture, e.g. Nomismoceras, Gatherites, Owenites, Paranannites, Juvenites and Melagathiceratidae gen. et sp. nov. Triassic material from Oman shows that the black coating was probably secreted from the inside, because the position of this organic deposit changes from interior to exterior in an anterior direction (i.e. adaperturally). This structure has previously been referred to as a ,false colour pattern' and is here interpreted as having been formed at an interim aperture or megastria (,alter Mundrand'). All structures discussed in the paper are considered to have been secreted by a single organ and to have been initiated by some form of stress or adverse conditions. Thus, certain environmental parameters and growth anomalies appear to have influenced their formation. [source]

Protein Immobilization Using Atmospheric-Pressure Dielectric-Barrier Discharges: A Route to a Straightforward Manufacture of Bioactive Films

PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS, Issue 2 2008
Pieter Heyse
Abstract An alternative single-step method for biomolecule entrapment in atmospheric plasma polymers is described. Relying on our experience to fabricate organic coatings at mild plasma conditions, fluorescent proteins and an organic coating precursor were simultaneously introduced to the DBD. Fluorescence microscopy and spectrum analysis unambiguously illustrate the single-step protein immobilization procedure using DBD. Moreover, in contrast to covalent immobilization procedures, the developed technique showed a homogeneous protein distribution in the coating. [source]

Frequency-Dependent Alternating-Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (4D AC-SECM) for Local Visualisation of Corrosion Sites

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 13 2008
Kathrin Eckhard Dr.
Abstract For a better understanding of the initiation of localised corrosion, there is a need for analytical tools that are capable of imaging corrosion pits and precursor sites with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The lateral electrochemical contrast in alternating-current scanning electrochemical microscopy (AC-SECM) has been found to be highly dependent on the frequency of the applied alternating voltage. In order to be able to obtain data with optimum contrast and high resolution, the AC frequency is swept in a full spectrum at each point in space instead of performing spatially resolved measurements at one fixed perturbation frequency. In doing so, four-dimensional data sets are acquired (4D AC-SECM). Here, we describe the instrument set-up and modus operandi, along with the first results from the imaging of corroding surfaces. Corrosion precursor sites and local defects in protective organic coatings, as well as an actively corroding pit on 304 stainless steel, have been successfully visualised. Since the lateral electrochemical contrast in these images varies with the perturbation frequency, the proposed approach constitutes an indispensable tool for obtaining optimum electrochemical contrast. Um die Entstehung lokaler Korrosionsphänomene untersuchen zu können, bedarf es ortsauflösender Methoden, die beispielsweise Lochfraß oder Korrosionsvorstufen mit hoher lateraler Auflösung visualisieren können. Bei der Abbildung lokaler elektrochemischer Aktivität mittels wechselstrombasierter elektrochemischer Rastermikroskopie (AC-SECM) ist der Kontrast in hohem Maße abhängig von der gewählten Anregungsfrequenz. Um den Informationsgehalt der erhaltenen Bilder zu erhöhen und optimalen elektrochemischen Kontrast zu erzielen, wird vorgeschlagen, an jedem Punkt des Rastergitters, ein komplettes Frequenzspektrum aufzunehmen, anstatt die Oberfläche mit einer einzigen, willkürlich gewählten Anregungsfrequenz abzurastern. Dadurch werden vierdimensionale Datensätze erhalten (4D AC-SECM). Wir berichten hier über den Aufbau des neu entwickelte Instrumentes, seine Funktionsweise und über erste Ergebnisse zur Abbildung korrodierender Oberflächen. Korrosionsvorstufen und Defekte in organischen Schutzschichten konnten ebenso erfolgreich visualisiert werden wie ein Korrosionsherd auf einer 304 Edelstahl-Oberfläche. Die hier vorgestellte Herangehensweise garantiert die Erfassung des optimalen elektrochemischen Kontrastes und damit eine hohe Auflösung bei der Visualisierung korrodierender Oberflächen. [source]